• 대한화학회지
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• 제59권5호
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• pp.434-444
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• 2015

탐구 중심 실험은 과학 지식에 대해 이해할 수 있는 기회와 과학의 본성에 대한 올바른 인식을 얻을 수 있는 기회를 제공한다. 본 연구에서는 중등 예비교사들이 탐구 중심 실험 수업에서 경험했던 어려움에 대하여 조사하고 분석하였다. 22명의 예비교사가 낮은 수준으로 문제를 해결하는 문제 해결 기반 탐구로 계획된 강의에 13주 동안 참여하여 탐구를 진행하였고, 이 과정에서 경험한 어려움에 대해 설문과 심층 면담을 통해 조사하였다. 예비교사들은 주로 실험 설계 과정과 자료해석 과정에서 어려움이 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 실험 목표에 대한 이해, 선지식이 부족하다는 인식, 탐구에 대한 자신감, 실험 도구 및 장비에 대한 이해 부족 등에서도 어려움이 나타났다. 연구 결과, 탐구에 대한 적절한 지도를 위하여 예비교사를 양성하는 기관에서는 충분한 탐구를 경험할 수 있는 환경을 조성하고, 체계적인 프로그램으로 지원해야 할 필요가 있음을 제안하였다.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.43-56
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of small group inquiry skills on improving science process skills and attitudes toward science in elementary school science. The research questions of this study were as follows. First, effects of small group inquiry skills on improving science process skills in elementary school science. Second, effects of small group inquiry skills on improving attitudes toward science in elementary school science. The subjects of this study is two classes from 6th grade elementary classes in Busan. The experiment class practiced small group inquiry skills, while the control class practiced self inquiry. To verify the effect of the experiment, ANOVA was conducted. The main findings of this study are as follows. First, the small group inquiry skills gave a significant influence on increasing the science process skills, including the basic science process skills and the integrated science process skills, of students. Especially, among subordinate factors of science process skills between groups, it was effective to increase abilities of observing, reasoning, interpreting data, formulating hypothesis. It is necessary for teachers to make an effort to teach according to steps of the small group inquiry skills and to support inquiry activities, in order to increasing the science process skills. However, frequency of additional lessons have a little influence on increasing the science process skills. Second, there is meaningful change in the attitudes toward science for those who studied the small group inquiry skills. Also, they affected subordinate factors of the attitudes toward science, like the attitudes toward science inquiry, the happiness about science class. This study shows that the small group inquiry skills give a positive influence on the science process skills and attitudes toward science in elementary school science.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.56-65
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to analyze the inquiry activities of SCIIS and Korea primary school science curricular meterials and to make suggestions for the improvement of inquiry learning based on the analysis The Scientific Inquiry Evaluation Inventory (SIEI: Myung Hur, 1984) was used to evaluate the inquiry activity content of the primary school "Science, Level-6" and "SCIIS, Level-6" textbooks. The results are as follows: 1) The inquiry activities of Korean science textbooks are stressing on gathering and organizing data, but rarely require students to formulate a hypothesis, to design an experiment. 2) The SCIIS textbooks relatively tended to put more weight on interpreting/ analysing data and hypothesizing/ designing experiments. 3)The Korean science textbooks had little concern about establishing hypothesis and designing experiments, interpreting / analysing data. 4) The SCIIS textbooks require students to perform a variety of inquiry skills when compare to Korean science textbooks. 5) Competition / Cooperation Scale checks the level of competition and cooperation among student teams inherent in science curricular materials. The result from each team is incorporated into the formation of a class result. The communication is required to formulate a synthesized class response, enhances cooperation among teams. The SCIIS(84%) is the higher than Korea(50%) in cooperation scale. 6) Korean science textbooks rarely require students to discuss about experiment when compare to SCIIS textbooks. 7) Korean science textbooks provide students with both inquiry problems and experimental procedure, or including answers SCIIS textbooks provide students with both inquiry problems and experimental procedure, or problems only. 8) The Korean textbooks emphasize demonstrating or verifying of the text while the SCIlS emphasize extending the content of the text in inquiry scope scsle. The inquiry pyramid which helps analysis the inquiry activity curriculum as a whole is one of type 1- the course is centered on gathering and organizing data. The SCIIS are better than the Korean science textbook in the light of proportion of interpreting / analysing data and hypothesizing / designing experiments.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.453-464
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• 2019

In this study, the types of inquiry activities in the $5^{th}$ & $6^{th}$ grade science textbooks according to the 2015 revised science national curriculum were analyzed and compared according to grade level and science area. Science textbooks for elementary school $5^{th}$ & $6^{th}$ graders contain quite diverse types of inquiry activities, which are student-centered inquiry activities. There were comparatively higher proportions of inquiry types such as experiment & observation and simulation, but relatively lower of inquiry types of investigation-discourse & presentation, discussion, expression. Elementary science textbooks are expected to cultivate science key competencies for elementary school students. Considering the science area, the motion & energy, substances, earth & space, and integration areas had the most experiment & observation among activity types, while the life area had the most simulation activities. Even in some area of the 6th grade science textbook, there was little or no data interpretation, discussion, and simulation activities. In order to achieve the goal of elementary science education, science textbooks should be developed considering the revision of future elementary science curriculum.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.321-328
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• 2005

In this study the effects of science teaming with the level of inquiry requirement in elementary school science experiment instruction were investigated on cognitive domain. We assigned seventy-three students of the fifth grade into two groups according to the levels of inquiry requirement. After each instruction was implemented, the characteristics of the students' tearning science on cognitive domain were compared and analyzed with the levels of them. The higher level (HL) inquiry-required instruction was more effective in increasing and maintaining the memory on the science teaming than the lower level (LL). Especially, in the aspects of the experimental methods and taking cares which the students engage and perform actively rather than do passively, the memory scores of HL group were higher than those of LL. In addition, the memory scores and the degree of maintenance were higher among students who perceived the instruction as easy and interesting. In conclusion, the HL of instruction could stimulate the students to challenge the problems, thereby make them construct meaning actively and improve the amount and degree of maintenance of memory on science teaming.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the actual state of teaching and learning methods which are applied to the vocation inquiry section-related subjects of the College Scholastic Ability Test(CSAT) by the teachers who teach specialized subjects of vocational high schools. In order for us to get the background and feature of establishment in the area of vocation inquiry section of the CSAT, previous studies and literature was analyzed and sample survey on the 600 teachers who teach the vocation inquiry section-related subjects was made. The result of this survey is as shown below; First, the teachers who are in charge of vocation inquiry section-related subjects understand that theory and practice is in the ratio 60.76:39.24 and ratio of theory is higher than that of practice. Second, teaching and learning method which is the most relevant to the vocation inquiry section is in the order of lecture(83.9%), experiment & practice(50.4%), computerized learning(41.1%). Third, teaching and learning method which is the most used by the teachers who are in charge of vocation inquiry section-related subjects is in the order of lecture(85.8%), computerized learning(50.1%), experiment and practice(44.4%). Forth, the most desirable teaching and learning method which the teachers who are in charge of vocation inquiry section for this subject believe is in the order of lecture(62.7%) experience & practice(47.7%), computerized learning(44.4%). In light of this result, even though there were not so much difference among the teaching-learning methods which are the most consistent with the contents of the subject in relation to the vocation inquiry section, the most used teaching-learning method by the teachers who teach vocation inquiry section-related subjects and the most desirable teaching-learning method which the teachers who are in charge of vocation inquiry section believe, the most used teaching-learning method by the teachers who are in charge of the vocation inquiry section is lecture. Therefore, it is necessary for us to reinforce the contents in relation to the practice & experiment so that the experience and application can be accumulated and improved through practice which is the specialty of the course of the study in the vocational high school and various teaching and learning method should be developed in consideration of contents of the subject, capability & quality of the learners and status of a classroom.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.633-644
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• 2003

제 7차 교육과정에 의한 화학 I 교과서 탐구영역에서 활용 가능한 탐구 요소들을 조사，분석하여 화학 I 교과서의 제 7차 과학 교육과정 반영 정도와 탐구 학습의 교육적 시사점을 찾고자하였다. 교과서 탐구 영역의 분석은 제 7차 과학 교육과정에서 제시한 탐구 요소들을 기준으로 하였다. 전반적으로 볼 때 제 7차 화학 I 교과서의 탐구 영역 에 기초 탐구 요소는 측정， 분류를 제외하고는 비교적 고르게 반영되어있다. 그러나 통함 탐구 요소는 자료 해석의 비율이 절반을 넘으며， 자료 변환， 결론 도출， 문제 인식은 어느 정도 활용가능하나 그 외의 통함 탐구 요소의 비율은 매우 작다. 탐구활동도 견학과 과제연구 비율은 거의 없거나 이주 작다. 제 7차 과학 교육과정에서는 다양한 탐구 학습 을 강조하고 있음으로， 위와 같은 통합탐구 요소와 탐구 활동의 편중성을 보완할 수 있는 방향으로 탐구 학습을 운영해야 할 것이다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.80-93
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• 2010

이 연구에서는 확산을 이론적으로 정리하고, 확산에 관한 탐구실험을 개발하여 예비교사의 확산에 대한 이해를 조사하였다. 이 탐구실험을 수행한 3개 대학의 41명을 대상으로 설문조사를 하였고, 이 중 20명이 면담에 참여했다. 탐구실험을 수행하는 과정에서 3개 모둠에서 6명의 실험과정을 녹음, 녹화하였다. 예비교사의 개념에 대한 이해를 돕기 위해 면담과 녹음자료의 전사본, 보고서와 설문지, 확산에 대한 시험 답안지를 분석하였으며, 공동연구자와 결과에 대해 논의하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 분출과 확산 그리고 확산 중 등압확산과 등유량확산에 대해서 논의하였다. 둘째, 예비교사들은 분출과 확산 등을 Graham의 확산속도법칙에 의해 기계적으로 이해하고 있었으며 대부분의 학생들이 확산에 대한 오개념을 가지고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 셋째, 탐구실험과정에서 예비교사들은 등압 및 등유량의 두 가지 확산실험에 대해 직접 관찰하였으나, 대부분의 경우 두 실험의 개념적 차이를 구별하는데 실패하였다. 탐구실험 후, 확산에 대한 개념의 수정이 이루어진 예비교사는 약 40%였다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.201-214
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 학생들의 자유 탐구 활동에서 나타나는 실험 모델링의 특징을 탐색하였다. 연구는 '학교과학탐구'라는 주제로 이루어진 3년의 연구 과제 수행에서 기수집한 자료를 '실험 모델' 관점에서 재해석한 것이다. 4명의 학생들로 구성된 1개 소집단이 7회에 걸쳐 수행한 탐구 활동을 녹화하고 녹음한 파일을 주된 자료원으로 하였으며, 녹화 및 전사본을 해석적인 방법에 따라 분석하였다. 문제 상황으로부터 출발하여 이를 해결하고 마무리되는 과정을 포괄하는 것을 모델링 단위로 볼 때, 학생들의 활동은 3개 실험 모델링 단위로 구분되었다. 연구의 결과는 각 모델링 단위에서 분산인지체계로서 실험 모델링의 역동적 과정과 특징을 조명하고 교육적 의미를 논하는 것을 포괄한다. 구체적으로는 첫째, 학생과 실험도구 그리고 그들 사이의 상호작용으로 나타나는 원시적 형태의 계산은 실험 모델링을 구성하는 분산인지체계의 중요한 요소로 드러났다. 둘째, 초기에 학생이 도구에 익숙해지는 비언어적인 활동이 이루어졌으며, 그 활동이 충분히 이루어졌을 때 언어적인 양적 기호가 창출되었다. 창출된 양적 기호는 이후 활동에서 참고할 수 있는 데이터와 자신감의 원천이 되었다. 셋째, 도구의 전용화가 발생하였으며, 변인통제와 같이 기존의 과학 탐구에서 중요하게 다룬 요소들이 나타났다. 연구의 결과는 기존의 과학교육에서 주목받지 못했던 실험 모델링의 특징을 학생 활동을 통해 펼쳐 보임으로써, 설명 모델 중심으로 이루어져왔던 과학교육 연구와 교육에 새로운 시사점을 제공한다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.452-458
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• 1995

Science textbooks are very important materials in order to know elementary science learning in Japan and Korea. In this research the 5th grade science textbooks in Japan and Korea are analyzed by an analyzing category. The analyzing category is consisted of knowledge and scientific inquiry. Knowledge is divided by fact, concept, and rule. Scientific inquiry is divided by problem cognition, variable control, experiment planning, observing, measuring, categorizing, inferring, data transformation, predicting, correlation, cause and effect, result, communication, which are 13 subcategories. Analyzing methods are counting the frequency of each subcategory and tabulating the data. The results of this study are: 1. The frequency of scientific inquiry appeared in Korean 5th grade science textbooks is three times more than that in Japanese textbooks. 2. In scientific inquiry category, Japanese science textbooks emphasized observing, predicting, measuring and problem cognition; Korean science textbooks emphasized experiment planning, observing and problem cognition. 3. In knowledge category, fact subcategory is mostly emphasized in both countries.