• Title/Summary/Keyword: initial risk

Search Result 853, Processing Time 0.039 seconds

Relationship between Nutritional Status and Clinical Outcome in 120 Hepatoma Patients (간암환자의 영양상태와 치료결과와의 관련성)

  • Han, Bu;Kim, Young-ok
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
    • /
    • v.13 no.5
    • /
    • pp.434-439
    • /
    • 2000
  • This study was conducted to investigate the association between initial nutritional status and treatment outcome of hepatoma patients. Initial nutritional status was measured based on weight, serum albumin and total lymphocyte counts. Treatment outcome was measured in the three categories such as complication, treatment status at discharge and mortality. The study subjects were 120 patients with hepatoma cancer admitted at a university hospital in Seoul. The information about initial nutritional status and treatment outcome was collected from medical records. Chi-square test was used to test the association between initial nutritional status and treatment outcome As a result. 76.6% of the subjects were classified as the nutritional risk group based on initial nutritional states. Prevalence of complication was higher in nutritional risk group I and II than that in non-risk group(p<0.05). Death rare of the nutritional risk group was significantly higher than that of non-risk group(p<0.001). The findings suggest the strong association between the initial nutritional status and treatment outcome of hepatoma cancer.

  • PDF

A study on the quantitative risk grade assessment of initial mass production for weapon systems (초도양산 군수품에 대한 정량적 위험등급평가 방안 연구)

  • Jung, Yeongtak;Ham, Younghoon;Roh, Taegoo;Ahn, Manki;Ko, Kyungwa
    • Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
    • /
    • v.46 no.3
    • /
    • pp.441-452
    • /
    • 2018
  • Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to study quantitative risk grade assessment for objective government quality assurance activities based on risk management in initial mass production for weapon systems. Methods: The Defense quality management regulations and foreign risk assessment documents are referred to analyze problems performing quality assurance actives. The failure rate data, maintainability and cost of products have been studied to quantify the risk Likelihood and impact. The analyzed data were classified as risk grade assessment through K-means Cluster Analysis method. Results: Results show that a proposed method can objectively evaluate risk grade. The analyzed results are clustered into three levels such as high, middle and low. Two products are allocated high, eleven low and seven middle. Conclusion: In this paper, quantitative risk grade assessment methods were presented by analyzing risk ratings based on objective data. The findings showed that the methods would be effective for initial mass production for weapon systems.

Comparison of Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis by Initial Endoscopic Severity in Caustic Injury (부식제 음독 환자에서 초기 내시경 소견의 중증도에 따른 임상 소견 및 예후 비교)

  • Lee, Sang Min;Choi, Woo Ik;Kim, Sung Jin;Jin, Sang Chan
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
    • /
    • v.13 no.2
    • /
    • pp.87-94
    • /
    • 2015
  • Purpose: We investigated comparison of clinical characteristics and prognosis by initial endoscopic severity in caustic injury and then discussed predisposing factors which can be helpful in predicting the prognosis and determining the treatment. Methods: This study was a retrospective review of medical records from patients over the age of 15, who underwent initial endoscopy for caustic injury from April 2007 through November 2014. Patients were classified according to two groups based on the initial endoscopic finding by Zargar's classification: patients with grade 0, I, IIa at esophagus (low risk group) and patients with grade IIb, IIIa, IIIb at esophagus (high risk group). The two groups were then compared. Results: A total of 55 patients were included (low risk group [n=44] vs. high risk group [n=11]). Old age (p<0.001), large amount of ingestion (p<0.05), oropharyngeal symptoms (p<0.01), high SOFA score (p<0.001), high WBC count (p<0.05), low base excess (p<0.01), and HCO3 (p<0.05) were statistically significant factors in the high risk group. A poor prognosis was observed for hospital stay (p<0.001), ICU admission (p<0.001), mortality (p<0.01), and stricture (p<0.001) in the high risk group. Conclusion: Clinical characteristics including age, amount of ingestion, oropharyngeal symptoms, SOFA score, WBC count, base excess, and $HCO_3$ can be helpful in the decision to undergo initial endoscopy and risk assessment by initial endoscopic severity can be helpful in predicting prognosis and determining the treatment plan.

  • PDF

PROBABILISTIC MEASUREMENT OF RISK ASSOCIATED WITH INITIAL COST ESTIMATES

  • Seokyon Hwang
    • International conference on construction engineering and project management
    • /
    • 2013.01a
    • /
    • pp.488-493
    • /
    • 2013
  • Accurate initial cost estimates are essential to effective management of construction projects where many decisions are made in the course of project management by referencing the estimates. In practice, the initial estimates are frequently derived from historical actual cost data, for which standard distribution-based techniques are widely applied in the construction industry to account for risk associated with the estimates. This approach assumes the same probability distribution of estimate errors for any selected estimates. This assumption, however, is not always satisfied. In order to account for the probabilistic nature of estimate errors, an alternative method for measuring the risk associated with a selected initial estimate is developed by applying the Bayesian probability approach. An application example include demonstrates how the method is implemented. A hypothesis test is conducted to reveal the robustness of the Bayesian probability model. The method is envisioned to effectively complement cost estimating methods that are currently in use by providing benefits as follows: (1) it effectively accounts for the probabilistic nature of errors in estimates; (2) it is easy to implement by using historical estimates and actual costs that are readily available in most construction companies; and (3) it minimizes subjective judgment by using quantitative data only.

  • PDF

Initial Risk Assessment System of Pesticides - A case study of captan, paraquat dichloride, and glyphosate - (농약의 초기위해성평가체계에 관한 연구 - Captan, Paraquat dichloride, Glyphosate에 대한 Case study -)

  • Lee, Yong-Ju;Kim, Kyun;Kim, Yong-Hwa
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
    • /
    • v.9 no.3
    • /
    • pp.214-220
    • /
    • 2005
  • Initial Risk assessments using physicochemical properties and acute toxicity are conducted to provide information for managers to decide the potential adverse effects and played as a tool for decision-making in development of new substances. In this study, we built initial risk assessment framework and carried out human and ecology initial risk assessment for three different pesticides of captan, glyphosate, and paraquat dichloride to confirm our framework. Two water estimation models of GENEEC (GENeric Estimated Environmental Concentration) and FOCUS (FOrum for the Co-ordination of pesticide models and their USe) were employed for pesticides exposure assessment. Application for paraquat dichloride and glyphosate uses shows very low human and ecology risk. On the other hand, high acute ecological risk was observed from the application for captan. These results showed good agreements with the U.S. EPA RED (Reregistration Eligibility Decision) reports verifying the framework of this study.

A Study on the Risk Identification Methods for Initial and Mass Production Stage of Military Products Using FMEA (FMEA를 활용한 군수품 초도 생산 및 양산 단계의 위험 식별 방안 연구)

  • Lee, Chang Hee;Yang, Kyung Woo;Park, Du Il;Lee, Il Lang;Kwon, Jun Sig;Choe, Il Hong;Kim, Sang Boo
    • Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
    • /
    • v.42 no.3
    • /
    • pp.311-324
    • /
    • 2014
  • Purpose: It can deduce improvement plan that recognizes any risk factors in initial production and mass production by using FMEA and through this process, the appropriate criteria for defence items can be established. Methods: It proposes two methodology - Apply DT/OT data achieved from the beginning mass production stage based on FMECA data of the design stage, to risk management, and risk management plan that reflected line and field faliure data in case of is offered. Results: It proposes the risk management plan through Bayesian method and the risk identification that considered MTTF estimated value in case of initial production process. In case of mass production process, both risk identification by using fault occurrence frequency scores and Byaesian method, In case of the Initial production and mass production, it proposes use both two methods. Conclusion: A more realistic risk identification method can be applied, and by this method the quality improvement effect is expected.

Risk Factors Predicting Unfavorable Neurological Outcome during the Early Period after Traumatic Brain Injury

  • Park, Jung-Eon;Kim, Sang-Hyun;Yoon, Soo-Han;Cho, Kyung-Gi;Kim, Se-Hyuk
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
    • /
    • v.45 no.2
    • /
    • pp.90-95
    • /
    • 2009
  • Objective : We aimed to identify clinico-radiological risk factors that may predict unfavorable neurological outcomes in traumatic brain injury (TBI), and to establish a guideline for patient selection in clinical trials that would improve neurological outcome during the early post TBI period. Methods : Initial clinico-radiological data of 115 TBI patients were collected prospectively. Regular neurological assessment after standard treatment divided the above patients into 2 groups after 6 months : the Favorable neurological outcome group (GOS : good & moderate disability, DRS : 0-6, LCFS : 8-10) and the Unfavorable group (GOS : severe disability-death, DRS : 7-29 and death, LCFS : 1-7 and death). Results : There was a higher incidence of age $\geq$35 years, low initial GCS score, at least unilateral pupil dilatation, and neurological deficit in the Unfavorable group. The presence of bilateral parenchymal lesions or lesions involving the midline structures in the initial brain CT was observed to be a radiological risk factor for unfavorable outcome. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age and initial GCS score were independent risk factors. The majority of the Favorable group patients with at least one or more risk factors showed improvement of GCS scores within 2 months after TBI. Conclusion : Patients with the above mentioned clinico-radiological risk factors who received standard treatment, but did not demonstrate neurological improvement within 2 months after TBI were deemed at risk for unfavorable outcome. These patients may be eligible candidates for clinical trials that would improve functional outcome after TBI.

A M-TYPE RISK MODEL WITH MARKOV-MODULATED PREMIUM RATE

  • Yu, Wen-Guang
    • Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
    • /
    • v.27 no.5_6
    • /
    • pp.1033-1047
    • /
    • 2009
  • In this paper, we consider a m-type risk model with Markov-modulated premium rate. A integral equation for the conditional ruin probability is obtained. A recursive inequality for the ruin probability with the stationary initial distribution and the upper bound for the ruin probability with no initial reserve are given. A system of Laplace transforms of non-ruin probabilities, given the initial environment state, is established from a system of integro-differential equations. In the two-state model, explicit formulas for non-ruin probabilities are obtained when the initial reserve is zero or when both claim size distributions belong to the $K_n$-family, n $\in$ $N^+$ One example is given with claim sizes that have exponential distributions.

  • PDF

Risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients of orthognathic surgery according to the initial onset time: a cross-sectional study

  • Emi Ishikawa;Takayuki Hojo;Makiko Shibuya;Takahito Teshirogi;Keiji Hashimoto;Yukifumi Kimura;Toshiaki Fujisawa
    • Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
    • /
    • v.23 no.1
    • /
    • pp.29-37
    • /
    • 2023
  • Background: A high incidence (40-73%) of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) has been reported following orthognathic surgery, and various risk factors have been associated with it. Identifying PONV risk factors based on initial onset time will help establish preventive measures. This study aimed to identify factors that are significantly related to PONV based on the initial onset time after orthognathic surgery. Methods: This study included 590 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors that are significantly related to PONV. The objective variables were classified into three categories: no PONV, early PONV (initial onset time: 0-2 h after anesthesia), and late PONV (initial onset time: 2-24 h after anesthesia). The explanatory variables included relevant risk factors for PONV, as considered in previous studies. Results: Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol was a significant depressant factor for early PONV (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.340, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.209-0.555) and late PONV (aOR = 0.535, 95% CI = 0.352-0.814). The administration of a combination of intraoperative antiemetics (vs. no administration) significantly reduced the risk of early PONV (aOR = 0.464, 95% CI = 0.230-0.961). Female sex and young age were significant risk factors for late PONV (aOR = 1.492, 95% CI = 1.170-1.925 and unit aOR = 1.033, 95% CI = 1.010-1.057, respectively). Conclusion: We identified factors that are significantly related to PONV based on the initial onset time after orthognathic surgery. Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol significantly reduced the risk of PONV not only in the early period (0-2 h after anesthesia) but also in the late period (2-24 h after anesthesia).

Improving a Risk-Averse Price-Fluctuating Inventory Model by Reallocating Initial Inventories (구매가격 변동 하에서 초기재고 재분배를 통한 위험회피 재고모형의 효율화)

  • Park, Chan-Kyoo
    • Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
    • /
    • v.38 no.2
    • /
    • pp.95-115
    • /
    • 2013
  • In traditional inventory models, purchase prices of raw materials are assumed to be fixed and have no effect on the optimal choice of inventory policies. However, when purchase prices fluctuate continuously over time, inventory costs are heavily affected by purchasing prices. Risk-averse inventory model decides order quantity and ordering time by considering not just purchase prices but also the risk from the discrepancy between estimated prices and realized prices. In this paper, we propose a myopic inventory policy which incorporates price risk into deciding ordering time and quantities. While the existing risk-averse model has no mechanism to reallocate inventories already purchased for a specific future period, the revised one reallocates initial inventories of each period to other future periods so that it can avoid purchasing raw materials at high prices. Experimental results demonstrate that the revised model outperforms the existing one in respect of total cost and variability.