• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.12-20
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• 2011

The characteristics of absorption and accumulation of inorganic germanium in Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer were examined. In 4-year-old P. ginseng, the germanium content of the field soil increased with increased amounts and frequencies of inorganic germanium application, while chemical components of the soil, such as available phosphate and exchangeable calcium, potassium, and magnesium, decreased with the increased inorganic germanium application. In the 4-year-old P. ginseng, the germanium content was highest in the rhizome and increased in the order of stem, leaf, lateral root, and main root, suggesting that inorganic germanium was absorbed from the root and translocated to the stem and leaf via the rhizome. As for changes in ginsenosides in 4-year-old P. ginseng rhizomes, the contents of ginsenosides $Rb_1$, $Rb_2$, Re, and Rf decreased as the germanium content in soil increased. Ginsenosides $Rb_1$, $Rb_2$, Rc, Re, and Rf in the main root also decreased with increasing germanium content in the main root. The results suggest that inorganic germanium treatment may increase organic germanium in harvested P. ginseng, thus enhancing the medicinal effi cacy of ginseng products.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.87-90
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• 1995

A process of organically bound germanium preparation was developed for healthy food using inorganic germanium adapted Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Adaptations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae against inorganic germanium were successively carried out through stepwise increase of GeO$_{2}$ concentration in order to produce high quantities of germanium bound yeast. Productivity of yeast and quantities of germanium in yeast were obtained 70.2 g/l and 9780 ppm, repectively, when adapted yeast and fed batch culture were used. Germanium taken-up yeast is to be organically bound germanium by evidence of no difference of germanium content after dialysis.

• 분석과학
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.253-261
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• 1996

무기시료 중에 게르마늄의 DPP에 의한 미량 분석법이 연구되었다. 1, 2, 3-트리하이드 록시벤젠이 함유된 과염소산 용액 중에 게르마늄(IV)의 환원 피크가 -0.45V(기준전극 Ag/AgCl)에서 나타났고, 이 피크의 높이는 농도에 직선성을 보였다. 게르마늄 분석시에 감도 및 정밀도에 영향을 주는 인자들이 조사되었고, 최적 조건하에서 검출한계는 1ng/ml였다. 무기물 시료들은 potassium pyrosulfate를 사용한 용융법으로 분해하였다. 게르마늄 검출시 Se(IV), Pb(II), As(III)의 간섭에 대한 조사가 있었고, 이들 간섭은 10M HCl용액 중에서 $CCl_4$로 추출함으로써 해결할 수 있었다. 무기물 시료들 (Pb bf. dust, Cu bf. dust, 편마암, Cu anode slime)중의 게르마늄 함량은 위의 방법으로 정량되었다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.78-82
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• 2007

Since germanium has been shown to be beneficial for the treatment of diseases such as cancer and rheumatic arthritis, we developed an adapted process of bio-germanium preparation using inorganic germanium. In the present study we determined the optimal conditions for culturing yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (KCTC-1199), and the best concentrations of inorganic germanium for the adaptation process. The resulting method was successful at producing high quantities of germanium yeasts. The following are the culture conditions that obtained the highest level of productivity: an inorganic germanium concentration of 3,000-5,000 ppm, a pH of 6.5, a temperature of $35^{\circ}C$, and 20 hr of incubation time. In addition to this high-yield quantity study, we observed the acute oral toxicity of mice treated with Geranti Bio-Ge $Yeast^{(R)}$. We found no changes in body weight, or in the mortality between the control groups and the bio-germanium yeast group. There were also no digestive problems such as diarrhea that occurred in either group.

• 약학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.160-165
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• 2006

Germanium is found in a range of minerals and ores and is present in foods including beans, tomato juice, oysters, tuna and garlic. Germanium is a non-metallic element, which can exist in valence states of 2 and 4. Clinical trials and use in private practices for more than a decade have demonstrated organic germanium's efficacy in treating serious disease including cancer, arthritis and senile osteoporosis. But it was rarely reported that inorganic germanium has biological properties. STB-BM contains mineral complex, rare earth elements and a little amount of Inorganic germanium. The experiment was carried out the anti-obesity effect. To investigate anti-obesity effect of STB-BM, we measured the effect of body weight, fat weight (subcutaneous fat, epididymal fat, visceral fat, kidney fat and total fat) and serum biochemical level in rats fed high fat diets. STB-BM 35 mg/kg suppressed the increasing ratio of body weight, epididymal fat weight, visceral fat weight, total fat weight, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol (p<0.05).

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 1995

1. Ge는 명일엽(明日葉)이 일당귀에 비하여 2.1배 함유량이 더 높았다. 2. 분해 온도를 높이면 분해를 단시간에 할 수 있었으나 Ge 함량에 있어서는 낮은 온도로 분해할 때보다 낮았다 3. Ge 처리시 callus 형성은 일당귀가 명일엽(明日葉)보다 좋았으나 두 식물 모두 pH 5.7, 5.4, 6.0 순으로 좋았다. 명일엽(明日葉)에서는 일당귀와는 달리 pH 5.7에서 callus증식 중 신초형성이 많았다. 4. Callus형성에는 명일엽(明日葉)과 일당귀 모두 무기 Ge의 5 ppm까지 대체로 좋았으나 10 ppm부터 저해되다가 100 ppm에서는 거의 형성되지 않았고 유기Ge의 처리에서는 10 ppm까지 양호했고, 50 ppm부터 저해하지만 100 ppm에서도 다소 형성되었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.96-103
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to develop selenium (Se)- and germanium (Ge)-enriched rice by foliar spray application of organic or inorganic Se and Ge. METHODS AND RESULTS: The time and frequency of organic or inorganic Se and Ge treatment were performed at the five main growth stages as followings: effective tillering stage (E), maximum tillering stage (M), booting stage (B), heading stage (H), grain filling stage (G). The main treatment plots were consisted of (1) 'once' treatment (at each E, M, B, H, G stage, Se/Ge single apply), (2) 'twice I' (at H + G stages, organic or inorganic Se/Ge apply), (3) 'twice II' (at H + G stages, mixture apply of Se + Ge + pesticide). The organic or inorganic Se treatment concentration was 20 and 40 ppm, and the Ge was 50 and 100 ppm. The Se and Ge contents in rice grain (brown rice and polished rice) were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The highest Se content was noted in brown rice 'twice I' with Se 40 ppm (1394.06) at H + G stages, but the lowest was in 'once' with Se 40 ppm ($367.79{\mu}g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) at B stage. The highest of Se content in polished rice was found in 'twice I' of Se 40 ppm (1090.25) at H + G stages, but the lowest was in 'once' with Se 40 ppm ($403.53{\mu}g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) at E stage. On the other hand, The highest of Ge content in brown rice was found in 'twice I' with Ge 100 ppm (398.66) at H + G stages, but the lowest was in 'once' with Ge 100 ppm ($139.64{\mu}g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) at B stage. The highest of Ge content in polished rice was found in 'twice I' of Ge 100 ppm (300.29) at H + G stages, but the lowest was in 'once' with Ge 100 ppm ($142.24{\mu}g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) at B stage. CONCLUSION: Se and Ge contents both in brown rice and polished rice treated with organic Se and Ge forms were higher than those of inorganic Se and Ge. Overall results concluded that the supplementation of organic Se and Ge contents in brown and polished rice contents were comparatively higher than the inorganic Se and Ge. This is results also proved that the foliar spray application of organic Se and Ge has positive nutritive effect on the rice for regular consumption.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.39-43
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• 1996

생육과 게르마늄 흡수가 양호한 유기게르마늄 콩나물(Soybean sprout fortified with organogermanium)을 재배할 목적으로 Ge-132 {Bis(2-carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide)}를 사용하여 재배한 콩나물의 생육특성과 게르마늄 흡수량을 조사하였다. 유기게르마늄 콩나물과 일반콩나물의 생육특성 비교에서 처리시기별, 처리 횟수별, 게르마늄 종류에 따른 생육은 차이가 없었으나 품종간 콩나물의 생육특성 중 오리알태콩나물이 단엽콩나물보다 배축직경은 가늘고 총길이는 길었다. 담금시간의 차이에 따른 콩나물의 생장은 3시간 담금이 30분 담금보다 그리고 재배온도의 차이에 따른 콩나물의 생장은 $19^{\circ}C$에서보다 $24^{\circ}C$에서 각각 빨랐다. 콩나물의 게르마늄 흡수량은 단엽콩이 오리알태콩보다 높았고, 농도별 실험에서는 20mg/L처리구에서 가장 높았다. 또한, 콩나물의 게르마늄 흡수량은 처리기간이 길수록, 1일당 처리횟수가 많을 수록, 담금시간이 길수록, 재배온도는 $24^{\circ}C$일 때 높았으며, 무기게르마늄보다 유기게르마늄(Ge-132)의 처리가 게르마늄 흡수량이 높았다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.382-387
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• 2005

본 연구는 게르마늄 강화 효모의 제조 공정을 위한 최적의 조건을 잡고 제조된 게르마늄 강화 효모 내의 게르마늄의 결합 상태 확인을 목적으로 하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 균체와 게르마늄 용액 혼합 비율 1 : 0.5(50%)로 하여 균체와 게르마늄 배양시 최적 조건인 pH 6.5, 온도 $35^{\circ}C$ 그리고 배양 시간은 20시간 배양하는 것이 높은 함량의 게르마늄을 효모 균체 내로 유입시켜 게르마늄 강화 효모를 생산하였으며, 이의 배양 과정을 통해 생산된 게르마늄 강화 효모는 배양 과정 동안의 구조적 변화에 의해 효모 내에 유입된 무기 형태인 $GeO_2$ 게르마늄과는 다른 구조를 형성하고 있었다. 또한 NMR 및 FTIR 실험을 실시한 결과 게르마늄 강화 효모의 발효 과정에 첨가한 무기 형태의 $GeO_2$가 배양 과정 동안 균체 내에서 게르마늄이 유입되는 과정에서 게르마늄이 단백질(혹은 펩타이드)과 결합하여 구조에 변화를 형성하였으며, 인공위액 안에서 투석막을 이용한 투석 전후에 따른 게르마늄 총량에서 투석 전후에 따른 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 게르마늄 강화 효모는 생합성 기법을 이용하여 게르마늄을 강화한 유기 게르마늄 생산방법으로 배양 과정을 통해 구조적으로 안전한 유기 게르마늄을 형성하여 인공위액 조건에서도 해리되지 않는 것으로 보여지며, 각종 암, 성인병의 예방과 치료, 인체 면역력의 증진 등 건강 증진을 위한 새로운 기능성 원료로의 활용이 기대되며, 이에 대한 지속적인 연구가 사료된다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.181-190
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• 1985

To determine contents of inorganic elements of Ganoderma lucidum, the horn-shaped carpophores and the pileus of Ganoderma lucidum were incinerated and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometry. The ash contents of the pileus and the horn-shaped carpophore were 1.48% and 1.40%, respectively. The pileus contained calcium, magnesium, sodium, manganese, iron, zinc and germanium in that order. The horn-shaped carpophore contained magnesium, calcium, zinc, manganese, iron, copper and germanium in that order. To examine the protein-bound polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum for immunopotentiating activity, its fruit bodies were extracted with hot water. Purification of the extract was carried out by acetone precipitation and dialysis. The fraction obtained during the purification procedure consisted of a polysaccharide moiety (51%) and a protein moiety (5%). When the compound was administered intraperitoneally to the mice at a dose of 50mg/kg, it enhanced the accumulation of the peritoneal exudate cells, macrophage and polymorphonuclear leucocytes, thereby indicating immunopotentiation.