• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.137-173
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• 2021

Research and national standards, such as the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) in the United States, promote the development and implementation of K-12 interdisciplinary curricula integrating the disciplines of science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and computer science (STEM+CS). However, little research has explored how teachers provide epistemic support in interdisciplinary contexts or the factors that inform teachers' epistemic support in STEM+CS activities. The goal of this paper is to articulate how interdisciplinary instruction complicates epistemic knowledge and resources needed for teachers' instructional decision-making. Toward these ends, this paper builds upon existing models of teachers' instructional decision-making in individual STEM+CS disciplines to highlight specific challenges and opportunities of interdisciplinary approaches on classroom epistemic supports. First, we offer considerations as to how teachers can provide epistemic support for students to engage in disciplinary practices across mathematics, science, engineering, and computer science. We then support these considerations using examples from our studies in elementary classrooms using integrated STEM+CS curriculum materials. We focus on an elementary school context, as elementary teachers necessarily integrate disciplines as part of their teaching practice when enacting NGSS-aligned curricula. Further, we argue that as STEM+CS interdisciplinary curricula in the form of NGSS-aligned, project-based units become more prevalent in elementary settings, careful attention and support needs to be given to help teachers not only engage their students in disciplinary practices across STEM+CS disciplines, but also to understand why and how these disciplinary practices should be used. Implications include recommendations for the design of professional learning experiences and curriculum materials.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.221-234
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• 1997

The purposes of this study were (a) to ascertain early childhood teachers' beliefs and practices relative to the developmentally appropriate practices, and (b) to determine the relative differences of child care center teachers' beliefs and practices and kindergarten teachers' beliefs and practices. Although interest in obtaining information regarding teachers' beliefs and practices for developmentally appropriate practices in early childhood education is not new, it has commanded considerable attention recently, reflecting concern about growing fragmentation and discontinuity between the early childhood education and care services. A questionnaire measure of 4-and 5-year-old classroom teachers' beliefs and practices based on the guidelines for developmentally appropriate practices of the National Association for the education of Young children, which was consisted of the Teachers' Beliefs Scale(TBS) and the Instructional activities Scale(IAS), was administered to 215 child care center teachers and 215 kindergarten teachers. Positive correlations were found not only between teachers' beliefs and practices but also between developmentally appropriate belief and activities, and between developmentally inappropriate beliefs and activities. There was significant difference between child center and kindergarten teacher groups on the mean scores of each subscale, revealing that kindergarten group had a greater mean score on both TBS and IAS than child care center group. The results of this study implies that there is a great deal of teaching in either child care centers or kindergartens which is not congruent with developmentally appropriate practice. Also, the information obtained with the questionnaire has supported the contention that early childhood education and care services are need to be amalgamated based on the developmentally appropriate practices.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.135-152
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• 2019

This conceptual paper proposes a conceptualization regarding teacher candidates' experiences as learners during instructional activities implemented by teacher educators in practice-based teacher education programs. We argue that the current learning cycle framework for teacher candidates to engage in core teaching practices does not fully address teacher candidates' own learning experiences as learners. To provide a rationale for our proposal, we examine the current conceptualization of learning to enact core practices and suggest the need for integrating teacher candidates' experiences into the current conceptualization. We also draw on research on figured worlds as an effort to conceptualize teacher candidates' experiences coming from multiple figured world. We present some examples from our own mathematics methods courses to illustrate how this newly proposed framework can be used in practice and share remaining questions for future research.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.61-73
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• 1992

In response to epoch-making development in science and technology, the innovative curricular materials have been begun to develop since the late 1950s and early 1960s. However, the new inquiry-centered materials have failed to be successfully used in teaching/learning practices of science. Among the various reasons for the failure, the very nature of the inquiry approach has been identified as the most critical problem. Nevertheless, fostering inquiry faculties on the part of the students has been emphasized as one of the most important objectives of science instruction. Therefore this study was conducted for the purpose of developing a practical inquiry-oriented instructional method. In order to obtain this goal the nature of scientific inquiry was analyzed and the status quo of science education in which inquiry-oriented instructional strategies were applied was examined. The results of the study are described in this paper.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.183-198
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• 2023

Classroom observation instruments are often used to evaluate teachers' instructional practices and provide feedback to inform interventions or research studies, or professional development efforts. While designed as research tools, many classroom observation instruments can provide important information to support teachers' learning and instructional change by providing a focus for formative assessment or self-evaluation of practice. In this paper, we review two classroom observation tools and the protocols for their use with an implementation example for one of the tools. These tools are more foreign to the field compared to others but have features that might serve as affordances in relation to the purposes of a specific investigation.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.17-39
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• 2003

The 21st century is called “an era of creation” or “an era of speed.” These are flat expressions requiring a fierce competition between individuals, corporations and nations. In a reality in which we should make new things continuously within a short period of time, the world best benchmarking can become a good alternative. The world best practice can be called “a mode of operation” that has created the world's best performance in a particular field of managerial activities. It is very meaningful for the nations' corporations, which have a lower competitiveness than world-class ones and weak points in the area of human resources development, in particular, to benchmark the world-class corporations' best practices of HRD. Therefore, this study is conducted in conformity with a model of the Instructional Systems Designs for the Total Quality Education that brings the structure of the world-class corporations' best practices of HRD into line with that of the Total Quality Management. That is, analysis, design, development, implementation and assessment are included in this study.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.49-57
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• 2016

This paper aims to explore instructional design of a cyber classroom for secondary students' basic English language competence. A paucity of support for low or under achieving students' English learning exists particularly at the secondary level. In order to bridge the gap, there has been demand for online educational resources considered to be an effective tool in improving students' self-directed learning and motivation. This study employs a comprehensive approach to instructional design for the asynchronous cyber classroom with the underlying premise that different learning theories can be applied in a complementary manner to serve different pedagogical purposes best. Gagné's conditions of learning theory, Bruner's constructivist theory, Carroll's minimalist theory, and Vygotsky's social cognitive development theory serve as the basis for designing instruction and selecting appropriate media. The ADDIE model is used to develop online teaching and learning materials. Twenty-five key grammatical features were selected through the analysis of the national curriculum of English, being grouped into five units. Each feature is covered in one cyber asynchronous class. An Integration Class is given at the end of every five classes for synthesis, where students can practice grammatical features in a communicative context. Related theories, pedagogical practices, and practical web-design strategies for cyber Basic English classes are discussed with suggestions for research, practice and policy to support self-directed learning through a cyber class.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.877-893
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to study the implementation of instructional practices and the needs for improving study habits of underachievers, as a preliminary research to develop improving program for underachievers' study habits. Firstly, past researches on the subject were analyzed to find out the concept and scope of study habits, and factors related to academic achievement. After arranging and integrating these factors, we have extracted the constructs and factors of improvement program for students' study habits. Secondly, the instructional practices in the field and needs for improvement program for students' study habits were analyzed through a survey. The online survey composed of structured questionnaire was conducted among teachers consisting of regular classroom teachers, special class teachers, school counselors, etc. The results were reflected in the contents and configuration of the program. The contents of survey was the degree of practice and needs of improvement program for students' study habits in schools, and the degree of practice and needs of standardized tests. According to the survey results, the efforts for improving the underachieved students' study habits were low level. This study focused on study habits showing high demands in the development of program and manual.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1994

The primary goal of this study was to suggest the ways of developing various types of instructional models which could be effectively used for science lessons in secondary schools. In order to attain this goal this study used literature review as its main method. This study was carried out through the process of three steps as follows: The conceptual relationship among instruction. teaching, and learning was examined. Then the general instructional models built on the traditional epistemology and psychology were reviewed and analyzed in terms of their characteristics and limits. The nature of instructional models developed for science education in secondary schools were analyzed The essential features and limits of the models were discussed in relation to their theoretical background and applicabilities to actual practices of science education. The implications for science learning were drawn from modem philosophy of science, which were used for developing instructional model. The strategies for using the new instructional model was also suggested. One general model of science instruction was given as an example applicable for science classrooms. The model was composed of appropriate teaching strategies and processes.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.9-19
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• 2021

The purpose of this survey-based study was to investigate high school students' perceptions of mathematics teachers' implementation of Universal Design for Learning (UDL)-based practices and technology in their mathematics classes in 2017. A total of 303 high school students in South Korea participated in this online survey on teachers' use of technology for instructional practices, the frequency of technology tool use, and the meeting of UDL guidelines in mathematics instruction. According to frequency analysis, high school students generally perceived their teachers' mathematics teaching as somewhat positive in providing multiple means of representation, action and expression, and engagement. However, mathematics teachers' implementation of technology tools in their mathematics classes was generally limited. This study indicated significant and positive relationships between variables regarding the use of technology tools and teachers' efforts to follow the UDL guidelines. Applying the Chi-squared test, we further examined how each survey result differed according to high school students' academic achievements and grade levels.