• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.363-372
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• 2020

Objective: To develop a standardized instrument to measure the level of cognition for orthodontic treatment in adults, and verify its reliability and validity for assessing perceptions of orthodontic treatment in adults. Methods: A total of 406 adults aged 19-64 years were surveyed by an internet research system. A tool was developed through the instrument development and verification stages. The data were analyzed by correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and Cronbach's α test. Results: The instrument consisted of 11 items covering four factors related to orthodontic treatment. Three items were related to general perception, four described the perception of the treatment for adults, two related to the treatment effects, and two related to the retention of orthodontic treatment. In the reliability test, Cronbach's α was 0.845 for the 11 items. In assessments for individual components, Cronbach's α was 0.764 for the general perception of orthodontic treatment, 0.705 for the perception of this treatment for adults, 0.707 for the effects of the treatment, and 0.701 for the retention of orthodontic treatment. Finally, a measurement instrument for the perception of orthodontic treatment in adults was designed to assess the 11 items on a four-point Likert scale. Conclusions: This study developed a standard measurement instrument for assessing the perception of orthodontic treatment in adults. The proposed instrument will enable additional studies on the influence of an adult's perception of orthodontic treatment on the decision to undergo treatment.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.35.2-35.2
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• 2008

The Albedo MONitor and RAdiometer (AMON-RA) instrument system is designed to measure Earth global albedo anomaly over the wavelength range of 0.3um to 4um. The instrument consists of two interconnecting optical subsystems i.e. a visible channel and an energy channel. The energy channel instrument consists of a modified Winston cone, a couple of relay mirrors and a pyro-electric detector. First, we report the integration and alignment process, leading to the prototype bolometer instrument. We then discuss the radiometric performance characterization including laboratory measurement results and the future plan for further incorporation of the bolometer instrument into the prototype AMON-RA instrument.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.443-449
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• 2010

A machine vision-based instrument to measure a droplet size spectrum of a spray nozzle was developed and tested to evaluate its accuracy on measuring spray droplet sizes and classifying nozzle sizes. The instrument consisted of a machine vision, light emitting diode (LED) illumination and a desktop computer. The illumination and machine vision were controlled by the computer through a C++ program. The program controlled the machine vision to capture droplet images under controlled illumination, and processed the droplet images to characterize the droplet size distribution of a spray nozzle. An image processing algorithm was developed to improve the accuracy of the system by eliminating random noise and out-of-focus droplets in droplet images while measuring droplet sizes. The instrument measured sizes of the three different balls (254.0, 497.8 and $793.8\;{\mu}m$) and the measurement ranges were $241.2-273.6\;{\mu}m$, $492.9-529.6\;{\mu}m$ and $800.8-824.1\;{\mu}m$ for 254.0-, 497.84- and $793.75-\;{\mu}m$ balls, respectively. Error of the measured droplet mean was less than 3.0 %. Droplet statistics, $D_{V0.1}$, $D_{V0.5}$ and $D_{V0.9}$, of a reference nozzle set were measured, and droplet size spectra of five spray nozzles covering from very fine to extremely coarse were measured to classify spray nozzle sizes. Ninety percent of the classification results of the instrument agreed with manufacturer's classification. A comparison study was carried out between developed and commercial instruments, and measurement results of the developed instrument were within 20 % of commercial instrument results.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.904-910
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• 2017

This paper presents temperature measurement of solar photovoltaic modules using the custom-made system composed of an infrared temperature sensor and a microcontroller. The obtained measurement results are processed, displayed and stored on a PC using the custom-made virtual instrument. The proposed system overcomes some of the problems related to the contact sensor application, and at the same time offers accurate readings and better flexibility. The proposed system is especially suitable for applications where the cost is a limiting factor in the choice of measuring system. The conducted analysis and the obtained results have shown an excellent accuracy of the proposed system in comparison to a high quality thermal imaging camera used as the reference instrument.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 1997

Recently there has been increased interest in the use of iontophoresis for the transdermal delivery of drugs, both ionic and nonionic. The use of iontophoresis has been rare over the years due to the lack of domestic supplies of the instrument and the expensive iontophoresis instrument made by foreign country. The purpose of this study was to design a commercially available iontophoresis system (WIT- 1 ). The efficacy of WT- 1 system was well defined. In clinical trial, procaine iontophoresis produced local anesthesia of significantly longer duration than swabbing and placebo groups. The 4% procaine iontophoresis using WIT-1 significant difference in anesthetic duration between WIT- 1 system and IontopherTM PM system. The result of this study suggest that WIT-1 system can be used for the transdermal delivery of drugs in various clinical conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.329-338
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to design an instrument to simulate the Human-Clothing-Environment system and evaluate the water vapour transport properties of sweat absorbent PET fabrics. The instrument was composed of sweat generating part, clothing part which can simulate clothing layers, and enviromental part. As specimens, sweat absorbent PET, regular PET, cotton, nylon and acrylics fabrics were included. For the water vapour transport(WVT), relative humidities and temperatures were measured by film type humidity sensors and thermocouples, respectively. Water vapour pressures were calculated with measured RH's and temperatures. For the liquid water transport, wickability and demand wettability were measured. Results showed that there was a difference in terms of water vapour transport mechanism depending on the fiber type ; sweat absorbent PET showed higher WVT at the transient period then equilibrated, whereas other fabrics showed lower WVT at the transient period then increased continuously. These differences are expected to affect to the difference in the comfort properties of clothings. Sweat absorbent PET showed higher demand wettability and wickability than other fabrics. Wide application of the instrument was also suggested.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.56.4-57
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• 2015

We present the optical design and a sensitivity analysis for a wide field of view (FOV) instrument operating at UV and IR wavelengths. The ongoing investigation is performed in collaboration with Omnisys Instruments (Sweden) and focuses on a telluric-limb-viewing instrument that will fly in a low Earth orbit to study mesospheric wave structures over a wide range of horizontal scales in the altitude range 80 - 100 km. The instrument has six wavelength channels which consist of 4 channels of IR and 2 of UV. We are proposing an optical design based on three mirror aplanatic off-axis reflective system. The entrance pupil diameter and effective focal length are 45 mm and 270 mm, respectively. The FOV is $5.5^{\circ}{\times}1^{\circ}$ and the secondary mirror is set for stop. The optical specification is required to have an encircled energy of at least 80 % within a diameter of 21 um. We performed sensitivity analysis for the longest wavelength of 772 nm in consideration of the diffraction limit of system. The results show that tolerance limits for positions and angles of the mirrors are not very sensitive compared with typical error budgets of manufacturing and assembling process. The secondary mirror has the most sensitive tolerance for surface figure of 250 nm in root-mean-square.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.809-812
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• 2005

Battery is an energetic collector of solar cell system. Battery which is used in the system must have many qualities in the followings. The battery must be "Deep Cycle Battery" type. In addition, the battery is Cleary indicated the percentage of DOD. The indication of DOD is used for calculation other valve used in solar cell system. Currently, the percentage of DOD of battery is fixed by battery manufacture. If users would like to calculate is introduced % DOD, the users have to check the battery at least 12 months. This article is introduced battery deep of discharge meter by using theory of lead acid battery under deep cycle type and including the theory of DC. Current and internal resistance of battery. The data used for analyzing are collected according to the theories. The data will be calculated by monitor unit and controller systems.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.835-847
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• 2017

A transmitting coil with an optimal topology and number of turns can effectively improve the performance of the wireless power transfer (WPT) systems for endoscope robots. This study proposes the evaluation parameters of the transmitting coils related to the performance of the WPT system to standardize the design of the transmitting coils. It considers both the quality factor of transmitting coils and the coupling factor between the two sides. Furthermore, an analytical model of transmitting coils with different topologies is built to exactly estimate the evaluation parameters. Several coils with the specified topologies are wound to verify the analytical model and the feasibility of evaluation parameters. In the case of a constant power received, the related evaluation parameters are proportional to the transfer efficiency of the WPT system. Therefore, the applicable frequency ranges of transmitting coils with different topologies are determined theoretically. Then a transmitting coil with a diameter of 69 cm is re-optimized both theoretically and experimentally. The transfer efficiency of the WPT system is increased from 3.58% to 7.37% with the maximum magnetic field intensity permitted by human tissue. Finally, the standardized design of the transmitting coil is achieved by summing-up and facilitating the optimization of the coils in various situations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.375-380
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• 1993

We developed a part of stroke sensing cylinder and its measurement system for system for automatic excavator. In this paper, for development of stroke sensing sylinder, we consist of 2-axis control instrument system with magnetic sensor. A Performence of cylinder rod with magnetic scales is evaluated by its system. Furthmore, the position control for good performance of instrument system is achieved by a sliding mode control which is a new method diminishing the chattering in that control by setting 2-dead band along the swtching line. The unknown parameters for sliding mode control are estimated by the signal compression method.