• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.291-297
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• 2000

Objective : In order to find antiviral compounds against Herpes simplex virus type I(HSV-1) and II(HSV-2) from herb medicines, a convenient virus-induced cytopathic effect(CPE) inhibition assay was introduced. Methods : Fourteen purchased herbal medicines, and their toxicity of infected cell and anti-viral activities were evaluated. Among them, the major part of herbal medicines showed cell stability compared with the contrast. Results : Cytotoxic concentration (CC) of the $H_2O$ extracts of Hyongbangpaedoksan against HSV-1 and HSV-2 was 181.12. This is high level cytotoxic concentration compared with the contrast. Therefore, we assumed that the high level cytotoxic concentration of herbal medicine play a major role in improvement of antiviral activity at the first infective cell. But antiviral effect was unable to figure out for selective index(Sl)=CC50/EC50. The other herbal medicines were unable to showed potent anti-HSV activity. Conclusions : The antiviral activation using herbs in this thesis have unlimited objects, to select research object will help to show the direction of antiviral drug development that have less side effect and more excellent efficiency.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.427-432
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• 2013

A new trichostome ciliate, Balantidium honghuensis n. sp., was isolated from the recta of Rana nigromaculata and R. limnocharis during parasite surveys in Honghu Lake, Hubei Province, central China in summmer of 2010 and 2011. Its detailed morphometric characters based on LM and SEM studies were described herein. The organism is oval in shape and thickly ciliated. The vestibulum is "V" shaped and occupies about 1/3 to 2/5 of the body length. The vestibular and nearby regions possess strong peripheral fibers which form a marked axial fiber about the cytopharynx. More than 10 contractile vacuoles are distributed along the periphery of the latter body. Comparisions were made between this new species and B. sinensis Nie, 1935. They were discriminated from each other in terms of general body forms, body size, and vestibulum shapes. Besides, special attention was paid to its high-speed daughter swarmers which we believed to be the infective stage of B. honghuensis. Possible infection routes of anura amphibian balantidia were discussed.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.49-52
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• 2018

The family Thapariellidae has been reported in only 3 countries since 1990. The objective of this study was to identify Thapariella anastomusa metacercariae in snails in Thailand based on morphological traits using a light (LM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). A total of 94 Filopaludina snails were collected and identified as 50 F. martensi martensi and 44 F. doliaris. Metacercariae of T. anastomusa were recovered from the snails by the crushing method. The overall prevalence was 22.3% (21/94), and the mean intensity was 17.0 per snail. The prevalence in F. martensi martensi was 24.0% (12/50) and F. doliaris 20.5% (9/44) with the mean intensity of 18.8 and 14.8 per snail, respectively. SEM revealed traits such as a concave ventral body and well-developed oral and ventral suckers. This study represents the first report of T. anastomusa in South East Asia. While LM and SEM observations provide novel insights into T. anastomusa metacercarial morphology and life history, the trematode's life cycle remains unclear. To date, there has been no report of T. anastomusa causing infections in humans. However, the snails F. martensi martensi and F. doliaris carrying the infective stages of T. anastomosa are frequently consumed by Thai people. This consumption, particularly uncooked snails, may present a risk of Thapariella infections in humans.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.253-259
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• 1990

Between January, 1970 and August, 1989, a total of 81 patients whose age were more than 20 years of life, received total correction for tetralogy of Fallot. This report analyzed 70 patients among them and excluded the remaining 11 patients whose clinical data could not be found. Their mean age was 25.750.39 years[range 20 \ulcorner50]. The clinical manifestations were cyanosis and clubbing [64 pts], frequent URI[40 pts], anoxic spell [19 pts], infective endo-carditis[4 pts], brain abscess[3 pts], pulmonary tuberculosis[3 pts] and CHF, chest tightness, nephrotic syndrome, left hemiplegia, and tamponade. The types of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction were combined[46 pts], pure infundibular [21 pts] and pure valvular[3 pts]. Associated cardiovascular anomalies were PFO [27 pts], ASDi8 pts], LSVC[8 pts], aortic regurgitation [5 pts], right aortic arch, coronary artery anomalies, PDA and dextrocardia. Hospital mortality was 5.7%. The causes of death ware low cardiac output [2 pts], aggravation of CRF[1 pts] and brain damage[1 pts]. There was one late death because of residual intracardiac shunt and congestive heart failure. During the follow-up period, 16 patients were lost and the remaining 49 patients were asymptomatic and leading normal lives. Residual intracardiac shunt was detected in 5 patients with radionuclide single pass study but all of them had Qp / Qs ratio less than 1.5.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.585-591
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• 2013

Recently, the combined attack which is a combination of side channel analysis and fault attack has been developed to extract the secret key during the cryptographic processes using a security device. Unfortunately, an attacker can find the private key of RSA cryptosystem through one time fault injection and power signal analysis. In this paper, we diagnosed SPA/FA resistant BNP(Boscher, Naciri, and Prouff) exponentiation algorithm as having threats to a similar combined attack. And we proposed a simple countermeasure to resist against this combined attack by randomizing the private key using error infective method.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.494-498
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• 1989

Hybridoma cell lines, which secrete monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the surface antigens of Cryptosporidium parvum Sporozoites, were produced by fusing spleen cells of C. parvum Sporozoite-immunized mice with P3-X63-Ag8 myeloma cells. Two cloned antibody-secreting cell lines, Kor1 and Ea2, were established and produced IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies, respectively. Percoll-purified sporozoites were solubilized and separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Western blot assay demonstrates that an antigen of 20-kDa was bound by monoclonals. By indirect immunofluorescence microscopy, mAb exhibited uniform binding to the sporozoite surface.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.1426-1432
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• 2018

Staphylococcus aureus causes a broad variety of diseases. The spread of multidrug-resistant S. aureus highlights the need to develop new ways to combat S. aureus infections. Sortase A (SrtA) can anchor proteins containing LPXTG binding motifs to the bacteria surface and plays a key role in S. aureus infections, making it a promising antivirulence target. In the present study, we used a SrtA activity inhibition assay to discover that isovitexin, a Chinese herbal product, can inhibit SrtA activity with an $IC_{50}$ of $28.98{\mu}g/ml$. Using a fibrinogen-binding assay and a biofilm formation assay, we indirectly proved the SrtA inhibitory activity of isovitexin. Additionally, isovitexin treatment decreased the amount of staphylococcal protein A (SpA) on the surface of the cells. These data suggest that isovitexin has the potential to be an anti-infective drug against S. aureus via the inhibition of sortase activity.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2511-2514
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• 2012

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic factors of gallbladder carcinoma. Methods: Presentation, operative data, complications, and survival outcome were examined for 132 gallbladder carcinoma patients who underwent gallbladder surgery in our unit during 2002-2007, and follow-up results were obtained from every patient for univariate and multivariate survival analysis. Results: The univariate analysis showed that gallbladder lesion history, tumor cell differentiation, Nevin staging, preoperative lymph node metastasis and the surgical approach significantly correlated with the prognosis of the patients (p<0.05). The results of the multivariate analysis (Cox regression) showed that gallbladder lesion history, Nevin staging and the surgical approach were independent predicators with relative risks of 6.9, 4.4, 2.8, respectively (p=0.002, 0.003, 0.008). Conclusion: Gallbladder lesion history, Nevin staging and the surgical approach are independent prognostic factors for gallbladder carcinoma, a rapidly fatal disease. Therefore, early diagnosis, anti-infective therapy and radical surgery are greatly needed to improve the prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 2000

Environmental stres is known to induce heat shock proteins (HSPs) in eukaryotic cells. However, the induction of HSPs in host cells by microbial infection has not yet been well explained. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the major pathogens in the pathogenesis of endovascular diseases such as infective endocarditis. In this study, the synthesis of stress-inducible 70 kDa HSP was investigated in the endothelial cells (ECs) after 3 h to 20 h of incubation with S. aureus. The dffect of S. aureus infection on the expression of HSP70 in cultured ECs was analyzed using laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). The increase of HSP70 expression in ECs infected by S. aureus ($10^4{\;}cfu/ml$) for 20 h was 1.1-fold higher than that in heat shock treated ECs and 2.2-fold higher than that in untreated cells. Heat shock is known to induce intranucleus HSP70 expression in mammalian cells, whereas the S. aureus infection induced perinuclear expression in ECs as observed by LSCM. Consequently, the expression of HSP70 in ECs plays an important role in the pathogenesis of endovascular infection.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.243-247
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• 2004

This studies was carried out to investigate a process of formation for the granulomatous lesions in the liver and the haematological variation with the lapse of time after infection of Capillaria hepatica in dogs. Twelve crossbred puppies, about 3 months of age and 2-3 kg of body weight, were administered with 2,000 Capillaria hepatica infective eggs. Every four puppies was sacrificed on 1 week, 3 weeks and 5 weeks after infection, respectively. Although no marked clinical sign was noticed, total leukocyte values were increased peak on 1 week, and then reduced gradually on 3 weeks and 5 weeks after infection. Absolute differential counts of neutrophils and lymphocytes were significantly increased on 1, 3 and 5 weeks after infection. Absolute differential counts of monocytes and eosinophils were trend to increase during the experimental periods. On grossly findings, liver congestions were observed in all infected puppies, and a few white specks were scattered under liver capsule in one puppy on 3 weeks and two puppies on 5 weeks after infection. On microscopic findings, many fresh larvae were observed in the liver tissues in one puppy on 1 week after infection. A worm was decayed and only a portion of cuticle was shown in one puppy on 3 weeks after infection. Around the central necrotic material, the layers of thick macrophages with a few giant cells and lymphocytes with fibrous connective tissues were consisted the granulomatous lesions on 5 weeks after infection.