• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.127-136
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• 2012

Many research of hand gesture recognition based on vision system have been conducted which enable user operate various electronic devices more easily. 3D position calculation and meaningful gesture classification from similar gestures should be executed to recognize hand gesture accurately. A simple and cost effective method of 3D position calculation and gesture spotting (a task to recognize meaningful gesture from other similar meaningless gestures) is described in this paper. 3D position is achieved by calculation of two cameras relative position through pan/tilt module and a marker regardless with the placed position. Fuzzy garbage model is proposed to provide a variable reference value to decide whether the user gesture is the command gesture or not. The reference is achieved from fuzzy command gesture model and fuzzy garbage model which returns the score that shows the degree of belonging to command gesture and garbage gesture respectively. Two-stage user adaptation is proposed that off-line (batch) adaptation for inter-personal difference and on-line (incremental) adaptation for intra-difference to enhance the performance. Experiment is conducted for 5 different users. The recognition rate of command (discriminate command gesture) is more than 95% when only one command like meaningless gesture exists and more than 85% when the command is mixed with many other similar gestures.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2012

The way-lookup cache and the way-tracking cache are considered to be the most energy-efficient when used for level 1 and level 2 caches, respectively. This paper proposes an energy-efficient set-associative cache using the bi-mode way-selector that combines the way selecting techniques of the way-tracking cache and the way-lookup cache. The simulation results using an Alpha 21264-based system show that the bi-mode way-selecting L1 instruction cache consumes 27.57% of the energy consumed by the conventional set-associative cache and that it is as energy-efficient as the way-lookup cache when used for L1 instruction cache. The bi-mode way-selecting L1 data cache consumes 28.42% of the energy consumed by the conventional set-associative cache, which means that it is more energy-efficient than the way-lookup cache by 15.54% when used for L1 data cache. The bi-mode way-selecting L2 cache consumes 15.41% of the energy consumed by the conventional set-associative cache, which means that it is more energy-efficient than the way-tracking cache by 16.16% when used for unified L2 cache. These results show that the proposed cache can provide the best level of energy-efficiency regardless of the cache level.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.18C no.4
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• pp.265-278
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• 2011

The objective of this paper is to analyze and characterize end-to-end packet statistics after modeling and simulation of WiFi (IEEE 802.11g) and WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e) of a virtual wireless network using OPNET Modeler Wireless Suite. Wireless internal and external network simulators such as Remcom's Wireless InSite Real Time (RT) module, WinProp: W-LAN/Fixed WiMAX/Mobile WiMAX, and SMI system, are designed to consider data transfer rate based on wireless propagation signal strength. However, we approached our research in a different perspective without support for characteristic of these wireless network simulators. That is, we will discuss the purpose of a visual analysis for these packets, how to receive each point packets (e.g., wireless user, base station or access point, and http server) through end-to-end virtual network modeling based on integrated wired and wireless network without wireless propagation signal strength. Measuring packet statistics is important in QoS metric analysis among wireless network performance metrics. Clear packet statistics is an especially essential metric in guaranteeing QoS for WiMAX users. We have found some interesting results through modeling and simulation for virtual wireless network using OPNET Modeler Wireless Suite. We are also able to analyze multi-view efficiency through experiment/observation result.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.14A no.6
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• pp.347-356
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• 2007

In designing a branch predictor, in addition to accuracy, microarchitects should consider power consumption, especially for embedded processors. This paper proposes a power-aware branch predictor, which is based on the gshare predictor, by accessing the BTB (Branch Target Buffer) only when the prediction from the PHT (Pattern History Table) is taken. To enable the selective access to the BTB, the PHT in the proposed branch predictor is accessed one cycle earlier than the traditional PHT to prevent the additional delay. As a side effect, two predictions from the PHT are obtained through one access to the PHT, which leads to more power savings. The proposed branch predictor reduces the power consumption, not requiring any additional storage arrays, not incurring additional delay (except just one MUX delay) and never harming accuracy. Simulation results show that the proposed predictor reduces the power consumption by $35{\sim}48%$ compared to the traditional predictor.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.15A no.6
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• pp.309-316
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• 2008

The mission-critical engagement control computer for air defense has to maintain its operation without any fault for a long mission time. The mission performed by large-scale and complex embedded software is extremely critical in terms of dependability and safety of computer system, and it is very important that engagement control computer has high reliability. The engagement control computer was implemented using four processors. The distributed computer composed of four processors quarantees the dependability and safety, and ASR fault-tolerant technique applied to each processor guarantees the reliability. In this paper, the mechanism and performance of ASR fault-tolerant technique are analysed. And MTBF, reliability, availability, and cost-effectiveness for ASR, DMR and TMR techniques applied to the engagement control computer are analysed. The mission-critical engagement control computer using software-based ASR fault-tolerant technique provides high reliability and fast recovery time at a low cost. The mission reliability of the engagement control computer using ASR technique in 4 processors board is almost same the reliability of the computer using TMR technique in 6 processors board. ASR technique is most suitable to the mission-critical engagement control computer.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.15D no.2
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• pp.235-246
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• 2008

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is emerging as an effective approach for developing applications by dynamically discovering and composing reusable services. Generally, the benefits of SOA are known as low-development cost, high agility, high scalability, business level reuse, etc. However, a representative problem for widely applying SOA is the performance problem. This is caused by the nature of SOA such as service deployment and execution in distributed environment, heterogeneity of service platforms, use of a standard message format, etc. Therefore, performance problem has to be overcome to effectively apply SOA, and service performance has to be measured precisely to analyze where and why the problem has occurred. Prerequisite for this is a definition of a quality model to effectively measure service performance. However, current works on service performance lacks in defining a practical and precise quality model for measuring performance which adequately addresses the execution environment and features of SOA. Hence, in this paper, we define a quality model which includes a set of practical metrics for measuring service performance and an effective technique to measure the value of the proposed metrics. In addition, we apply the metrics for Hotel Reservation Service System (HRSS) to show the practicability and usefulness of the proposed metrics.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.161-172
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• 2013

Metadata registry (MDR) is the international standard, developed by ISO/IEC for exchange and sharing data between databases. Many MDR systems are used in diverse domains such as medical service, bibliography, environment for sharing and integrating data. However, those systems have different physical structures individually because the MDR standard defines only the metamodel for registering and storing metadata. It causes heterogeneity between the system structures and requires additional cost to maintain interoperability. ISO/IEC 13249-8 Metadata Registry Access (MRA) is developing as an international standard to provide a consistent access facility to data stored in different metadata registries. However, MRA does not consider the relationships between the concepts (classes) defined in the MDR specification. It causes that incorrect query results returned from MDR systems. It also requires additional cost of modeling and rewriting queries to reflect each physical model. Therefore, this paper suggests eMRA which considers the relationships between the concepts in MDR. The comparative evaluations are described to show the advantages of eMRA. eMRA has superior performance in query modeling and referential integrity than MRA defined by the relationship between the concept of MDR.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.2 no.10
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• pp.651-660
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• 2013

Object oriented design brought up improvement of productivity and software quality by adopting some concepts such as inheritance and encapsulation. However, both the number of software's classes and object couplings are increasing as the software volume is becoming larger. The object coupling between classes is closely related with software complexity, and high complexity causes decreasing software quality. In order to solve the object coupling issue, IT-field researchers adopt a component based development and software quality metrics. The component based development requires explicit representation of dependencies between classes and the software quality metrics evaluates quality of software. As part of the research, we intend to gain a basic data that will be used on decomposing software. We focused on properties of the linkage between classes rather than previous studies evaluated and accumulated the qualities of individual classes. Our method exploits machine learning technique to analyze the properties of linkage and predict the strength of dependency between classes, as a new perspective on analyzing software property.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.287-302
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• 2005

Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) were generated by ERS-l/2 and JERS-1 SAR interferometry in Daejon area, Korea. The quality of the DEM's was evaluated by the Ground Control Points (GCPs) in city area where GCPs were determined by GPS surveys, while in the mountain area with no GCPs, a 1:25,000 digital map was used. In order to minimize errors due to the inaccurate satellite orbit information and the phase unwrapping procedure, a Differential InSAR (DInSAR) was implemented in addition to the traditional InSAR analysis for DEM generation. In addition, DEMs from GTOPO30, SRTM-3, and 1:25,000 digital map were used for assessment the resolution of the DEM generated from DInSAR. 5-6 meters of elevation errors were found in the flat area regardless of the usage and the resolution of DEM, as a result of InSAR analyzing with a pair of ERS tandem and 6 pairs of JERS-1 interferograms. In the mountain area, however, DInSAR with DEMs from SRTM-3 and the digital map was found to be very effective to reduce errors due to phase unwrapping procedure. Also errors due to low signal-to-noise ratio of radar images and atmospheric effect were attenuated in the DEMs generated from the stacking of 6 pairs of JERS-1. SAR interferometry with multiple pairs of SAR interferogram with low resolution DEM can be effectively used to enhance the resolution of DEM in terms of data processing time and cost.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.355-362
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• 2019

In the past, when research and development(R&D) resources were absolutely scarce, the so-called 'choice and concentration' strategy of national R&D projects has been persuasive. Under the current situation where various actors such as GRIs(Government-funded Research Institutes) and universities supported by more abundant R&D resources conduct national R&D projects, this strategy cannot be applied without distinction. In order to see how the strategy has worked, this paper analyzes the concentration of research funds allocated to actors performing national R&D projects. Concentration is measured based on the amount of research funds supported by government from 2002 to 2016 using the Theil index to break down the concentration of individual actors in the overall national R&D project. The results from the Theil index were compared with concentrations using the Gini coefficient, a widely known indicator. As a result, the Theil index could be used to analyze the concentration and sub-components' contribution such as universities and GRIs that make up the entire national R&D system. The results also showed GRIs had the highest concentration, followed by universities, but their concentration has been somewhat reduced compared to 10 years ago. On the other hand, small-sized companies have maintained a certain level, although they are not highly concentrated. In other words, universities and GRIs tend to reduce the gap in the allocation of research funds among institutions, while small-sized companies tend to distribute them evenly.