• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.36-56
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• 2017

The importance of noodles in Korean diet is becoming greater in recent years. This article is an overview on a variety of Korean noodles including dried noodle, naengmyeon (buckwheat noodle), dangmyeon (starch noodle) and instant fried noodle. It gives also the background information on the changes of the definition of noodles. Since Koreans are the largest consumer of instant fried noodles per capita in the world, primary emphasis was placed on the development history of instant fried noodles.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.443-449
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• 2011

Instant noodles are widely consumed in Asian countries. The Korean population consumed the largest quantity of instant noodles in the world in 2008, However, few studies have investigated the relationship between instant noodles and nutritional status in Koreans. The objective of this study was to examine the association between instant noodle consumption and food and nutrient intake in Korean adults. We used dietary data of 6,440 subjects aged 20 years and older who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. The average age of the instant noodle consumers (INC) was 36.2 and that of the non-instant noodle consumers (non-INC) was 44.9; men consumed more instant noodles than women (P<0.001), With the exception of cereals and grain products, legumes, seaweeds, eggs, and milk and dairy products, INC consumed significantly fewer potatoes and starches, sugars, seeds and nuts, vegetables, mushrooms, fruits, seasonings, beverages, meals, fishes, and oils and fats compared with those in the non-INC group. The INC group showed significantly higher nutrient intake of energy, fat, sodium, thiamine, and riboflavin; however, the INC group showed a significantly lower intake of protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron, potassium, vitamin A, niacin, and vitamin C compared with those in the non-INC group. This study revealed that consuming instant noodles may lead to excessive intake of energy, fats, and sodium but may also cause increased intake of thiamine and riboflavin. Therefore, nutritional education helping adults to choose a balanced meal while consuming instant noodles should be implemented, Additionally, instant noodle manufacturers should consider nutritional aspects when developing new products.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제42권8호
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• pp.723-731
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• 2009

Instant noodle is one of the most popular foods in Korea. The objective of this study was to examine the association of instant noodle consumption and food and nutrient intake among children and teenagers in Korea. We used dietary data from 24-h recall of 1,748 subjects aged 7-19 years who participated in the 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Those who consumed instant noodle once or more during the survey period were categorized as "instant noodle consumer (INC)" and were compared for food and nutrient intakes with the others (non-INC). The average age of the INC was 13.4 and that of the non-INC was 12.4; girls consumed more instant noodles than boys (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in BMI between the two groups. With the exception of grains, as compared to the non-INC, the INC consumed significantly less amounts of potatoes, vegetables, mush-rooms, fruits, spices, seafood, and milk and dairy products. With respect to nutrient intakes, the INC-group showed significantly higher nutrient intakes of energy, fat, carbohydrate, sodium, thiamine, and riboflavin; however, as compared to the non-INC-group, the INC-group showed significantly less intakes of calcium, niacin, and vitamin C. The overall result suggests that consuming instant noodles may lead to excessive intake of fat and sodium, but it may cause an increased intake of thiamine and riboflavin. Therefore, nutrition education that helps children and teenagers choose a balanced meal while consuming instant noodle should be carried out. In addition, manufactures of instant noodles should consider nutritional aspects in product development processes.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to understand the influence of instant noodle's selection attribution on satisfaction and to empirically analyze whether or not grade (elementary schoolchildren, middle school students, high school students) plays a moderating role in the relationship between selection attribution and satisfaction. Further, this study examined the differences in demographic characteristics among two groups of subjects divided by instant noodle's selection attribution. Based on a total of 1021 samples, this study verified a total of 3 hypotheses using the SPSS program. Data were analyzed by frequency analysis, chi-square, t-test, factor analysis, reliability analysis, cluster analysis, discriminant analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis. Results of the study were as follows. There were three different instant noodle's selection attributions among the children and adolescents investigated: internal element, external element, and company reliability. The multiple regression results show that internal element (=.391), external element (=.239), and company reliability (=.063) among customers' selection attributions had significant positive effects on satisfaction. In addition, the effect of selection attribution upon satisfaction was partially moderated according to grade. Further, cluster analysis divided subjects into two groups according to instant noodle's selection attribution: high-selection group vs. low-selection group. The wo groups of subjects classified by instant noodle's selection attribution were also different from each other in demographic characteristics. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.232-239
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Increased consumption of instant noodles has recently been reported to be positively associated with obesity and cardiometabolic syndrome in South Korea, which has the highest per capita instant noodle consumption worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the association between instant noodle consumption and cardiometabolic risk factors among college students in Seoul. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study subjects consisted of 3,397 college students (1,782 male; 1,615 female) aged 18-29 years who participated in a health checkup. Information on instant noodle consumption was obtained from the participants' answers to a question about their average frequency of instant noodle intake over the 1 year period prior to the survey. RESULTS: Statistical analysis using a general linear model that adjusted for age, body mass index, gender, family income, health-related behaviors, and other dietary factors important for cardiometabolic risk, showed a positive association between the frequency of instant noodle consumption and plasma triglyceride levels, diastolic blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose levels in all subjects. Compared to the group with the lowest frequency of instant noodle intake (${\leq}1/month$), the odds ratio for hypertriglyceridemia in the group with an intake of ${\geq}3/week$ was 2.639 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.393-5.000] for all subjects, while it was 2.149 (95% CI, 1.045-4.419) and 5.992 (95% CI, 1.859-21.824) for male and female students, respectively. In female students, diastolic blood pressure was also higher among more frequent consumers of instant noodles. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that frequent consumption of instant noodles may be associated with increased cardiometabolic risk factors among apparently healthy college students aged 18-29 years.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.306-310
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• 2007

가공식품 섭취에 의한 3-MCPD 위해평가를 위하여 시판 소스류와 라면 스프 중 3-MCPD 오염도를 분석하고 식이 노출량을 산출하였다. 2005년 8월에서 9월 사이 서울에서 유통되고 있는 소스류와 라면 제품을 각 25개씩 수집하고 GC/MS를 이용하여 3-MCPD 잔존량을 분석하였다. 6개 소스 시료에서 3-MCPD가 검출되었고 최대검출 수준은 0.045 mg/kg이었으며 3-MCPD 치대허용치인 0.3 mg/kg을 초과하는 제품은 없었다. 생산량 기준 1인당 소스 소비량을 이용하여 추정한 3-MCPD의 식이노출량은 $0.094{\mu}g/person/day$이었다. 분석된 라면 스프에서 3-MCPD가 검출되지 않아 3-MCPD 식이노출에 라면 스프의 섭취는 기여하지 않는 것으로 조사되었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.208-212
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• 1987

인스탄트 면제품의 영양강화와 고기풀의 이용도 증대를 위하여 인스탄트면제품 가공시 고기풀 $10\%,\;20\%,\;30\%$를 각각 첨가하여 그 품질을 조사하였다. 그 결과를 요약하먼 다음과 같다. 제품의 단백질 함량은 고기풀 $10\%$ 첨가시에는 $1.5\%,\;30\%$를 첨가한 때는 $4.4\%$까지 단백질 량을 증대시킬 수 있었다. 특히 밀가루에 부족한 lysine은 명태 냉동고기풀을 $20\%$ 첨가하여 무첨가 면제품에 비해 $333.2mg\%$가 증가하여 2.5배 정도 강화 효과가 있었다. 조리후 면의 중량과 부피 및 경도는 고기풀의 첨가량이 많을수록 증가하는 경향을 보였고 국물의 탁도와 면발의 인장력은 반대로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 관능검사 결과 고기풀의 첨가량이 증가할수록 향미와 색택은 무첨가 제품에 비해 높은 기호도를 보였고 조직감에 있어서는 고기풀 $10\%$ 첨가수준에서 기호도가 가장 높았다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.478-483
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• 1992

인스탄트 메밀국수가 백서의 소화율, 성장율 및 조직내 지질함량에 미치는 효과를 검토할 목적으로 정제사료에 탄수화물원으로서 설탕, 인스탄트 소맥면 및 메밀면 (소맥분중 10 및 30% 함유) 섭취군으로 4군으로 나누어 4주간 사육하였다. 체중증가량 및 식이섭취량은 설탕섭취군보다 다른 3군에서 유의하게 높았으나, 실험군사이에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 본 연구에서의 식이 탄수화물원의 차이는 조소화율에 유의한 영향을 주지 않았다. 혈청 및 간장의 콜레스테롤 농도는 각군간 유의한 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 혈청 및 간장의 중성지질의 농도는 메밀면 섭취군에서 낮은 경향을 보였으나 유의한 차이는 없었다. 이러한 결과는 인스탄트(알파화) 메밀면(30% 함유)은 다른 주요 영양성분의 소화율에 장애를 주지 않으며, 완만하게 중성지질을 낮추는 효과가 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.523-530
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to develop a technology commercialization strategy by analyzing the consumer preference for low-sodium instant noodle ramen, which has a sodium content of 1,730 mg or less. For the commercialization of such low-sodium ramen, this study examined how much consumers would pay through an analysis of consumer preference by conjoint analysis. This study surveyed 1,004 men and women in their 20 s and 50 s between the ages of 20 and 50 years in Korea using an online survey. If the price of conventional instant noodle ramen is KRW 4,000 (approximately USD 3.57) per 5 packs for one pack of 5 servings in a supermarket, this study surveyed how much more they respondents would pay if the sodium was reduced by 10.0, 20.0, and 30.0%. The study found that if sodium was reduced by 10.0, 20.0, and 30.0%, the respondents would pay as much as KRW 4,180, KRW 4,307, and KRW 4,515, respectively. The attributes of low-sodium instant noodle ramen were examined according to the degree of sodium reduction, vegetable protein ingredients, brand, where to buy and price with each level. The Marginal Willingness To Pay (MWTP) was analyzed as follows. If the sodium content of ramen soup is reduced by 1.0%, the amount that can be paid would be KRW 105.78. Respondents could pay KRW 1,673 more for famous brand ramen than an unknown brand ramen. The study results indicated that when a new product is developed and released, it can be expected to increase sales of the new product by understanding the foreseeable value that consumers could pay for and realize the technological commercialization of the technology.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.35-37
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate lipid content, melting point, refractive index, fatty acid composition and energy intake from lipid of commercial fried instant noodles. Sixty five samples were collected in Seoul area, and analyzed. The average of lipid content was 16.7%, melting point and refractive index were 29$^{\circ}C$ and 1.46, respectively. The fatty acid composition mainly consisted of C16:0, C18:1 and C18:2. The ratio of P/M/S in fried instant noodles was 0.19 : 0.77 : 1.00. The average energy intake from lipid of 100g fried instant noodles was 150.3kcal.