• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.251-262
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• 1980

Two Neanurid species of Collembola, Lobella minuta n. sp., and Morulina triverrucosa Tanaka, 1978 were identified from collections of South-Western part of Korea. They were, in addition, confirmed to be genera of new record to the country. From their common structure of simple mouth parts it was postulated that they may have both hypertrophy and polytene development of salivary glands in the light of early evidences by Cassagnau. These assumptions were tested for the above two Korean species using cytological and histological techniques. The results of the investigations have proved to be positive for the postulations, thus supporting hypothetical correlations of simple mouth parts with polytene development, irrespective of taxa, not limited to Neanurini as indicated in early works. However the structurization of the polytene chromosomes was shown of different extent between the two, i.e., in Lobella minuta, clearly more differentiated than in Morulina triverrucosa in spite of the strong similarity of mouth parts, which are to be seen as a distinct convergence from two tribes, Neanurini and Morulini. It remains to be studied consequently to know whether there as any factor other than mouth part structure affecting polytene development and also if the parallelism among a few different taxa of mouth parts would be the case with polytene development of salivary glands either.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.145-151
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• 2002

Phylogenetic signal present in the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16S rDNA) and the nuclear large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (28S rDNA) was explored to assess their utility in resolving family level relationships of the superfamily Tephritoidea. These two genes were chosen because they appear to evolve at different rates, and might contribute to resolve both shallow and deeper phylogenetic branches within a highly diversified group. For the 16S rDNA data set, the number of aligned sites was 1,258 bp, but 1,204 bp were used for analysis after excluding sites of ambiguous alignment. Among these 1,204 sites, 662 sites were variable and 450 sites were informative for parsimony analysis. For the 28S rDNA data set, the number of aligned sites was 1,102 bp, but 1,000 bp were used for analysis after excluding sites of ambiguous alignment. Among these 1000 sites, 235 sites were variable and 95 sites were informative for parsimony analysis. Our analyses suggest that: (1) while 16S rDNA is useful for resolving more recent phylogenetic divergences, 28S rDNA can be used to define much deeper phylogenetic branches; (2) the combined analysis of the 16S and 28S rDNAs enhances the overall resolution without losing phylogenetic signal from either single gene analysis; and (3) additional genes that evolve at intermediate rates between the 16S and 28S rDNAs are needed to further resolve relationships among the tephritoid families.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.178-189
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• 2007

We surveyed the moth fauna on Is. Aphae-do, Sinan-gun, Jeollanam-do from March to September 2006 to investigate moth diversity and basic faunal data for ecosystem change on the Island. Three hundred thirty-nine moth species, which comprised 16 families and 241 genera, were recognized. The most dominant species was a pyralid moth, Endotricha olivacealis (116 indivs.). Common species included Chiasmia hebesata, Agnidra scabiosa, and Sophta ruficeps. Two hundred-one species (59.2%) were collected only once during investigation period. The family Noctuidae with 129 species was dominant in the area followed by Geometridae (81 species) and Pyralidae (38 species). Based on number of collected individuals, Geometridae was highest and followed by Noctuidae, Pyralidae and Sphingidae.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.88
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• pp.7-25
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• 2008

In order to accumulate the basic informations to assess the scientific and natural values of the Hoe-ok Cave located in Mountain Chi-ak, Seong-nam 2 ri, sin-rim myeon, the distribution of the species in the cave were investigated from November 2004 to June 2005. The results are as follows. The species identified in the Hoe-ok Cave were 34 species, 28 family, 18 order, 8 classes. The dominant species were the 14 species(41.2%), 11 family, 7 order in the Class of Insecta. The ecological distribution of the Heo-ok Cave, 8 species(23.5％) of troglobite, 7 species of troglophiles(20.6％), 19 species of trogloxenes(55.9％) were found and the share of the species indigenous to the cave among the population was 44％, and the species which came out of the cave occupied the larger portion among the populations inside the whole cave.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.336-343
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• 2021

Fumigation of fruits and vegetables during quarantine and pre-shipment(QPS) treatment should be effective with a shorter fumigation time to minimize phytotoxicity. In this research study, a shorter fumigation time, 2 hours exposure which is shorter than that of the current commercial fumigation procedures using a lower dose of ethyl formate (EF) mixed with phosphine (PH₃) on strawberry was investigated. The reciprocal effect between EF and PH₃ against nymphs and adult Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Tetranychus urticae (Koch) was evaluated. In addition, L(Ct)₅₀ and L(Ct)₉₉ of EF only and EF mixed with PH₃ were analyzed at 5℃ and 20℃. The synergistic ratio (SR) of L(Ct)₅₀ and L(Ct)₉₉ for the nymph and adult stages of M. persicae were >1.0, which indicated a synergistic effect between EF and PH₃. However, the SR values of L(Ct)₅₀ and L(Ct)₉₉ of the nymph and adult stages of T. urticae were ≤1.0 indicating that there was no synergistic effect between the two fumigants against T. urticae. Our results showed that the reciprocal effect between EF and PH₃ has different effects on M. persicae and T. urticae. This could be attributed to the biological and physical differences between the class Arachnida and Insecta. The synergistic effect between EF and PH₃ against M. persicae within a shorter exposure period and without phytotoxicity on fruits and vegetables will significantly benefit the horticultural industry.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.190-203
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• 2021

Water quality, benthic macroinvertebrate communities, and other factors were investigated to explore the effects of the effluent discharge from a sewage treatment plant into Jwagwang stream in Busan in 2019. During the study period, the flow rate of this stream was in the range of 10,400 m³/day to 52,200 m³/day except for the discharge of about 24,000 m³/day of the effluent. After discharge, the flow velocity increased by about 65% and the water depth increased by about 40%. At sites downstream of the discharge point, BOD, COD, TOC, T-N, T-P, and other water quality values were worse than those of the upstream sites. The periphytic algal chlorophyll-a concentrations in the natural substrata were higher than those of the upstream sites, especially in May and August. However, at sites downstream of the discharge point, the individual numbers of Annelida were decreased and individual numbers of the insecta of arthropoda were increased. Also, species numbers and the diversity and dominance indexes were improved in the sites downstream of the discharge point. The functional feeding groups (FFGs) of collector-filterers were increased and the habitat orientation groups (HOGs) of sprawlers, burrowers, and clingers were especially increased at the sites with additional reclaimed wastewater effluent flow. Regardless of the effluent discharge, BMI, an indicator of ecological stream health using benthic macroinvertebrate species, did not show large gaps between the study points. Although the water quality of the sites downstream of the discharge point was much worse than those upstream, their ecosystem soundness was better than those of the upstream sites from an ecological perspective.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.342-354
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• 2021

Purpose: Obesity is a serious public health issue for the modern society and is considered a chronic health hazard. There are many surgical and pharmacological approaches to treat obesity. However, various potentially hazardous side effects remain the biggest challenge. Therefore, diets based on foods derived from natural products have gained increasing attention compared to anti-obesity drugs. Recently, research on edible insects as a food source has been a topic of considerable interest in the scientific communities. This study examined the anti-obesity effects of ingesting an edible insect by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse models with a diet containing Tenebrio molitor larvae powder (TMLP). Methods: Six-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were divided into 4 groups according to treatment: 100% normal diet (ND), 100% HFD (HFD), HFD 99% + TMLP 1% (TMLP), and HFD 97% + TMLP 3% (TMLP 3%). TMLP was added to the HFD for 6 weeks for the latter two groups. Results: Compared to the HFD group, mice in the TMLP group showed weight loss, and micro-computed tomographic imaging revealed that the volume of the adipose tissue in the abdominal area also showed significant reduction. After an autopsy, the fat weight was found to be significantly reduced in the TMLP group compared to the HFD group. In addition, the degree of fat cell deposition in the liver tissue and the size of the adipocytes significantly decreased in the TMLP group. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis for the mRNA expression of adipogenesis-related genes namely CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBP-β, C/EBP-δ), and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) showed that the expression levels of these genes were significantly reduced in the TMLP group compared to the HFD group. Serum leptin level also decreased significantly in the TMLP group in the comparison with the HFD group. In addition, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose levels in mouse serum also decreased in the TMLP group. Conclusion: Taken together, our results showed that TMLP effectively inhibited adipocyte growth and reduced body weight in obese mice.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.15-28
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• 2022

Neuropeptides produced in neurosecretory cells are the largest group of insect hormones. They regulate various physiological functions, such as fat body homeostasis, feeding, digestion, excretion, circulation, reproduction, metamorphosis, and behavior throughout all life stages. The PRXamide peptide family (X, a variable amino acid) is a well-characterized neuropeptide component with a common amino acid sequence, PRXamide (NH₂), at the C-terminal end conserved across Insecta. The PRXamide peptides are classified into three subfamilies, each having diverse biological roles in insects: (1) pyrokinin (PK) includes the pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) and the diapause hormone (DH), (2) the capability (CAPA) peptides, and (3) the ecdysis-triggering hormone (ETH). PBAN as a member of PK subfamily was first identified to stimulate pheromone biosynthesis in moths three decades ago. Since then, PBAN peptides have been extensively studied by various research groups from a broad spectrum of arthropods. In this paper, we briefly review insect PBAN molecules with emphasis on gene structure and expression, signal transduction, physiological mechanism in sex pheromone biosynthesis, and application for pest management.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.623-631
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• 2022

The family Ptiliidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) has approximately 1,000 valid species in 100 recognized genera. Ptiliid beetles are readily collected from various habitats. They can be distinguished by feather-like hindwings and small body sizes. The genus Acrotrichis is the largest ptiliid genus. It contains almost a quarter of all ptiliids. In Korea, a single species of Acrotrichis lewisii (Matthews, 1884b) was recently reported in 2020. In this paper, we report two additional species, A. thoracica (Waltl, 1838) and A. grandicollis (Mannerheim, 1844) from the Korean Peninsula, collected during an assessment of biological variation in agricultural land of Jeju Island. Illustrations of habitus and diagnostic characters, distribution map and a key to Korean Acrotrichis species are provided.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.243-257
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• 2024

Although lakes are an important part of freshwater, research on biological methods for assessing ecological integrity of Korean lakes is insufficient. Therefore, this study aimed to develop Lakes Benthic Macroinvertebrates Multi-Metric Index (LBMMI) to assess the ecological integrity of lakes in Korea to further understand Korean lake's ecosystem. We used biological data from 388 sampling units of national lake monitoring programs from 2022 to 2023 and water quality data from Water Environment Information System (WEIS). As a result, firstly, reference points and disturbed points were selected through Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Secondly, six core metric elements (Pielou's Evenness index (J), Total number of taxa (To.t), Percent of taxa in insecta (% I.t), Percent of individuals in Oligochaeta and chironomidae(tuble) (% OliCht.i), Percent of taxa in Predator (% Pe.t), and Percent of taxa in Clingers (% CL.t) were selected through discriminant analysis and relationship-test. Lastly, LBMMI was calculated for each sampling point by scoring using core metric elements and five grades were assigned for LBMMI scores using a Beta probability distribution model, with the suitability of LBMMI reviewed by comparing it with TSI_KO. LBMMI developed in this study is expected to appropriately assess ecological integrity of Korean lakes and provide a basis for further research on lake environment conservation.