• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.849-854
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• 2001

GTM(Generative Topographic Mapping) model is a probabilistic version of the SOM(Self Organizing Maps) which was proposed by T. Kohonen. The GTM is modelled by latent or hidden variables of probability distribution of data. It is a unique characteristic not implemented in SOM model, and, therefore, it is possible with GTM to analyze data accurately, thereby overcoming the limits of SOM. In the present investigation we proposed a BGTM(Bayesian GTM) combined with Bayesian learning and GTM model that has a small mis-classification ratio. By combining fast calculation ability and probabilistic distribution of data of GTM with correct reasoning based on Bayesian model, the BGTM model provided improved results, compared with existing models.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.1495-1504
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• 2008

New license plates have been used since 2007. This paper proposes a new license plate extraction method using a gray labeling and a fuzzy reasoning method. First, the proposed method extracts the candidate plates by the gray labeling which is the enhanced version of a non-recursive flood-filling algorithm. By newly designed fuzzy inference system. fitness of each candidate plates are calculated. Finally, the area of the license plate in a image is extracted as a region of the candidate label which has the highest fitness. In the experiments, various license plate images took from indoor/outdoor parking lot, street, etc. by digital camera or cellular phone were used and the proposed extraction method was showed remarkable results of a 94 percent success.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.402-409
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• 2007

In this paper recognized for trajectory using Condensation algorithm. In this pater used fuzzy controller for recognized trajectory using fuzzy reasoning. The fuzzy system tract to the three-dimensional space for raw and roll movement. The joint angle ${\theta}_1$ of the manipulator rotate from $0^{\circ}\;to\;360^{\circ}$, and the joint angle ${\theta}_2$ rotate from $0^{\circ}\;to\;180^{\circ}$. The moving object of velocity display for recognition without error using Condensation algorithm. The tracking system demonstrated the reliability of proposed algorithm through simulation against used trajectory.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.44-46
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• 2021

Many cameras are used in real life, and they are often used for monitoring and crime prevention to check the situation of problems beyond just taking pictures for memories. Such surveillance and prevention are generally used only for simple storage, and in systems utilizing multiple cameras, utilizing additional features would require additional hardware specifications. In this paper, we add image input methods and post-object processing processes to process multiple image inputs from one hardware or server that perform object detection systems that deviate from typical image processing. The performance of the method is utilized in both learning and reasoning of the hardware performing deep learning, and allows improved image processing processes to be performed.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.327-344
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• 2011

This study is the first step for us toward improving high school students' capability of statistical inferences, such as obtaining and interpreting the confidence interval on the population mean that is currently learned in high school. We suggest 5 underlying concepts of 'discretion of contingency and inevitability', 'discretion of induction and deduction', 'likelihood principle', 'variability of a statistic' and 'statistical model', those are necessary to appreciate statistical inferences as a reliable arguing tools in spite of its occasional erroneous conclusions. We assume those 5 concepts above are to be gradually developing in their school periods and Korean mathematics textbooks of grades 1-12 were analyzed. Followings were found. For the right choice of solving methodology of the given problem, no elementary textbook but a few high school textbooks describe its difference between the contingent circumstance and the inevitable one. Formal definitions of population and sample are not introduced until high school grades, so that the developments of critical thoughts on the reliability of inductive reasoning could not be observed. On the contrary of it, strong emphasis lies on the calculation stuff of the sample data without any inference on the population prospective based upon the sample. Instead of the representative properties of a random sample, more emphasis lies on how to get a random sample. As a result of it, the fact that 'the random variability of the value of a statistic which is calculated from the sample ought to be inherited from the randomness of the sample' could neither be noticed nor be explained as well. No comparative descriptions on the statistical inferences against the mathematical(deductive) reasoning were found. Few explanations on the likelihood principle and its probabilistic applications in accordance with students' cognitive developmental growth were found. It was hard to find the explanation of a random variability of statistics and on the existence of its sampling distribution. It is worthwhile to explain it because, nevertheless obtaining the sampling distribution of a particular statistic, like a sample mean, is a very difficult job, mere noticing its existence may cause a drastic change of understanding in a statistical inference.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.155-177
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• 2019

The study aims to develop a teaching-learning plan that can solve the problem of the clothing and textiles area faced by the teenager as course of critical science perspective improving the empowerment. As a research method, it was conceptualized by applying the Laster(1986)'s curriculum development process. And it was applied to the conceptual framework of practical reasoning presented in: "Family, Food and Society A Teacher's guide" (Staaland & Storm, 1996). The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, based on the results of reviewing literature related to the clothing and textiles area, ongoing concerns related to the clothing and textiles is "Should we do with regard to clothing and textiles for families in the community? The valued ends is defined as a complex position with a high degree of freedom and a high responsibility, and the goal of learning is interdependence, emotional maturity, intellectual development, and communication ability. For the contents of education and activity structure, practical reasoning process was used as conceptual framework of education contents, and included sub-concerns, broad concepts, sub-concepts and intellectual and social skills. Second, based on the practical reasoning, we developed a teaching and learning plan in the clothing and textiles. As a result, a total of 12 plan of 5 modules were developed. And were developed a total of 31 tutorials, reading materials, picture materials, group activities, and video materials. The results of this study can be applied to teachers who want to try out practical inference process in class or teachers who have difficulty in practicing reasoning process in the field.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.52-64
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• 1995

Robot manipulator is a highly nonlinear-time varying system. Therefore, a lot of control theory has been applied to the system. Robot manipulator has two types of control; one is path planning, another is path tracking. In this paper, we select the path tracking, and for this purpose, propose the intelligent control¬ler which is combined with fuzzy logic and neural network. The fuzzy logic provides an inference morphorlogy that enables approximate human reasoning to apply to knowledge-based systems, and also provides a mathematical strength to capture the uncertainties associated with human cognitive processes like thinking and reasoning. Based on this fuzzy logic, the fuzzy logic controller(FLC) provides a means of converhng a linguistic control strategy based on expert knowledge into automahc control strategy. But the construction of rule-base for a nonlinear hme-varying system such as robot, becomes much more com¬plicated because of model uncertainty and parameter variations. To cope with these problems, a auto-tuning method of the fuzzy rule-base is required. In this paper, the GA-based Fuzzy-Neural control system combining Fuzzy-Neural control theory with the genetic algorithm(GA), that is known to be very effective in the optimization problem, will be proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed control system will be demonstrated by computer simulations using a two degree of freedom robot manipulator.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.1-6
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• 2020

In this study, we propose an association inference model based on data bias optimization for road hazard detection. This is a mining model based on association analysis to collect user's personal characteristics and surrounding environment data and provide traffic accident prevention services. This creates transaction data composed of various context variables. Based on the generated information, a meaningful correlation of variables in each transaction is derived through correlation pattern analysis. Considering the bias of classified categorical data, pruning is performed with optimized support and reliability values. Based on the extracted high-level association rules, a risk detection model for personal characteristics and driving road conditions is provided to users. This enables traffic services that overcome the data bias problem and prevent potential road accidents by considering the association between data. In the performance evaluation, the proposed method is excellently evaluated as 0.778 in accuracy and 0.743 in the Kappa coefficient.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.367-378
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the features of science language in Earth science textbooks and Earth science research articles. We examined two Earth science textbooks and two Earth science articles using the taxonomy of scientific words, the text structure analysis of explanations, the analysis of conjunctive relations and reasoning, and the function of conjunction. The results showed that school science language revealed in Earth science textbooks had high proportion of naming words and the text structures in which definition/exemplification structure and description structure were dominant. Also, internal relations that showed additional arrangement rather than logical inference, were predominant in Earth science textbooks. However, scientists' science language revealed in the Earth science articles had more proportion of process words and concept words than the Earth science textbooks and the schematic structure of explanation texts, such as orientation - implication sequence - conclusion. In addition, the text structures in each sentences of implication -sequence showed cause/effect or problem-solving after description structures. Also each sentences expressed causal or abductive reasoning through the internal relations using verbs or adverbial inflection. It is necessary that we bridge the gap between the two languages for students' authentic use of science language. For the bridging, we propose "interlanguage", which mediates between school science language and scientists' language.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.51-62
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• 2020

Starting with the "Smart Grid National Road Map" in 2010, the Smart Grid 2030 was introduced through the basic plan and implementation plan of the intelligent power grid with the goal of building the world's first national smart grid. In this paper, we intend to build a power domain ontology based on the power business platform based on the upper and lower conceptual models of the "Smart Grid Interoperability Standard Framework and Roadmap", the standard of implementation plan. Ontology is suitable for expressing and utilizing the smart grid conceptual model because it considers hierarchical structure as knowledge defines the properties of entities and relationships between entities, but there is no research related to them. Therefore, in this paper, the upper ontology was defined as a major category for smart grid-related fields, and the lower ontology was defined as detailed systems and functions for the upper ontology to construct the ontology. In addition, scenarios in various situations that could occur in the power system were constructed and significant inference results were derived through inference engines and queries.