• 한국BIM학회 논문집
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.20-30
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• 2018

The Standard for BIM in Construction of China was released in 2017. The Unified Standard for BIM of China also took effects on 2017. The BIM standards of China needs to be compared with those related guidelines of Korea to find the status and characteristics for future development of BIM application in both countries' construction industries. The research methodology is a case study of comparing various standards of both countries. The case study results reveals many interesting issues for future BIM application and guidelines for practice of design and construction process. The research foundings include followings : LOD (Level of development) are well defined including LOD 350 in Chinese Standard. P-BIM(Practice based BIM) concepts and series of standards are set for the well-defined design and construction process by work stage in China. Korean standards shows more processes of design and documentation in detail. Major three aspects, particularity in BIM standard by work trade, practicality in BIM work process of design and construction, and professionality in subjects of BIM application, are analyzed and compared with various Guidelines of BIM in both countries.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2011

Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) has kept the largest amount of gene-expression microarray data that have grown exponentially. Microarray data in GEO have been generated in many different formats and often lack standardized annotation and documentation. It is hard to know if preprocessing has been applied to a dataset or not and in what way. Standard-based integration of heterogeneous data formats and metadata is necessary for comprehensive data query, analysis and mining. We attempted to integrate the heterogeneous microarray data in GEO based on Minimum Information About a Microarray Experiment (MIAME) standard. We unified the data fields of GEO Data table and mapped the attributes of GEO metadata into MIAME elements. We also discriminated non-preprocessed raw datasets from others and processed ones by using a two-step classification method. Most of the procedures were developed as semi-automated algorithms with some degree of text mining techniques. We localized 2,967 Platforms, 4,867 Series and 103,590 Samples with covering 279 organisms, integrated them into a standard-based relational schema and developed a comprehensive query interface to extract. Our tool, GEOQuest is available at http://www.snubi.org/software/GEOQuest/.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.292-299
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe motivational factors and barriers which nurses experience while preparing for the NCLEX-RN Exam. Method: Data was collected from July 5 to August 28, 2002 using self-administered open questionnaires. A total 144 nurses preparing for the NCLEX-RN Exam participated in this study. Descriptive statistics were used and respondents' statements were analyzed using content analysis. Result: The motivation for taking the NCLEX-RN Exam was for a new adventure (23.7%), better working conditions and benefits (20.4%), children's education (14.5%), to study aboard (13.8%), economic issues (11.8%), and career issues (11.2%). The barriers while preparing for the NCLEX-RN Exam were studying in English (35.3%), fatigue (21.8%) limited time (16.0%), lack of information (8.3%), complicated documentation (5.1%), and cultural differences (4.5%). Conclusion: The result suggests that it is imperative to improve working conditions and benefits for nurses in Korea to prevent the brain drain of highly experienced nurses to other countries. It is also essential to develop strategies to minimize the barriers to support nurses preparing for the NCLEX-RN Exam and promote jobs overseas.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.30-39
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• 2012

Design-build (D&B) has been broadly perceived as an effective project delivery method and become popular in the world. However, the implementation process of this innovative procurement method in Vietnam encounters difficulties due mainly to unfamiliarity and inexperience with the approach. Critical success factors (CSFs) which could be used to enhance the project execution are useful to practitioners in Vietnam if identified. A questionnaire survey was employed to identify CSFs of D&B projects in Vietnam. Parties' competence, especially financial capability, and contract documentation are the most important factors significantly affecting project success. It was also shown that the perspectives of two principal parties in D&B projects on the CSFs are statistically correlated. The identified CSFs were then validated with some various D&B projects. The execution results of CSFs' were compared with the projects' performance measured try key performance indicators (KPIs). The most important success factors of this study were also compared with other countries'. The validation and comparison results provide project participants with some useful information to perform D&B projects better. Practitioners should well perform the identified CSFs to enhance the chance of the success of D&B projects in Vietnam. The findings of this study are useful not only to Vietnamese practitioners but also to others who are concerned about D&B method and plan to employ it in Vietnam in future.

• 한국컴퓨터산업학회논문지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.157-170
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 메사츄세츄공과대학 마이크로전자 연구소에서 개발된 프로세서 PARWAN(PAR-1)으로 불리우는 줄여진 프로세서(a reduced processor)를 VHDL을 이용하여 Behavioral Leve에서 기술하고 Dataflow Level에서 상호 연결하여 기술하였고, VHDL로 설계된 CPU의 동작을 확인하고 시뮬레이션하기 위하여 Test-bench 방식을 이용하였다. <중략> 제시된 방식은 설계의 정보교환이 용이하고 동작의 표현이 정확하고 간결하였으며, 설계의 문서화가 용이하며, 구성된 프로세서의 동작을 확인하기가 용이하였다. VHDL의 Behavioral 기술은 설계자에게 설계된 시스템을 확인할 때 많은 도움을 주었으며 Dataflow 기술은 설계의 버스연결과 레지스터 구조를 확인할 때 유용하게 사용할 수 있었다.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제11D권7호
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• pp.1435-1442
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• 2004

최근 소프트웨어 개발 방법론 중 소프트웨어 부품화하고 이를 조립${\cdot}$합성하여 새로운 어플리케이션을 개발하는 방식의 CBD 방법론이 많이 연구되고 있다. 그러나 CBD 방법론은 시스템의 기능적인 특성을 중심으로 분할하는 경향이 많아 컴포넌트에 대한 추론, 문서화, 코드의 이해를 어렵게 하는 단점이 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 영역지향 프로그래밍 기술을 CBD 방법론과 UML 다이어그램에 적용하여 CBD 방법론의 단점을 보완함으로써 컴포넌트의 재사용을 용이하게 하고 시스템 개발 시간 단축과 개발비용의 감소를 유도하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.43.1-43.9
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• 2020

A variety of therapeutic modalities can be used for the endodontic treatment of a traumatized tooth with internal root resorption (IRR). The authors present a case report of the successful restoration of a traumatized upper central incisor that was weakened due to severe IRR and subsequent periapical lesion formation. A 20-year-old female patient was referred to our clinic with severe internal resorption and subsequent periapical pathosis destroying the buccal bone wall. Root canal treatment had been initiated previously at another dental practice, but at that time, the patient's condition could not be managed even with several treatments. After cone-beam computed tomography imaging and proper chemomechanical cleaning, the tooth was managed with a mineral trioxide aggregate plug followed by root canal filling using short fiber-reinforced composite, known as the Bioblock technique. This report is the first documentation of the use of the Bioblock technique in the restoration of a traumatized tooth. The Bioblock technique appears to be ideal for restoring wide irregular root canals, as in cases of severe internal resorption, because it can uniquely fill out the hollow irregularities of the canal. However, further long-term clinical investigations are required to provide additional information about this new technique.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.294-303
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• 2005

In this paper, a supervised algorithm for the evaluation of geophysical sites using a multi-level cellular neural network (ML-CNN) is introduced, developed, and applied to real data. ML-CNN is a stochastic image processing technique based on template optimization using neighborhood relationships of the pixels. The separation/enhancement and border detection performance of the proposed method is evaluated by various interesting real applications. A genetic algorithm is used in the optimization of CNN templates. The first application is concerned with the separation of potential field data of the Dumluca chromite region, which is one of the rich reserves of Turkey; in this context, the classical approach to the gravity anomaly separation method is one of the main problems in geophysics. The other application is the border detection of archeological ruins of the Hittite Empire in Turkey. The Hittite civilization sites located at the Sivas-Altinyayla region of Turkey are among the most important archeological sites in history, one reason among others being that written documentation was first produced by this civilization.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.421-435
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• 2006

The objective of this report is to introduce the European Union's variation rules governing medicinal products that are subject to post-approval changes. The EMEA outlines a variety of changes occurring to approved medicinal products. It also recommends a marketing authorisation holder to follow specific post-approval applications in various situations. For instance, the Commission Regulation(EC) No. 1085/2003 explains variation types and suggests post-authorisation procedures with which an applicant should comply. In all cases of minor and major variations the applicant has to investigate and validate whether or not the intended changes would have impact on the safety, efficacy and quality of a drug product. The applicant should then submit to the EMEA a variation application with adequate documentation in support of the notified changes. This procedure is implemented to ensure that changes to the approved medicinal product do not cause my public health concerns. In fact, the post-authorisation guidance categorizes post-approval changes into type IA/IB variations, type II variations, and extension applications. Such classifications determine administrative procedures to be followed in an efficient manner. Based on the type of a variation, the regulatory agency opts to reduce or extend the evaluation time-frame. The thrust of the EU's post-authorisation guidance is introduced in text with appropriate explanation. All these information will be likely to be helpful in updating a Korean regulatory guidance that could better deal with post-approval changes to generic drugs available in the market.

• 박물관보존과학
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• 제22권
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• pp.15-26
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• 2019

이 연구에서는 표면형상 취득에 최적화되어 있는 광학식 정밀스캐닝과 내부 형상획득에 사용되는 X-선 CT스캐닝 결과를 이용하여 삼총통의 내·외부 형상을 다각적으로 분석할 수 있는 3차원(이하 3D) 융합 모델을 제작하였다. 먼저 두 스캐닝 결과를 호환 가능한 확장자로 변환 한 다음 상호간의 정합성을 검증하고자 3D 편차분석을 수행하였다. 이 결과, 두 스캐닝 모델은 대부분(56.98%) ±0.1mm 이내의 편차를 보였으며, 이 수치는 ICP 알고리즘 기반의 정합 및 병합에 큰 영향을 주지 않았다. 병합된 데이터는 총통의 외부 표면색 및 미세형상, 내부 두께 및 구조를 잘 표현하였다. 광학식 표면스캐닝과 X-선 CT스캐닝의 3D 융합 모델은 문화유산의 디지털기록화뿐만 아니라 제작기법 해석에 유용하게 사용되었다. 향후 박물관 전시 영역에서 전시품의 과학적 조사 정보를 보다 쉽게 관람객에게 전달하는 효과를 발휘 할 것으로 기대된다.