• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2016

Seven phenolic compounds including p-coumaric acid (1), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (2), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (3), vanillic acid (4), luteolin (5), acacetin (6), and tricin (7), were isolated from the methylene chloride and ethyl acetate fractions of Echinochloa utilis grains. Compounds (1 - 4, 6) were isolated for the first time from this plant. These compounds were tested for inhibitory activities against LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells. Compounds 5 and 6 displayed significant inhibitory effects, with $IC_{50}$ values of $27.9{\pm}2.6$ and $14.0{\pm}1.1{\mu}M$, respectively. The results suggested that E. utilis ethanolic extract may be used as a potential source of anti-inflammatory agents and functional foods for the treatment of allergic diseases.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.988-994
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• 2010

The EtOAc fraction of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya showed mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory and radical scavenging activities. Four active compounds were isolated based on Sephadex LH-20 chromatography and HPLC, and the structures were elucidated, on the basis of their LC-MS and NMR spectral data, as 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-hydroxybenzofuran (1), eriodictyol-7-O-glucopyranoside (2), haginin A (3), and dalbergioidin (4), respectively. Compound (1) showed mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an $IC_{50}$ value of $5.2\;{\mu}M$ and acted as a competitive inhibitor. Furthermore, $37.3\;{\mu}M$ of compound 1 reduced 50% of the melanin content on human melanoma (MNT-1) cells. The radical scavenging activities of compounds 1, 2, 3, and 4 were shown to have $IC_{50}$ values of 11.0, 24.5, 9.0, and $36.5\;{\mu}M$, respectively, in an ABTS system and $IC_{50}$ values of 42.7, 36.0, 37.7, and $61.7\;{\mu}M$, respectively, in a DPPH system. The mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the EtOAc fraction of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya was contributed by compounds 1, 3, and 4, and its radical scavenging activity was contributed by compounds 1-4.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.245-253
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• 2020

Background: Research on hot water extracts of medicinal plants that are easily applicable in the clinical setting is essential. To confirm the anti-inflammatory-related active compounds present in the hot water extract of Eriobotrya japonica leaves, ability to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production was measured and active compounds isolated from the extract were analyzed. Methods and Results: Sovent fractionation by solvent was performed to identify the active compounds present in the hot water extract, and the ability of the extract and the fractions obtained to inhibit NO production was measured. Subsequently, based on the results of liquid chromatography (LC) profile analysis of the n-butanol fraction that had a relatively high inhibitory ability of NO production, six subfractions were separated around the main peak. Among the separated subfractions spectra from mass spectroscopy (MS) were analyzed and standard comparisons were performed on the compounds of the three main peaks on the chromatogram. NO production inhibitory activity of subfraction 2 identified as neochlorogenic acid was the highest with an IC₅₀ of 18.49 ㎍/㎖ followed by that of subfraction 5 identified as cryptochlorogenic acid with IC₅₀ of 25.82 ㎍/㎖. Conclusions: Our result, it was confirmed that several caffeoylquinic acids, including neochlorogenic acid and cryptochlorogenic acid present in the hot water extract of E. japonica leaves have an important role as compounds exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.509-516
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• 2018

노각나무(Stewartia koreana) 잎 에틸아세테이트 분획으로부터 quercetin (1), quercitrin (2), hyperin (3), quercetin-3-O-(6"-O-galloyl)-${\beta}$-D-galactopyranoside (4), kaempferol-3-o-[2",6"-di-o-(trans-p-coumaroyl)]-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (5)의 5종의 플라보노이드를 분리하였으며, 이들 5종 성분의 염증 반응에 대한 활성을 분석하기 위하여 LPS를 처리한 대식세포에서 산화질소(NO) 생성 억제활성을 측정하였다. 이들 5종 성분 중 compound 4, 5는 노각나무에서 처음으로 분리된 것으로 항염증 활성에 대한 보고도 없다. 분광분석법으로 확인된 노각나무 잎 유래 성분들은 LPS 처리한 대식세포의 NO 생성을 유의적으로 저해하였으며, 특히 kaempferol-3-o-[2",6"-di-o-(transp-coumaroyl)]-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (5)는 가장 강한 억제효과(17.17%, 5.0%, 3.92%, 6.32% and 63.35% inhibition of compound 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 at $10{\mu}g/ml$)를 나타냈다. 또한, 이러한 NO 생성 억제효과는 inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) 단백질 발현 억제를 통한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 본 연구에서 새로 분리된 플라보놀인 kaempferol-3-o-[2",6"-di-o-(trans-p-coumaroyl)]-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (5)는 노각나무 잎의 항염증 활성을 나타내는 주요 물질로 사료된다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.763-767
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• 2006

The anticoagulant properties of compounds derived from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Gaertner) fruits were evaluated using a platelet aggregometer and compared with aspirin. The active constituents of fennel fruits were isolated and identified as (+)-fenchone and extragole by various spectral analysis techniques. With regard to the 50% inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$), (+)-fenchone effectively inhibited platelet aggregation induced by treatment with collagen ($IC_{50}$, $3.9\;{\mu}M$) and arachidonic acid (AA) ($IC_{50}$, $27.1\;{\mu}M$), and estragole inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation ($IC_{50}$, $4.7\;{\mu}M$). By way of comparison, (+)-fenchone and estragole proved to be significantly more potent than aspirin at inhibiting platelet aggregation induced by collagen. The inhibitory activity of (+)-fenchone toward platelet aggregation induced by AA was 1.3 times stronger than that of aspirin. These results indicate that (+)- fenchone and estragole may be useful as lead compounds for inhibiting platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid and collagen.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.145-153
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• 2006

Hwangryeon (Coptidis rhizoma) was extracted by methanol and its antimicrobial activities against food spoilage and foodborne disease microorganisms were investigated by the paper-disc method. The microorganisms used in this experiment included 5 species of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus) and 3 species of fungi (Fusarium solani, Aspergillus flavus, and Penicillium citreonigrum). The Hwangryeon extract showed antimicrobial effect against P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, S. typhimurium, and K. pneumonia. The minimum inhibitory concentration on S. aureus, S. typhimurium, and K. pneumoniae was 300 mg/mL, but on P. aeruginosa it was 200 mg/mL. In the methanol extracts from Hwangryeon, 190 compounds were separated by GC/MS. The extraction yields of phenols, furans, alcohols, acids and esters, ketones, and miscellaneous compounds were 28.10%, 2.67%, 1.79%, 12.89%, and 2.35%, respectively. The phenolic compounds, generally understood to be an antimicrobial active substance, was measured at 28.10%, a relatively remarkable amount.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.106-112
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• 1998

Structure-activity relationship of 20 fluoroquinolones was studied using the susceptible and 4 resistant Escherichia coli which were developed against 4 fluoroquinolones [ciprofloxacin (1), KR-10755 (6), norfloxacin (2), and ofloxacin (3)] in our laboratory. The C-7 and C-8 substituents of fluoroquinolone were important in various functions such as the inhibitory activity on DNA gyrase, permeability, and efflux. Among 20 fluoroquinolones, compounds with a 3-methyl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-1(5)-ene-7-yl substituent at the C-7 position or a chlorine substituent at the C-8 position showed a good inhibitory activity on DNA gyrase (especially a mutated DNA gyrase). Compounds with a 3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.0]octan-1(5)-ene-7-yl substituent at the C-7 position showed good permeability in the susceptible and resistant strains, while compounds with a fluorine substituent at the C-8 position were less eff luxed from cells.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1997

Eucalyptus is a rich source of biologically active compounds. Among these, phloroglucinol compounds such as sideroxylonals, macrocarpals, euglobals, and robustadials are unique to Eucalyptus species. Sideroxylonal A is a very potent attachment-inhibitor. Macrocarpals show very strong antibacterial activity against gram positive bacteria. Macrocarpals also show HIV-RTase inhibitory activity. Euglobals are potent inhibitors of Epstein-Barr virus activation and are developed as skin and antitumor agents. They also show granulation inhibitory activity. In this review we aim to remove the existing confusion in literature on macrocarpals and discuss the biological activities and structure-activity relationships of phloroglucinol compounds.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.201-205
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• 2013

Thirteen phenolic compounds, 1,4-dimethoxybenzene (1), 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (2), (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylaldehyde (3), 3,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one (4), 2,3-dihydroxy-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one (5), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid (6), 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid (7), methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (8), 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (9), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (10), 3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propan-1-one (11), 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzaldehyde (12) and benzene-1,2,4-triol (13) were isolated from the heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan. Their anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated against LPS-induced NO production in macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Among them, compounds 3 and 8 showed strong inhibitory activities toward the LPS-induced NO production in macrophage RAW264.7 cells with $IC_{50}$ values of 14.5 and 21.5 ${\mu}M$, respectively.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.34-37
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• 2013

Honokiol and magnolol, the major bioactive neolignans of magnolia officinalis, are the most important constituents of the crude drug prescriptions that are used in the therapy of neuroses and various nervous disorders. There have been limited reports on the effects of neolignoid compounds on human cytochrome P450 activity. Therefore, the inhibitory effects of honokiol and magnolol on seven human cytochrome P450 s were evaluated in human liver microsomes. Honokiol and magnolol showed the most potent inhibition of CYP1A2-mediated phenacetin O-deethylase activity ($IC_{50}$ values of 3.5 and 5.4 mM, respectively) among the seven P450s tested. These in vitro data indicate that neolignan compounds can inhibit the activity of CYP1A2 and suggest that these compounds should be examined for potential pharmacokinetic drug interactions in vivo.