• 대한본초학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2019

Objective : This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of Rehmanniae Radix Crudus (RC) in 150 mM HCl/ethanol induced acute gastritis mice. Methods : ICR mice were divided into 5 groups (normal group, control group, 10 mg/kg sucralfate treated group, 50 mg/kg RC treated group, 100 mg/kg RC treated group, n=8). Normal group was not take any treatment. Control group induced gastritis 1 hour after ingestion of distilled water. 10 mg/kg sucralfate induced group was induced gastritis 1 hour after ingestion of distilled of sucralfate 10 mg/kg. 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg RC treated groups were induced gastritis 1 hour after ingestion of distilled of RC 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. After 1 hour of gastritis induction, removed the stomach tissue. We examined histological observations, oxidative stress biomarkers, antioxidant proteins, inflammatory mediators and cytokines. Results : In this study, the RC treatment group showed gastritis and gastric ulcer inhibition, and the area of injury decreased. The oxidative stress biomarkers such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxy nitrite ($ONOO^-$) in the serum were reduced in the RC treated group. Inaddition, antioxidant proteins (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, Heme oxygenase 1) were increased in RC treated group, and the expression of inflammatory mediators and cytokines induced by nuclear factor-kappa B activation was inhibited. Conclusion : According to the results, RC may have an excellent inhibitory effect on acute gastritis and gastric ulcer.

• ALGAE
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.49-62
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• 2022

Water temperature affects plankton survival and growth. The dinoflagellate Shimiella gracilenta survives using the plastids of ingested prey, indicating kleptoplastidy. However, studies on the effects of water temperature on kleptoplastidic dinoflagellates are lacking. We explored the growth and ingestion rates of S. gracilenta as a function of water temperature. Furthermore, using data on its spatiotemporal distribution in Korean coastal waters during 2015-2018, we predicted its distribution under elevated temperature conditions of +2, +4, and +6℃. Growth rates of S. gracilenta with and without Teleaulax amphioxeia prey as well as ingestion rates were significantly affected by water temperature. Growth rates of S. gracilenta with and without prey were positive or zero at 5-25℃ but were negative at ≥30℃. The maximum growth rate of S. gracilenta with T. amphioxeia was 0.85 d^-1, achieved at 25℃, and 0.21 d^-1 at 20℃ without prey. The ingestion rate of S. gracilenta on T. amphioxeia at 25℃ (0.05 ng C predator^-1 d^-1) was greater than that at 20℃ (0.04 ng C predator^-1 d^-1). Thus, feeding may shift the optimal temperature for the maximum growth rate of S. gracilenta from 20 to 25℃. In spring and winter, the distributions of S. gracilenta under elevated temperature conditions were predicted not to differ from those during 2015-2018. However, S. gracilenta was predicted not to survive at some additional stations under elevated temperature conditions of +2, +4, and +6℃ in summer or under elevated temperature conditions of +6℃ in autumn. Therefore, global warming may affect the distribution of S. gracilenta.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2009

This study aims to find out the effect of ingestion of 3 mg·kg^-1 caffeine on fluid-electrolyte balance and Tty change during exercise under heat environment of 30~32℃ (40-50% humidity). Five trained males who routinely trained for approximately 60 min·d^-1, 3-6 d·wk^-1 (age; 28.20±3.56yrs, height; 174.56±5.46 cm, body mass; 76.13±9.02 kg, body fat(%); 14.24±3.99, VO₂max; 54.00±4.30 mL·kg^-1·min^-1, exercise career; 4.20±1.95yrs) performed 40min of treadmill running in heat chamber. The study was a double-blind, randomized, crossover design. Body mass change following exercise was higher for the PLAC (Placebo) and CAFF (Caffeine) in comparison to the CON (Control), there was no significant difference between the CAFF, PLAC, CON (p= .997). The U_sg not significant differences (p= .731) and Osm_urine not significant differences between the CAFF, PLAC, CON (p= .901). There also were not significant between the CAFF, PLAC, CON for [Na⁺]_urine and [K⁺]_urine (p= .928, p= .469). In the case of Tty, although the increase rate of Tty was the highest for the CAFF on exercise early, exercise the second half in comparison to the CON and PLAC, there was not significant interaction effect between the CAFF, PLAC, and CON of Tty (p= .067), In conclusion, it was confirmed that the 3 mg·kg^-1 caffeine ingestion prior to exercising in heat environment does not impart negative effect on body fluid, electrolyte balance and changes in Tty.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.241-249
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• 2005

군소(Aplysia Kurodai, sea hare)의 내장 또는 알을 섭취한 후 아플리시아닌(aplysianin) 자연독에 의해 독성간염이 발생할 수 있다. 저자들은 경상북도 울릉군 울릉의료원을 방문한 군소 알을 섭취한 후 급성 독성간염이 발생한 2예를 경험 하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. 환자 A는 47세 남자로 2003년 5월 17일 울릉도 바닷가에서 군소와 알을 직접 채취하여 내장을 제거하고 삶아 먹은 10시간 30분 후 구역 및 구토, 복통, 수양성설사와 급성 독성간염이 발생하였다. 환자 B는 48세 남자로 2004년 5월 16일 울릉도 바닷가에서 군소와 알을 직접 채취하여 내장을 제거하고 삶아 먹은 10시간 30분 후 구역 및 구토, 복통, 수양성설사와 급성 독성간염이 발생하였다. 환자들은 내원 당시 탈수 소견을 보여 수액공급 및 혈청 전해질 불균형을 교정하고 전격간염으로 진행 여부를 관찰하면서 보존적 치료를 시행하여 호전되었다. 저자가 파악하기로는, 본 사례 보고가 군소 알을 섭취한 후 독성간염이 발생한 국내 첫 보고이다. 군소의 내장 또는 알을 섭취한 후 중독증이 발생할 수 있다는 사실을 의료인과 일반인이 인지하고 정확한 진단과 예방을 위하여 노력하여야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.9-24
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• 1993

원자력발전소의 사고시 방사성물질의 단기간 침적 후 오염된 음식물에 의한 영향을 평가하기 위해 한국 환경에 적용이 가능한 동적 방사능영향 평가모델이 개발되었다. KORFOOD라 불리워지는 이 모델은 오염된 음식물의 섭취에 의한 누적선량뿐만 아니라 시간에 따른 선량을 평가하며, 또한 음식물내 시간에 따른 방사능농도의 변화를 해석한다. 설식경로에 중요한3가지 핵종과 13가지 음식물이 이 모델에서 고려되었다. 방사능농도의 동적변화는 침적, 풍화와 강우, 재부유, 뿐리흡취, 전이, 토양내 이동, 식물의 노화, 동물의 토양흥취 및 배설, 동물의 사료섭취와 배설 둥과 같은 여러 효과를 고려하여 모사되었다. 평가를 위한 입력 자료로는 침적되는 방사성물질의 양, 침적시점, 평가하고자하는 핵종 및 음식물의 종류가 요구된다. 고리지역 농작물자료를 사용하여 쌀에 대해 시간에 따른 비방사능농도와 고려되는 모든 음식물의 섭취에 따른 선량이 침적시점에 따라 계산되었다. 모델결과의 타당성 검증을 위해 이 분야에서 이미 공인받고 있는 독일모델 ECOSYS-87의 결과와 비교하였다. 비교결과, KORFOOD의 예측치가 ECOSYS-87의 예측값의 10배 범위내에 있어 좋은 일치를 보여주었다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.355-364
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• 2009

Objectives : Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common diseases among elderly men. Though medicines such as 5${\alpha}$-reductase inhibitor (finasteride) have recently been developed for treating BPH, their adverse effects and low efficacy should not be overlooked. Curcuma longa has a long history of use in traditional medicines of Asian countries. Many reports conclude the component curcumin in Curcuma lonfa, has the potential to treat various diseases including prostate cancer. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects and action mechanism of Curcuma longa with a BPH rat model. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were used with subcutaneous injection of testosterone after castration, which were histologically similar to human BPH. A total of 30 rats were equally divided into five groups: Group 1 served as control (sham-operated group): Group 2 was the model group: Group 3 and Group 4 animals were administered Curcuma longa at dose levels of 0.5g/kg and 1.0g/kg: Group 5 served as a positive control group and was treated with finasteride at a dose of 1 mg/kg. The drugs were administered orally once a day for 30 days consecutively. After 31 days, the prostates were removed, and analyzed for their prostatic weight and histological examination. Results : The oral Curcuma longa ingestion group showed statistically significant decreases in their prostatic weights compared with the BPH-induced group and the oral finasteride ingestion group (p<0.05). Curcuma longa is also very safe in liver and kidney up to a dose of lg/kg. Injected testosterone histologically led to prostatic hyperplasia in rats, but oral Curcuma longa ingestion decreased this change. Conclusions : These results suggest that Curcuma longa has a definite inhibitory effect on BPH and might be an alternative medicine for treatment and prevention of human BPH.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.38-47
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• 2011

This study focused on health risk assessment via multi-routes of As exposure to establish a target cleanup level (TCL) in abandoned mines. Soil, ground water, and rice samples were collected near ten abandoned mines in November 2009. The As contaminations measured in all samples were used for determining the probabilistic health risk by Monte-Carlo simulation techniques. The human exposure to As compound was attributed to ground water ingestion. Cancer risk probability (R) via ground water and rice intake exceeded the acceptable risk range of $10^{-6}{\sim}10^{-4}$ in all selected mines. In particular, the MB mine showed the higher R value than other mines. The non-carcinogenic effects, estimated by comparing the average As exposure with corresponding reference dose were determined by hazard quotient (HQ) values, which were less than 1.0 via ground water and rice intake in SD, NS, and MB mines. This implied that the non-carcinogenic toxic effects, due to this exposure pathway had a greater possibility to occur than those in other mines. Besides, hazard index (HI) values, representing overall toxic effects by summed the HQ values were also greater than 1.0 in SD, NS, JA, and IA mines. This revealed that non-carcinogenic toxic effects were generally occurred. The As contaminants in all selected mines exceeded the TCL values for target cancer risk ($10^{-6}$) through ground water ingestion and rice intake. However, the As level in soil was greater than TCL value for target cancer risk via inadvertent soil ingestion pathway, except for KK mine. In TCL values for target hazard quotient (THQ), the As contaminants in soil did not exceed such TCL value. On the contrary, the As levels in ground water and polished rice in SD, NS, IA, and MB mines were also beyond the TCL values via ground water and rice intake. This study concluded that the health risks through ground water and rice intake were greater than those though soil inadvertent ingestion and dermal contact. In addition, it suggests that the abandoned mines to exceed the risk-based TCL values are carefully necessary to monitor for soil remediation.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.312-321
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• 2013

Objective: In May 2011, an interview with three United States Forces Korea veterans revealed that chemicals believed to be 'Agent Orange' were buried at Camp Carroll (situated in Waegwan, Chilgok-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea) in 1978. Many hazardous chemicals, such as perchloroethylene (PCE), trichloroethylene (TCE), and organochlorines were subsequently found in a joint US-ROK environmental investigation, although dioxins or burial evidence related to 'Agent Orange' have been not uncovered. This study was carried out to investigate the relevance of hazardous chemical exposure and health effects of the residents around Camp Carroll. Methods: The authors conducted a health questionnaire survey among residents around Camp Carroll regarding Waegwan groundwater ingestion, length of residence in Waegwan, and physician-diagnosed disease history (such as cancer, hypertension, diabetes and etc.). Logistic regression was performed to identify the associations between hazardous chemical exposure and physician-diagnosed diseases. Results: Among the 5,320 residents, excluding those living outside the Waegwan area, 3,430 subjects age 30 and over were analyzed. Among females, upon correction of age, smoking history and Camp Carroll working history, a higher distribution in the Waegwan groundwater ingestion group was demonstrated for patients with physician-diagnosed cancer and hypertension. The odds ratios have a tendency to increase with increased length of Waegwan groundwater ingestion. Conclusions: This study may be limited by not adopting a cohort study for the evaluation of factors that may confound environmental exposure. Yet it is meaningful that the correlation between Waegwan groundwater ingestion and chronic diseases were found through regression analysis in female; and further, this outcome may be used as a sampling basis for a secondary epidemiologic study.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.208-213
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• 2004

In this study, we examined the effects of dietary 1,3-diacylglycerol (DG) compared to conventional triacylglycerol (TG) oil on the postprandial response of total and chylomicron TG, glucose, insulin, and free fatty acid (FFA). This study was conducted using a cross-over design. Ninety subjects participated in the high-fat meal tolerance test where they were randomly assigned to consume two experimental sandwiches containing mayonnaise with TG or DG oil with a seven-day interval. Blood samples were collected before ingestion and at 2, 3, 4 and 6 hr time point after ingestion and analyzed for total and chylomicron TG, glucose, insulin, FFA and phospholipid fatty acid composition. Both TG and DG ingestion had similar effects on postprandial TG response, but a different response from chylomicron TG. Compared with the TG group, TG levels were significantly lower only at 6 hr time point in the DG group. On the other hand, chylomicron TG rose steeply at 2 hr time point and decreased faster in this group. Also, the adjusted value to fasting levels was the same as the unadjusted level. Fasting levels and net differences in insulin were significantly lower at 3 hr time point where chylomicron TG levels were significantly lower in the DG group. But those of glucose and FFA in the TG and DG groups did not differ significantly. Fasting and postprandial levels of fatty acid composition in serum phospholipids in the two groups did not differ significantly. In conclusion, this study indicated that one could reduce the magnitude of postprandial lipemia without influencing glucose metabolism by consumning DG oil as a substitute for TG oil. Based on the correlation of coronary artery disease and postprandial lipemia, dietary DG ingestion might have a beneficial effect in treating such a disease. Further studies are required to clarify the long-tenn effects of dietary DG on blood lipid levels in humans.

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2005년도 춘계 학술대회
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• pp.476-484
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• 2005

본 논문은 PWR 발전소에서 환경으로 방출된 기체 형태의 $C^{14}$에 의해 발전소 주변 주민이 받을 수 있는 선량을 비교적 정확하게 평가하기 위한 것으로 국내의 선량평가 프로그램에서는 축산물 섭취선량을 평가하기 위해 동물성 전이계수를 적용하고 있지만 전적으로 해외의 자료를 적용하고 있고, 동물의 체적에 따른 영향을 반영하지 못하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 동물성 전이계수 관련 자료 및 개발 방법론에 대한 분석을 수행함과 동시에 $C^{14}$ 피폭선량을 평가하였고, 그 결과에 근거하여 국내 환경을 충분히 고려할 수 있는 동물성 전이계수 적용 방안을 도출하였다. CSA 및 KEPRI에서 제시한 자료를 적용하여 $C^{14}$ 피폭선량을 계산한 결과 가장 보수적인 비방사능 모델에 비해 높거나 동일한 결과를 주었는데 이는 물리적으로 타당성이 없는 결과였고, NRC에서 제시한 자료를 적용한 경우 피폭선량은 낮게 나타났지만 동물의 체적변화에 따른 영향을 전혀 반영하지 못하고 있었다. 따라서 경제 성장에 따른 축산물 섭취량 증가와 발전소 주변 환경을 충분히 반영함으로써 $C^{14}$에 의해 발전소 주변 주민이 받을 수 있는 피폭선량을 비교적 정확하고 현실성 있게 평가하기 위해서는 실험을 통해 동물성 전이계수를 제시해야 할 것으로 판단되며 이에 대한 구체적인 실험 방법 및 방안은 제시하였다.