• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.113-120
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• 2008

Objectives: This study was evaluated to elucidate the inhibitory potential of Imyosan(IMS) and its components, Phellodendri Cortex(PC: Phellodendron amurense Rupr., Hwangbaek in Korean) and Atractylodis Rhizoma(AR: Atratylodes lancea D.C., Changchool in Korean), on human aortic smooth muscle cells(HASMC) migration and production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 by TNF-${\alpha}$ treatment. Methods: Cytotoxic activity of IMS and its components on HASMC was using 5-(3-caroboxy meth-oxyphenyl)-2H-tetra-zolium inner salt(MTS) assay. Effect of IMS, PC and AR on TNF-${\alpha}$-induced HASMC migration underside of matrigel filter was stained with hematoxylin-eosin. And total number of cells that migrated to the underside of the filter was counted. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity was evaluated by gelatin zymography assay. Results: The matrigel migration assay showed that IMS effectively inhibited the TNF-${\alpha}$-induced migration of HASMC. Moreover, IMS significantly inhibited MMP-9 activity. Our present study demonstrates that IMS and its components inhibit TNF-${\alpha}$-induced HASMC migration and MMP-9 activity. The inhibitory effect of IMS extract is more potent than that of its component herb extracts. Conclusions: These results provide evidence that IMS has multiple effects in the inhibition of HASMC migration and may offer a therapeutic approach to block HASMC migration.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.155-162
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was evaluated to elucidate the inhibitory potential of Bodusan (BDS) and its components, Strychnos ignatii semen (SIS) and Glycyrrhizae Radix (GR), on human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC) migration and production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 by $TNF-{\alpha}$ treatment. Methods : Cytotoxic activity of BDS and its components on HASMC was using 5-(3-caroboxymeth- oxyphenyl)-2H-tetra-zolium inner salt (MTS) assay. Effect of BDS, SIS and GR on $TNF-{\alpha}-induced$ HASMC migration underside of matrigel filter was stained with hematoxylin-eosin. And total number of cells that migrated to the underside of the filter was counted. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity was evaluated by gelatin zymography assay. Results : The matrigel migration assay showed that BDS effectively inhibited the $TNF-{\alpha}-induced$ migration of HASMC. Moreover, BDS significantly inhibited MMP-9 activity. Our present study demonstrates that BDS and its components inhibits $TNF-{\alpha}-induced$ HASMC migration and MMP-9 activity. The inhibitory effect of BDS extract is more potent than that of its component herb extracts. Conclusions : These results provide evidence that BDS has multiple effects in the inhibition of HASMC migration and may offer a therapeutic approach to block HASMC migration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.153-156
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• 2003

Backhole, which is one of geometric parameters in swirl coaxial injectors, is found to affect the inner flow motion and the acoustic characteristics of the swirl injector. In order to analyze the effect of the backhole as a damping device such as acoustic cavities of the combustion chamber, it was regarded as a Helmholtz or Quarter-wave resonator. As a result, it is known that the swirl coaxial injector with the backhole may produce the resonant frequency coincided with the frequency of the combustion chamber.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.31B no.4
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• pp.18-29
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• 1994

For the efficient recognition of Korean Alphabets, we proposed the tree structure algorithm which was based on K-tuple NRF-SDF using representative images as training images. Representative images consisted of ECP-SDF images of several consonants or vowels. To reduce the effect of sidelobe in the output correlation plane, we used the representative images as training images and obtained the elements of a vector inner product matrix using the peak value of AMPOF correlation of training images with one another. The proposed algorithm consisted of three main-step containing several substeps. In filter synthesis of each step, representative images were used as training images in the first and the second main-step and each consonant or vowel was used as training images in the third main-step. The performance of this algorithm is demonstrated by computer simulation and optical experiment.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.633-638
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• 2005

The extraction of a face is a very important part for human interface, biometrics and security. In this paper, we applies DCM(Dilation of Color and Motion) filter and Active Contour Models to extract facial outline. First, DCM filter is made by applying morphology dilation to the combination of facial color image and differential image applied by dilation previously. This filter is used to remove complex background and to detect facial outline. Because Active Contour Models receive a large effect according to initial curves, we calculate rotational degree using geometric ratio of face, eyes and mouth. We use edgeness and intensity as an image energy, in order to extract outline in the area of weak edge. We acquire various head-pose images with both eyes from five persons in inner space with complex background. As an experimental result with total 125 images gathered by 25 per person, it shows that average extraction rate of facial outline is 98.1% and average processing time is 0.2sec.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.398-408
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• 2023

This work developed a hood and filter for antibacterial protective clothing for medical powered air purifying respirators (PAPR) that can be used in medical settings and quarantine against infectious diseases such as Zika virus, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). The hood material of the protective clothing was made of polypropylene spunlace nonwoven fabric (SFS) was used for withstand wind pressure and external physcial pressure. Forthermore, in order to reduce the user's risk of infection, phytoncide-based materials were used on the outer-surface of the hood to achieve a 99.9% antibacterial effect, and the inner-surface were treated with hydro-philic materials to improve absorbency by 25%. In addition to evaluating the artificial blood penetration resistance, dry mi-croorganism penetration resistance, wet bacteria penetration resistance, and bacteriophage penetration resistance required for medical protective clothing hoods, it received a passing evaluation of levels 2-6. Meanwhile, as a result of evaluating the performance of the antibacterial treated spunlace high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter, excellent antibacterial properties, dust removal rate, and differential pressure effect were confirmed. All performance evaluations were conducted by an accredited certification body in accordance with the medical PAPR certification standards.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.362-367
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• 2003

It is shown that the effect of variable parameters on flame structures and NOx emissions in the laminar partially premixed methane-air flames with a co-axial Bunsen burner. Objectives of this paper is to understand the effects of flow variables on NOx emissions and the flame structure with OH chemiluminescence, including reconstructed image by abel inversion processing at each conditions. A fuel flowrate of 200 [cc/min] was fixed and the amount of air was varied from 400 to 1200 [cc/min]. The experimental variables were equivalence ratio(${\Phi}$ fuel split percentage(${\sigma}$ and inner tube recess(x/D). Flow conditions were ranged from $1.36{\sim}4.76$(equivalence ratio), $50{\sim}100$(fuel split percentage) and $0{\sim}20$(inner tube recess). NOx analyzer and ICCD camera with a OH filter were used as a main experimental apparatus. In addition, Abel inversion, which is a kind of tomography and valuable to estimate a two-dimensional structure of co-axial flames from cubical information, was employed for combustion diagnostics. Results from this study indicate that the main effects depend on equivalence ratio and next sigma, x/D for NOx production and OH formation. Throughout Abel inversion, we could affirm the maximum position and the tendency of OH radical intensity by variants at five axial heights above the burner exit.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.79-86
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• 2022

Many commercial air purifiers currently have deployed granular activated carbon (GAC) filters for removing volatile organic compounds in the indoor air. GACs are generally used to remove gaseous contaminants in the air through adsorption by the inner surfaces of pores. In addition, airborne particles can be also filtered by the surface adsorption of the GACs, which can improve the life-time of the particulate filters. In this study, the filtration efficiency of GACs to ultrafine particles through surface adsorption was investigated at different volume flow rates by deploying a continuous particle filtration system. The polydisperse sodium chloride (NaCl) particles were generated by a set of an atomizer and a diffusion dryer, and then mixed with particle-free air at different volume flow rates. The penetration of ultrafine particles and pressure drop for each experimental condition were measured to figure out the effect of the volume flow rate on the surface adsoprtion of the GACs to particles, ~ 2 mm. The particle filtration efficiency of the GACs decreased as the volume flow rate increased from 4 to 14 lpm. However, the 5 times thicker GAC filter layer decreased the penetration of ultraparticles than a preious study. The filtration efficiency of the single granule was also higher than the previous result in the literature with smaller granule filter materials.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.63-69
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• 2018

In this study, we report on successful attempt towards the synthesis of sulfur self-doped $g-C_3N_4$ by directly heating thiourea in air. The synthesized materials were characterized using UV-vis spectral technique, FT-IR, XRD and TEM analysis. Further, the obtained material shows an excellent detection of carcinogenic TNP(Tri nitro phenol) in the presence of 10-fold excess of various other common interferences. The strong inner filter effect and molecular interactions(electrostatic, ${\pi}-{\pi}$, and hydrogen bonding interactions) between TNP and the $S-g-C_3N_4$ Nano sheets led to the fluorescence quenching of the $S-g-C_3N_4$ Nano sheets with an excellent selectivity and sensitivity towards TNP compared to that of other nitro aromatics under optimal conditions and the detection limit calculated was found to be 6.324 nM for TNP. The synthesized nanocomposite provides a promising platform for the development of sensors with improved reproducibility and stability for ultra-sensitive and selective sensing of TNP.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.28
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• pp.239-253
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• 1996

The purpose of this dissertation is to exam-ine the hippie look which is one of the most popular fashion trends in the early 90s, in re-lation to the hippie style in 60s and cultural restoration. in order to investigate the re-lationship this dissertation studies the trans-feral phenomenon of anti-fashion into mother fashion in the basis of social and clutural theories. hippie culture is the anti-culture which appeared in America in the late 60s, it tried to create a new culture by subverting the ruling class culture with their combative life style and peculiar appearance which are distinguished from mother culture. First of all to examine the inner symbolic meaning and outer shape of the hippie style I divided the characteristics of the hippies into ideology social value and attitude on sex. in the aspect of ideology the hippie show strong subjectivity while mother culture shows ob-jectivity. in social value the hippie has the resisting chaacteristics while mother culture has the conformative characteristics. In the aspect of sex the hippie tries to break the fixed idea of mother culture. Hippie culture as anti-culture is symbolically expressed in hippie style fashion which is dif-ferent from mother fashion in shape. There-fore the inner meaning and the outer shape of the hippie style shows strong characteristics of anti-fashion. Hippie style as anti-fashion has an effect on high fashion in the late 60s and the early 70s and on hippie look which is restored in 90s. however hippie-look in 90s is a mother-fashion in which all symbolic mean-ings of the hippie style are weakened and the only outer shape of hippie style is presented and suggested. It doesn't show any cultural backgrounds ideology social value and new attitude on sex of the hippies. The transferal phenomenon of anti-fashion into mother-fashion is summarized as follows. First in the process of tranference to highfashion in 60s and 70s and hippie-look in 90s the resistance of the hippie style is weakened and only suggested through the outer look. Second the hippie style which reappeared in the high fashion and mother fashion in 90s are layered look military uniform mode flower print grunge look romantic look peasant look ethnic look gypsy style handicraft ornaments working suit style handicraft ornaments working suit style and the use of the see-through cloth. Third the fact that the popular and high fashion were influenced by anti fashion in 60s proves filter-up theory in fashion adaption theory. As I examined before the ideology of the hippies are faded in high fashion in 60s-70s and hippie-look in 90s. The symbolic meaning of the hippie style is also weakened and only presented as a fashion trend.