• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1180-1190
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• 1990

96 patients underwent cardiac valve replacement for valvular heart diseases consecutively between February 1986 to February 1990 in the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery of Yeungnam University Hospital. The follow up period was between 6 months and 4.5 years postoperatively[mean 23.4$\pm$13.1 months]. 75 cases got mitral valve replacement, 6 cases, aortic valve replacement, 15 cases, double valve replacement. 30[31.2%] patients were male and 66[68.8%] were female and the age ranged from 14 to 66 years old. Early hospital death within 30 days postoperation were 5 patients[5.2%], consisting of by low cardiac output in 2, infective endocarditis in 1, multiple organ failure with sepsis in 1 patient. There was no late postoperative death. Most common early postoperative complication was wound disruption [8.7%] and then low cardiac output, pneumothorax, pleural effusion in order. Most common late postoperative complications were minor bleeding episodes[8.7%] related to anticoagulant therapy which were consisted of frequent epistaxis in 3, gum bleeding in 2, hemorrhagic gastritis in 1, hypermenorrhea in 1, hematoma in right arm in 1 patient. Valve-related complications included valve thrombosis [1.6%/ patient-year], valve failure due to pannus formation[1.1% /patient-year], prosthetic valve endocarditis[1, 1%o/patient-year] and minor anticoagulant hemorrhage[4.4% /patient-year]. 5 cases of reoperations were performed in 4 patients due to valve failure and all of them were in the mitral positions[2.7% /patient-year]. Cardiothoracic ratios in the chest X-ray decreased at the 6th month and 1st year postoperation in all patients. But in New York Heart Association[NYHA] functional class IV, no change in cardiothoracic ratio was found between 6 months and 1 year postoperation. In the echocardiogram, the size of the cardiac chambers decreased, but ejection fraction increased postoperatively in each functional class. In the electrocardiogram, decreases were found in the incidence of atrial fibrillation, left atrial enlargement, left ventricular hypertrophy with right bundle branch block increasing postoperatively in each functional class. The actuarial survival rate was 98.4% for all patients, 98.7% for mitral valve replacement, 83.8% for aortic valve replacement, and 80% for double valve replacement at the end of a 4.5 year follow up period. Meanwhile the actuarial freedom rate was 91.5% for prosthetic valve endocarditis, 91.6% for thromboembolism, 89.0% for prosthetic valve failure and 83.7% for minor anticoagulant hemorrhage. Preoperative NYHA class III and IV were 75% of all patients, but 95% of all patients were up graded to NYHA class I and II postoperatively.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.225-231
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• 2002

곤충병원성 선충인 Steinernema carpocapsae All (ScA)과 포천(ScP) 계통, S.glaseri NC (SgN)와 동래(SgD) 계통, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora NC 1 계통(HbN)이 당근뿌리혹선충 (Meloidogyne hapla)의 난낭 형성에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 토마토를 이용한 pot실험을 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 450마리의 당근뿌리혹선충이 있는 100g 토양에 곤충병원성 선충을 2.5$\times$$10^{5}$ 마리 농도로 처리한 결과 ScA처리에서 9.4-36.5개, SgN처리에서 5.7-24.7개, HbN처리에서 11.2-16.0개로서 당근뿌리혹선충 단독 처리에서의 62.5개보다 난낭수가 매우 적었다. Steinernema선충을 100㎤당 100마리, 200마리의 당근뿌리혹선충에 대해 2,020마리/토양 350g와 1.6$\times$$10^{5}$ 마리 농도로 처리한 결과 Steinernema 선충의 종간, 계통별 또는 처리농도 간에는 난낭수의 차이가 없었으나, 당근뿌리혹선충 단독 처리와 비교하면 난낭수가 현저히 감소하였다 곤충병원성 선충을 당근뿌리혹선충 처리 3일 전에 처리한 것이 3일 후에 처리한 것보다 난낭 형성 억제에 더 효과적이었다. 한편, 곤충병원성 선충은 토마토의 생육에 아무런 영향을 끼치지 않았다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2001

어류의 면역반응에 대한 cadmium (Cd)의 영향을 분석하기 위하여 넙치 (Paralichthys olivaceus)를 각기 다른 방향으로 Cd에 노출시킨 후 특이적 면역반응의 변화와 Edrwrdsiella tarda KFE (E. tarda KFE)의 인위감염에 대한 저항성을 분석하였다. E. tarda KFE의 formalin killed cell (FKC)로 면역시키기 2주전부터 계속하여 실험 기간동안 침지법으로 Cd(20ppb)에 노출된 시험구는 노출되지 않은 시험구와 양성 대조구보다 혈청 내 특이 항체가가 빠르게 최고치에 이르렀으나, 감소속도는 노출시키지 않은 양성 대조구에 비하여 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 경향은 splenocytes를 ELISPOT-assay (enzyme-linked immunospot assay)를 이용하여 특이 항체 생성 세포 (specific antibody secreting cell, SASC) 수를 분석해 보았을 때에도 동일하게 나타났다. 그러나 면역 전 2주 동안만 Cd에 노출시킨 시험구에서는 혈청내 항체생성 결과와는 달리 증가된 SASC의 수를 보여 주었다. 그리고 면역 2주 전부터 실험 전기간동안 계속해서 Cd에 노출시킨 넙치를 대상으로 하여 E. tarda FKC 생균으로 인위 감염시켰을 때 100% 폐사율을 보여 주었다. 이것은 Cd에 지속적으로 노출된 어류에서의 방어 체계는 면역반응뿐만 아니라 독성효과도 함께 고려되어야 하는 복합적인 것임을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.511-517
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• 2013

Species identification using DNA sequences is the basis for DNA taxonomy. In this study, we sequenced the ribosomal large-subunit RNA gene sequences (3,037-3,061 bp) in length of 13 Chinese Theileria stocks that were infective to cattle and sheep. The complete 28S rRNA gene is relatively difficult to amplify and its conserved region is not important for phylogenetic study. Therefore, we selected the D2-D3 region from the complete 28S rRNA sequences for phylogenetic analysis. Our analyses of 28S rRNA gene sequences showed that the 28S rRNA was useful as a phylogenetic marker for analyzing the relationships among Theileria spp. in ruminants. In addition, the D2-D3 region was a short segment that could be used instead of the whole 28S rRNA sequence during the phylogenetic analysis of Theileria, and it may be an ideal DNA barcode.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2005

무궁화의 중요한 식엽성 해충인 무궁화잎밤나방(Anomis mesogona)과 큰붉은잎밤나방(Anomis commoda)에 대한 곤충병원성 선충 Steinernena carpocapsue 포천 계통(ScP)의 병원성을 실내 petri dish와 pot에서 령기별(2령, 3-4령, 5령)로 검정하였다. 큰붉은잎밤나방과 무궁화잎밤나방에 대한 반수치사농도$(LC_{50})$는 령기가 높아질수록 증가하여 선충에 대한 감수성이 감소하였는데, 2령충의 경우 각각 9.7과 4.5였다. 그리고 Pot에서도 ScP의 병원성은 령기에 따라 차이를 보였다. ScP는 큰붉은잎밤나방과 무궁화잎밤나방의 2령충에 대하여 가장 높은 치사율을 보였는데, 90,000마리/pot($=1\times10^9$ 마리/ha) 처리 시 각각 $72.5\%$와 $87.5\%$의 치사율을 보였다. 반면 3-4령충부터는 병원성이 감소하여 큰붉은잎밤나방과 무궁화잎밤나방 5령충에 대해서는 처리 5일 후, 90,000마리/pot 처리 시 각각 $5.0\%$와 $10.0\%$의 치사율만 나타내었다. Pot에 2령충과 3-4령충, 5령충을 각각 10마리씩 접종한 후, ScP를 90,000마리/pot 농도로 처리하였을 때, 큰붉은잎밤나방과 무궁화잎밤나방의 치사율은 각각 $69.2\%$와 $50.0\%$였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.250-257
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• 2016

Background: Generalization of standardized surgical techniques to treat aortic valve (AV) and aortic root diseases has benefited large numbers of patients. As a consequence of the proliferation of patients receiving aortic root surgeries, surgeons are more frequently challenged by reoperative aortic root procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of redo-aortic root replacement (ARR). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 66 patients (36 male; mean age, $44.5{\pm}9.5years$) who underwent redo-ARR following AV or aortic root procedures between April 1995 and June 2015. Results: Emergency surgeries comprised 43.9% (n=29). Indications for the redo-ARR were aneurysm (n=12), pseudoaneurysm (n=1), or dissection (n=6) of the residual native aortic sinus in 19 patients (28.8%), native AV dysfunction in 8 patients (12.1%), structural dysfunction of an implanted bioprosthetic AV in 19 patients (28.8%), and infection of previously replaced AV or proximal aortic grafts in 30 patients (45.5%). There were 3 early deaths (4.5%). During follow-up (median, 54.65 months; quartile 1-3, 17.93 to 95.71 months), there were 14 late deaths (21.2%), and 9 valve-related complications including reoperation of the aortic root in 1 patient, infective endocarditis in 3 patients, and hemorrhagic events in 5 patients. Overall survival and event-free survival rates at 5 years were $81.5%{\pm}5.1%$ and $76.4%{\pm}5.4%$, respectively. Conclusion: Despite technical challenges and a high rate of emergency conditions in patients requiring redo-ARR, early and late outcomes were acceptable in these patients.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

홍가슴루리잎벌(Arge captiva)과 장미등애잎벌(A. pagana pagana), 극동등애잎벌(A. similis)의 환경친화적 방제를 위하여 곤충병원성 선충(Heterorhabditis sp. 경산 계통, Steinernema carpocapsae GSN1 계통, S. feltiae Monteri 계통, S. glaseri 동래 계통, S. longicaudum 논산 계통, S. monticolum 지리 계통)을 이용하여 실내와 포트에서 실험을 수행하였다. 홍가슴루리잎벌 3령충에 대한 곤충병원성 선충의 병원성은 S. carpocapsae GSN1 계통과 S. feltiae Monteri 계통 처리 시, 처리 5일 후 100%의 치사율을 보였다. 홍가슴루리잎벌레 3령충에 침입한 선충의 수는 S. glaseri 동래 계통의 경우 10.2마리였으며 S. carpocapsae GSN1 계통은 4.2마리였다. 장미등애잎벌의 령기별에 따른 S. carpocapsae GSN1 계통의 병원성은 노숙화 될수록 높아 2령충과 3령충, 4령충에 대한 반수치사농도($LC_{50}$)는 각각 11.5, 9.3, 8.4 마리였다. Pot 실험에서 S. carpocapsae GSN1 계통을 $2{\times}10^9$마리/ha 농도로 처리 시, 홍가슴루리잎벌과 장미등애잎벌, 극동등애잎벌의 보정사충율은 각각 72.5, 85.0, 85.0%를 나타내었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1446-1458
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• 2013

The study assessed the effect of dietary supplementation of leaf meal mixture (LMM) containing condensed tannins (CT) on feed intake, nutrient utilization and performance of sheep infected with Haemonchus contortus. Eighteen adult sheep of similar age and body weight ($25.03{\pm}1.52$) were included in this study and out of these, 12 sheep were infected with single dose of infective third stage larvae of H. contortus at 2,000 larvae per sheep. The experimental sheep were allocated in three different groups' i.e. negative control (NC; no infection), control (C; H. contortus infected) and treatment (T; H. contortus infected+CT at 1.5% of the DM through LMM) and the experiment was conducted for a period of 90 d. The intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and digestibility of DM, OM, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) were comparable among three animal groups. However, digestibility of crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in NC group as compared to both C and T groups. Nitrogen (N) retention (g/d or % of N intake) was significantly (p = 0.038) lower in C group as compared to T and NC groups. Daily intake (g/kg $W^{0.75}$) of digestible crude protein (DCP), digestible organic matter (DOM) and total digestible nutrient (TDN) did not differ significantly (p<0.05) in the three groups. Haemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) were significantly (p<0.001) higher in treatment group as compared to control. The level of Hb and PCV reduced (p<0.001) after 30 days of experimental feeding. CT significantly (p<0.001) reduced serum urea in T group as compared to NC and C groups. Serum proteins differed significantly (p<0.01) among the three groups. The activity of serum enzymes AST, ALT, ALP and LDH were also statistically non significant (p<0.05) among treatments. The weight of abomasal lymph nodes (ALN) in T group was higher (p<0.05) than in C group. Treatment group had lower (p<0.05) total worms and fecal egg count compared to control group. It may be concluded that dietary supplementation of CT through LMM significantly improved the N retention, and inhibited the different developmental stages of Haemonchus contortus in experimental sheep.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2014

Objective : Infectious spinal disease is regarded as an infection by a specific organism that affects the vertebral body, intervertebral disc and adjacent perivertebral soft tissue. Its incidence seems to be increasing as a result of larger proportion of the older patients with chronic debilitating disease, the rise of intravenous drug abuser, and the increase in spinal procedure and surgery. In Korea, studies assessing infectious spinal disease are rare and have not been addressed in recent times. The objectives of this study are to describe the epidemiology of all kind of spinal infectious disease and their clinical and microbiological characteristics as well as to assess the diagnostic methodology and the parameters related to the outcomes. Methods : A retrospective study was performed in all infectious spinal disease cases presenting from January 2005 to April 2010 to three tertiary teaching hospitals within a city of 1.5 million in Korea. Patient demographics, risk factors, clinical features, and outcomes were assessed. Risk factors entailed the presence of diabetes, chronic renal failure, liver cirrhosis, immunosuppressants, remote infection, underlying malignancy and previous spinal surgery or procedure. We comparatively analyzed the results between the groups of pyogenic and tuberculous spinal infection. SPSS version 14 statistical software was used to perform the analyses of the data. The threshold for statistical significance was established at p<0.05. Results : Ninety-two cases fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Overall, patients of tuberculous spinal infection (TSI) and pyogenic spinal infection (PSI) entailed 20 (21.7%) and 72 (78.3%) cases, respectively. A previous spinal surgery or procedure was the most commonly noted risk factor (39.1%), followed by diabetes (15.2%). The occurrence of both pyogenic and tuberculous spondylitis was predominant in the lumbar spine. Discs are more easily invaded in PSI. At initial presentation, white cell blood count and C-reactive protein levels were higher in PSI compared to TSI (p<0.05). Etiological agents were identified in 53.3%, and the most effective method for identification of etiological agents was tissue culture (50.0%). Staphyococcus aureus was the most commonly isolated infective agent associated with pyogenic spondylitis, followed by E. coli. Surgical treatment was performed in 31.5% of pyogenic spondylitis and in 35.0% of tuberculous spondylitis cases. Conclusion : Many previous studies in Korea usually reported that tuberculous spondylitis is the predominant infection. However, in our study, the number of pyogenic infection was 3 times greater than that of tuberculous spinal disease. Etiological agents were identified in a half of all infectious spinal disease. For better outcomes, we should try to identify the causative microorganism before antibiotic therapy and make every effort to improve the result of culture and biopsy.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.217-222
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• 2020

Background Surgical reconstruction of chronic wounds is often infeasible due to infection, comorbidities, or poor viability of local tissues. The aim of this study was to describe the authors' technique for improving the regenerative and antimicrobial potential of a combination of modified nanofat and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in nonhealing infected wounds. Methods Fourteen patients met the inclusion criteria. Fat tissue was harvested from the lower abdomen following infiltration of a solution of 1,000 mL of NaCl solution, 225 mg of ropivacaine, and 1 mg of epinephrine. Aspiration was performed using a 3-mm cannula with 1-mm holes. The obtained solution was decanted and mechanically emulsified, but was not filtered. Non-activated leukocyte-rich PRP (naLR-PRP) was added to the solution before injection. Patients underwent three sessions of injection of 8-mL naLR-PRP performed at 2-week intervals. Results Thirteen of 14 patients completed the follow-up. Complete healing was achieved in seven patients (53.8%). Four patients (30.8%) showed improvement, with a mean ulcer width reduction of 57.5%±13.8%. Clinical improvements in perilesional skin quality were reported in all patients, with reduced erythema, increased thickness, and increased pliability. An overall wound depth reduction of 76.6%±40.8% was found. Pain was fully alleviated in all patients who underwent re-epithelization. A mean pain reduction of 42%±33.3% (as indicated by visual analog scale score) was found in non-re-epithelized patients at a 3-month follow-up. Conclusions The discussed technique facilitated improvement of both the regenerative and the antimicrobial potential of fat grafting. It proved effective in surgically-untreatable infected chronic wounds unresponsive to conventional therapies.