• 대한지구과학교육학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.101-111
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics and proprieties of the granite observing results in the 4th grades elementary students' scientific inquiry activities. For this, the 4th, 94 students participated in granite observing activity which had objects to collecting applicable scientific facts for the distinguishing granite among the volcanic rocks. Following are the study results. First, the 829s of total results (879s) were admitted as the facts, but the rest, 50s were not the facts but the inference results. Second, the 542s results which were related to the shape, weigh, size, smell, sound, and touch (feeling) containing glittering of the rock specimen were the useless for the inquiry objects. And only the 85s results were the scientific facts which were deserved the admitting propriety for the inquiry objects. Third, the 185s results which were targeting to the particles (minerals) on the rock specimen were the admitting facts, but the 163s facts which were related to color, size and shape of the particles were deserved as admitting propriety for the inquiry objects. Consequently, the focusing on the proprieties of the granite observing results in the elementary students' scientific inquiry activities, only the 248 results (28.2%) of the total 879s were the admitting proprieties as the meaningful scientific facts in the scientific inquiry activities.

• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.274-287
• /
• 2000

본 연구는 제 6차 교육과정에 의해 개편된 4종의 공통과학 교과서(물질단원)의 내용분석을 통해 전체 구성이 어떻게 되어 있는지를 조사하고 6차 교육과정에 중점을 둔 탐구활동을 탐구 내용 영역, 탐구 과정 영역 및 탐구 상황 영역으로 구성된 3차원 분석틀을 이용하여 분석하였다. 4종의 공통과학 교과서에서는 풍부한 학습자료와 읽을거리를 제공하여 학생들에게 흥미 있는 교과서가 되도록 하고 있었다. 3차원 분석틀 중 탐구 내용 영역 분석에서는 교육과정 목표에서 제시하는 내용을 다양한 탐구활동을 통해 다루고 있었으며 탐구활동의 횟수도 교과서당 평균 16회 정도로 각 교과서의 탐구 활동 횟수가 유사하였다. 탐구 과정 영역의 분석에서는 자료해석 및 일반화가 39.1%, 관찰 및 측정이 30.8% 로 대부분올 차지하고 있어 공통과학 교과서의 기본 목표에서 볼 때 상위의 탐구과정 요소의 반영 비율을 좀 더 높여야 할 것으로 보인다. 탐구 상황 영역의 분석에서는 과학적 상황이 81.3% 로 대부분을 차지하였으며 현대 과학 교육의 주요한 교육운동인 STS 관련 내용은 18%에 불과하여 아직은 미흡한 것으로 나타났다.

• 핵의학기술
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.193-195
• /
• 2009

Purpose: The work flow of international hospital's laboratory consists of rapid test and result report at the present day. However, the frequent inquiry of sample, which cause affairs to delay and efficiency to Lower, affects medical examination. In order to promote work's efficiency, we should improve the problem and make work smooth between a laboratory, outs and ward. Materials and Methods: This study runs as follows. First, Investigating test result, test schedule, test receipt, quick result, etc through the activity required from September to November 2007 about the inquiry of sample. After analysis of the problem in December, remaking the test schedule for improvement solution and reporting it to outs and ward. When the result is retest and dilution, we directly fill in a result space with the result situation of the patient to let them know beforehand. We also, prevent the omission of the result through checking the sample list and discriminate in vivo from in vitro by changing the laboratory's telephone number. We have improved the problem about the inquiry of sample through valuation and analysis since the improvement activity from January to March 2008. Result: The case about the frequent inquiry of sample has reduced by 57.8%. this improvement activity indicated that p-value<0.05 was statistically significant through paired t-test. This activity make study smooth and we rapidly report the result. Conclusion: By reducing the case regarding the inquiry of sample, work discontinuation, and concentration reduction, the work efficiency was increased.

• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.116-125
• /
• 1995

This study is to consider hypotheses with integral view on the respect of creative thinking. Subjects of this study are Korean students in the 5th grade who participated in the Field Trip Contest of the second Korean Youth Science Festival, an openended inquiry investigation. Objectives of this study are as follows: 1) to measure the inquiry level of the Field Trip Contest activity 2) to find how many hypotheses were made on different types in the inquiry investigation 3) to measure the quality level of hypotheses made in the scientific inquiry investigation 4) to find out the correlation between the 1st and 2nd hypotheses and the final activity score in the two staged scientific investigation In the consequence of it, inquiry level of the Field Trip Contest was very high with good activity topics and openended way of investigation. Hypotheses were made in the prediction, plan, and conclusion parts in the field trip activity report. They used hypothesis-as-prediction typed statements(3.41/team) more than hypothesis-as-explanation(1.28/team) and descriptive hypothesis(0.03/team) types. Content-related hypothesis(5.03/team) and process-related hypothesis(6.16/team) were usually coupled each other. Most of them had difficulties in hypothesis-from-evidence(0.31/team, 10/32 teams) in the comparison of hypothesis-from-simple conjecture(10.62/team). The quality level of content-related hypotheses(0.74point/statement) and process-related hypotheses(1.98point/statement) were very low by the hypothesis-quality scale(Quinn and George, 1975) for the content-related hypotheses and the process-related hypothesis quality scale developed in this study. There was considerable correlation between the activity score and the 1st and 2nd hypothesis in the 2 staged inquiry investigations with the 2nd and 3rd topics($0.41{\ast}$, $0.59{\ast}{\ast}$ repectively).

• 한국지구과학회지
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.349-360
• /
• 2018

This study analyzed variations of learning stress by comparing the salivary cortisol levels of students who participated in Earth Science inquiry activities. The cortisol concentrations between the pre- and post-inquiries of the sample of 34 university students, who had taken the course of 'Basic Earth Science and Experiments', were analyzed. The Earth Science inquiries consisted of geology and astronomy activities. The observational geology activities consisted of a session of 'structure contours and map patterns' and the cognitive astronomy activities consisted of a session of 'representations of horizontal and equatorial coordinates'. These Earth Science inquiry activities were found to cause students to have anxiety, and the thought processes that these activities involved were found to cause learning stress. The variations in cortisol concentrations of students increased by $1.6{\pm}5.9ng\;mL^{-1}$ after conducting observational activities in geology compared with $2.1{\pm}6.2ng\;mL^{-1}$ after doing cognitive activities in astronomy. The analysis of the observational activities in the geology inquiry activities indicated that they were consistent with low levels of learning stress. Conversely, the analysis of the cognitive activities in the astronomy inquiry activities showed significant individual variations in cortisol concentrations. Furthermore, individual differences in cognitive ability were reflected in the astronomy inquiry activities. While students, who received high scores, exhibited low levels of stress in the geology inquiry activities, they showed high levels of stress in the astronomy inquiry activities. It was concluded that, in the case of students with high scores in the study, the level of learning stress increased due to the raised anxiety in cognitive inquiry activities. In contrast, students, who received low scores in the study, exhibited high levels of stress in the geology inquiry activities, and low levels of stress in the astronomy inquiry activities.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.83-96
• /
• 2009

This article extracted feasible elements for an environmental education program from the 'Intelligent Life', an integrated subject of the 7th elementary school curriculum, and designed a program for second graders in the elementary school and applied it to them in order to examine how the students' environmental altitudes changed. In the controlled class, the instruction followed the lessons specified in the 7th national curriculum faithfully while for the experimental class 1, only the inquiry activity-based environmental education program was applied. Moreover, in experimental class 2, the inquiry activity-based environmental education program was implemented and wrap-up activity was performed as well with the products. To verify the program, questionnaires on the change of environmental altitudes were distributed and analyzed total three times in the pretest, posttest 1(right after the program), and posttest 2(30 days after the program). T-test was carried out with the SPSS 12 program to verify the effect of the applied program. To make up for the quantitative analysis, qualitative analysis was also conducted. The followings show the results gained after the program was implemented. First, This program showed a significant difference(p<.05) in the students' formation of environmental altitudes. Second, it was verified that the inquiry activity-based environmental education class that reorganized the second grade elementary students' 'Intelligent Life' subject had a more positive effect in the cultivation of environmental altitude than the class that followed the present curriculum as it was. It will be necessary to perform follow-up researches on the relativity between curricula for kindergarteners and lower grade elementary school students.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.285-297
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this research is to find the effect of the lesson using open-inquiry report Lubric on open-inquiry standard and science process skill; to find the change of cognition on open-inquiry for elementary school 5th grade students. Two classes (elementary school 5th grade) were selected which located in a small and medium-sized city for this research and they were separated as an experimental group and a comparative group. Open-inquiry lesson was done by referring teaching method which introduced through the curriculum. The procedure was understanding about open-inquiry, making open-inquiry subject, planning, and performing inquiry, mid-term, performing inquiry, making a report, presentation, and evaluation. Open-inquiry report Lubric which developed by Sook-Kyung Kim et al. (2010) was provided to the experimental group. Comparative group was instructed by using open-inquiry report which introduced to the elementary school 5th grade science text book. Interview paper was developed in order to check out the effect of the research by using a test paper of science process skill. The following could be found out through the research. After open-inquiry lesson, 10 open-inquiry reports(5 reports from experimental group, 5 reports from comparative group) have been drawn at random as samples from the total 62 sets (30 reports from experimental group, 32 reports from comparative group) and evaluated by a researcher and two elementary school teachers who have master degree. The reliability of the 3 scorers was 0.923 of mean correlation coefficient. And then the researcher evaluated all open-inquiry reports. The average score of open-inquiry report was 66.78 for experimental group, 54.27 for comparative group, respectively. And there was a significant difference at p<0.05 level as a result of the t-test. The experimental group rated high at p<0.05 level according to the analysis of post-science process skill test. According to the result of survey, both experimental group and comparative group had understood open-inquiry activity. It was especially rated high for experimental group on understanding scientific inquiry process, interest and satisfaction in open-inquiry and re-participation rate. By interviewing experimental group, it is recognized that the students utilized Lubric very well through the overall process. Finally, self-evaluation was done during open-inquiry activity and it was reported that the students gained more knowledge about science and changed to positive about science. As a result, the lesson using open-inquiry report Lubric was effective for students to improve writing skill of an open-inquiry report and science process skill and finally changed the cognition to positive about open-inquiry lesson.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.21-29
• /
• 2014

This study analyzed the inquiry activities in the 'matter' units from each science textbook for the fifth and the sixth graders developed by the 2007 revised national curriculum, using Practical Activity Analysis Inventory proposed by Millar(2009) to examine types of learning objectives, hands-on contents(what students have to do with objects and materials), minds-on contents(what students have to 'do' with ideas), and logical structure each activity had. The results of this study are as follows: First, most learning objectives of the inquiry activities seems to be suitable for the standards of 2007 revised national curriculum. Second, the standards of 2007 revised national curriculum are properly reflected in hands-on contents of inquiry activities. Third, minds-on contents of inquiry activities are well developed to meet the standards of 2007 revised national curriculum as a whole. Fourth, the logical structures of inquiry activities are mostly adequate for achieving the goals of the 2007 revised national curriculum. In the textbook for the fifth graders, however, all the activities are focusing too much on using students' current ideas to generate a prediction and collecting data to explore or test it. Based on these findings, this research has concluded that learning objectives, minds-on contents and logical structures of inquiry activities need to be designed carefully for students to be exposed to various activities when developing following textbooks.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제41권2호
• /
• pp.295-306
• /
• 2022

본 연구에서는 2022학년도부터 초등학교에서 과학 교과서가 검정교과서 체제로 변경되어 운영됨에 따라, 새로 개발된 초등과학 검정교과서 7종과 국정교과서의 탐구활동을 비교·분석하였다. 3차 교육과정부터 꾸준하게 강조해 온 '탐구활동'을 중심으로 검정교과서에 어떻게 반영되어있는지 등을 심층 분석하였다. 분석 대상은 지구과학 영역의 '지층과 화석' 단원을 선정하였고, 탐구활동 유형과 세부 탐구활동 유형 분석을 위하여 분석틀을 마련한 후, 교과서를 분석하였다. 첫째, 탐구활동의 전체적인 유형 분석을 위하여 6가지 탐구활동 유형(실험 관찰, 모의 활동, 조사 토의 및 발표, 자료 해석, 글쓰기 읽기, 표현하기) 분석 틀을 활용하였다. 그 결과, 국정교과서와 검정교과서에 제시된 7가지 탐구활동 중 2가지 탐구활동(여러 가지 지층 관찰하기, 과거 생물과 환경 추리하기)에서만 유형이 다르게 나타났다. 즉, 대체로 국정교과서의 탐구활동과 크게 다르지 않은 모습이었다. 이로써 탐구활동의 전체적인 유형 측면에서는 국정교과서를 활용할 때와 비교했을 때, 검정교과서의 도입을 통하여 교수 학습활동의 자율성과 다양성이 향상되었다고 하기에는 다소 무리가 있었다. 둘째, 세부 탐구활동 유형 분석을 위하여 탐구 기능, 소재, 탐구과정을 기준으로 선정하고, 중요 학습 요소와 관련한 탐구활동(지층의 형성 과정과 특성 알아보기, 퇴적암 생성 알아보기, 화석의 생성 알아보기)을 분석한 결과, 전체적인 탐구활동 유형 측면에 비해 더욱 다양성이 드러난 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이로써 7종의 검정교과서의 도입으로 동일하거나 비슷한 탐구활동 유형이지만, 소재, 탐구과정 범주에서 작은 변화들이 생겼고, 현장에서는 7개의 다양한 활동을 진행할 수 있게 되었음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 분석을 통하여 다음과 같은 시사점을 얻을 수 있었다. 첫째, 교육과정 체제가 바뀌지 않은 상태에서 검정교과서로의 체제 변환이 이루어짐에 따라 기존의 국정교과서의 커다란 틀을 벗어나는 것이 쉬는 일이 아니었을 것으로 판단된다. 둘째, 검정교과서 체제 변화로 인하여 기대되는 자율성과 다양성 향상을 위하여 교육과정 자체를 너무 세분화하여 제시하지 않는 등의 체제 마련이 필요하다.

• 과학교육연구지
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.304-316
• /
• 2021

이 연구의 목적은 소그룹 자유 탐구에서 학습자들끼리 서로의 탐구에 대해 비판적 의견을 제시하는 활동에서 학생들이 제시한 의견을 분석하는 것이다. 41명의 학생들이 한 학기 동안 자유 탐구를 수행하면서 탐구 계획 단계와 종료 직전 단계에서 비판적 의견 제시 활동에 참여하였다. 두 차례의 활동에서 각각 595개, 233개의 피드백이 제시되었으며, 탐구 과정을 토대로 한 범주로 분석하였다. 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 탐구 계획에 대한 의견 제시 활동에서 '문제인식 및 가설설정', '탐구 설계' 영역에 많은 피드백이 제시되었는데, 특히 '연구 문제 수정 및 추가', '연구 대상 및 조건', '변인 통제'와 관련된 의견이 많았다. 둘째, 탐구 수행 결과에 대한 의견 제시 활동에서는 '보고서 작성'과 관련된 피드백 의견이 많았으며, '탐구 설계' 영역에 대한 의견도 많이 제시되었다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 학생의 소그룹 자유탐구에서 비판적 의견제시 활동의 적용과 관련된 시사점을 논의하였다.