• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.79-81
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• 1984

대추나무가 대추나무 빗자루병(病)마이코플라스마(Jujube witches' broom mycoplasma)에 감염(感染)되었을 때 식물체내(植物体內)의 단백질상(蛋白質像)에 어떠한 변화(變化)가 일어나는가를 위해, 잎과 줄기조직(組織)의 단백질추출액(蛋白質抽出液)을 2-30% polyacylamide linear gradient disc gel 상(上)에서 전기영동(電氣泳動)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1) 건전조직(健全組織)과 감염조직(感染組織)의 단백질기영동상(蛋白質氣泳動像) 간(間)에는 뚜렷한 차이(差異)를 보였다. 즉, 건전엽(健全葉)에서 뚜렷하게 나타난 단백질영동대(蛋白質泳動帶) (분자량(分子量) 약(約) 50 kd)가 감염엽(感染葉)에서는 관찰(觀察)되지 않았다. 한편, 감염엽(感染葉)에서는 25 kd의 영동대(泳動帶)가, 그리고 건전엽(健全葉)에서는 198 kd의 영동대(泳動帶)가 각각(各各) 강(强)하게 나타났다. 2) 감염주내(感染珠內)의 외관상건전엽(外觀上健全葉)에서는 50 kd의 특이영동대(特異泳動帶)가 다소(多少) 약(弱)하게 나타남으로써 건전목(健全木)의 엽(葉)과 감염엽(感染葉)의 중간상태(中間狀態)의 단백질영동상(蛋白質泳動像)을 보였다. 3) 줄기의 경우 잎과는 대조적(對照的)으로, 건전(健全)줄기에 없는 특이영동대(特異泳動帶)(335 kd)가 감염(感染)줄기에서 나타났다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2013

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the most important disease viruses in cattle that can cause severe economical losses due to decreased fertility, abortion, diarrhea, and respiratory symptoms. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate prevalence of BVDV infection (Transiently infection, Persistently infection) in dairy cattle in Gyeongnam southern area, Korea and use this data as the basis for establishing an eradication program and policy. A total of 44 bulk-tank milk samples (farms) collected in milk collecting center were tested for BVDV antibody using an ELISA. As the result, out of a total of 44 bulk-tank milk samples (farms), 38 (86.4%) samples were BVDV antibody positive. Blood samples (17 farms, n=543) were collected from BVDV antibody positive farms in bulk-tank milk, tested for BVDV antigen with ELISA and PCR. BVDV infected farms were 47% (8/17) and BVDV infected head were 2.2% (12/543). Persistently infected cattle (PI) were detected at 6 (35.3%) farms out of 17 farms and a total of 6 (1.1%) out of 543 head of cattle were identified as PI. The seropositive of BVDV antibody at farms and head were 100% (17/17) and 49.45% (91/184), respectively. The seroprevalence of BVDV antibody in PI infected farms (67.35%) much higher than that of BVDV antibody in transiently infected cattle (TI) infected farms (45%) and uninfected farms (34.48%). For eradication of BVDV infection in cattle populations, First of all, we should remove PI and need vaccination.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2016

In this experiment, we proposed and implemented a disease forecasting system using a received signal strength indication ZigBee-based wireless network with a 3-axis acceleration sensor to detect illness at an early stage by monitoring movement of experimentally infected weaned piglets. Twenty seven piglets were divided into control, Salmonella enteritidis (SE) infection, and Escherichia coli (EC) infection group, and their movements were monitored for five days using wireless sensor nodes on their backs. Data generated showed the 3-axis movement of piglets (X-axis: left and right direction, Y-axis: anteroposterior direction, and Z-axis: up and down direction) at five different time periods. Piglets in both infected groups had lower weight gain and feed intake, as well as higher feed conversion ratios than the control group (p<0.05). Infection with SE and EC resulted in reduced body temperature of the piglets at day 2, 4, and 5 (p<0.05). The early morning X-axis movement did not differ between groups; however, the Y-axis movement was higher in the EC group (day 1 and 2), and the Z-axis movement was higher in the EC (day 1) and SE group (day 4) during different experimental periods (p<0.05). The morning X and Y-axis movement did not differ between treatment groups. However, the Z-axis movement was higher in both infected groups at day 1 and lower at day 4 compared to the control (p<0.05). The midday X-axis movement was significantly lower in both infected groups (day 4 and 5) compared to the control (p<0.05), whereas the Y-axis movement did not differ. The Z-axis movement was highest in the SE group at day 1 and 2 and lower at day 4 and 5 (p<0.05). Evening X-axis movement was highest in the control group throughout the experimental period. During day 1 and 2, the Z-axis movement was higher in both of the infected groups; whereas it was lower in the SE group during day 3 and 4 (p<0.05). During day 1 and 2, the night X-axis movement was lower and the Z-axis movement was higher in the infected piglets (p<0.05). Overall, the movement of infected piglets was altered, and the acceleration sensor could be successfully employed for monitoring pig activity.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.45-61
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• 1988

Clonorchiasis should be realized as an important public health problems in Korea by their wide distribution, high prevalence rate and heavy infection intensity. This study was designed to obtain the infection rate, contributing factors as well as the behavior of infected persons among the factory workers in Pohang area where that parasite still remains as a problem. Study was undertaken from September '86 to October '87. Clonorchiasis skin test was performed for 3180 factory workers, and stools of skin test positive reactors were examined. Praziquantel was prescribed to stool examination positive persons for clonorchis sinensis ova. After one year. stool examination was repeated for them who received medicine. At the same time. a structured questionnaire was given and the results were analyzed and compared with control group. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1. The infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis. 1) Clonorchiassis skin test positive rate was $26.2\%$ (834/3180). 2) Stool(Clonorchis sinensis ova) positive rate among skin test positive reactors was $21.6\%$ (129/598) All 129 infected persons were male. 2. Contributing factors of Clonorchis sinensis infection. 1) The chance of infection was higher in low-educated peple(p<0.01) 2) Stool(Clonorchis sinensis ova)positive rate was higher among the persons who reside near the riverside now(p<0.01), or among the persons who long history of riverside residence(p<0.01) 3) The infection rate was higher in thoes who like sliced raw fresh water fishes than in those who like cooked fishes(p<0.05). 4) Correct answering rate for questions about the cause and route of Clonorchis sinensis infection was low in infected persons. 5) The infection rate was lower among those who had experience of previous clonorchiasis test(p<0.01). 6) Family members of infected persons show higher rates of infection(p <0.01). 3. Treatment effect and compliance of infected person to treatment. 1) After one year, negative stool conversion rate was $85.4\%$. 2) $70.8\%$ of infected persons took the medicine; Only $3.1\%$ of them consulted to physician to know the medication effect; As many as $29.4\%$ of them continued to consume raw fresh water fishes. As a conclusion, City of Pohang area, Hyung San River in the center, is an endemic area of clonorchiasis. Current clonorchiasis control system seemed to be ineffective; many of the skin test positive group did not submitted their stool for examination; only $70.8\%$ of infected persons took the medicine even though the drugs were given free of charge; $29.4\%$ continued to consume raw fresh water fishes after taking medicine. Therefore. proper education program should be provided to improve the compliance to treatment. Follow-up for infected cases is mandatory to prevent waste of restricted budget.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.34-42
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• 2018

송이는 매우 고가의 버섯이기 때문에 세계 여러 나라에서 인공재배를 시도하고 있다. 지금까지 야외 조건에서 인공적으로 송이 발생을 성공시킨 예는 송이 감염묘를 이용한 방법뿐이다. 국립산림과학원은 2000년부터 송이 감염묘 방법을 다시 연구하여 2010년과 2017년에 각각 송이 발생 재현에 성공하였다. 이 결과는 송이 감염묘를 이용하여 송이가 인공재배 가능하다는 것을 입증한 것이며, 세계 최초로 송이 인공재배가 성공한 사례가 된다. 송이 감염묘 이식 후 6년 6개월만인 2010년 10월에 송이가 처음 발생하였다. 그리고 또 다시 송이 감염묘 이식 후 13년 5개월 또는 15년 5개월이 경과된 시점인 2017년 9월에 송이 5개가 재 발생하였다. 송이 감염묘 소나무와 발생한 송이 사이의 거리는 12 cm (6.6년), 90~115 cm (13.5년), 95 cm (15.5년)으로 나타났다. 송이 버섯 발생은 지온이 $19^{\circ}C$이하로 떨어진 이후 13~16일 사이에서 관찰되었다. 결론적으로 송이 감염묘법은 송이를 인공재배 할 수 있는 현재까지의 유일한 방법으로, 앞으로도 송이 자실체 발생에 영향을 끼치는 환경 인자들을 지속적으로 연구할 필요가 있다.

• 환경생물
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.486-492
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• 2013

최근 국내의 양식 메기에 표피 박리와 근육 괴사를 특징으로 하는 새로운 질병이 발생하였다. 그 폐사율은 낮으나 질병으로 인한 상품가치의 저하로 경제적 손실이 크다. 병어로부터 원인균을 분리하고 자연감염어와 인위감염어의 병리학적 변화를 관찰하였다. 원인균은 Aeromonas veronii로 동정되었으며, 원인균을 건강어에 인위감염시켜 폐사 및 증상의 발현을 매일 관찰하였다. 인위감염된 어류의 증상은 자연감염어와 유사하였으며 원인균을 감염시킨 후 7일 이내에 모두 폐사하였다. 병어의 조직표본을 제작하여 관찰한 결과, 자연감염어의 간, 비장, 신장의 울혈 및 간세포 변성과 비장 협조직의 초자적변성이 관찰되었으며, 특히 심장에서 염증성 변성과 세균응집체가 관찰되었다. 소화관에서의 울혈과 점막고 유층의 섬유화 현상도 특징적이었다. 자연감염어에 비해 약한 경향이지만 인위감염어의 조직학적 변화도 관찰되었으며, 소화관에서의 조직학적 변성은 관찰되지 않았다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.185-194
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• 1994

T. gonnii의 Beverley주를 감염시킨 마우스(감염군)로부터 분리한 복강대식세포에 cytokine의 종류 및 농도에 따른 대식세포의 활성화 정도를 평가하기 위하여 복강대식세포 단세포층에 medium, 조제 Iymphokine, 재조합 tumornecrosis $factor-{\alpha}{\;}(TNF-{\alpha})$. 재조합 $interferon-{\gamma}{\;}(IFN-{\gamma})$, 및 재조합 $IFN-{\gamma}와{\;}TNF-{\alpha}$를 함께($IFN-{\gamma}/TNF-{\alpha}$) 처치한 후, 각 처치군별 $H_2O_2{\;}생산량,{\;}NO2^{-}$ 생산량 및 T. gondii의 대식세포내 침투억제능을 측정하였다. 감염군의 복강대식세포에 $IFN-{\gamma}{\;}처치시{\;}NO2^{-}$ 생산량은 농도에 따라 유의하게 증가하였으나 그외의 처치군에서는 농도에 따른 유의한 차이가 없었다. 감염군 대식세포에 $IFN-{\gamma}나{\;}IFN-{\gamma}/TNF-{\alpha}$ 처치시 $H_2O_2$ 생산량이 medium처치군보다 유의하게 증가하였으며. $NO2^{-}$ 생산량은 $TNF-{\alpha},{\;}IFN-{\gamma}나{\;}IFN-{\gamma}/TNF-{\alpha}$ 처치시 유의하게 증가하였다. 감염군에 cytokine 처치시 T. gondii의 대식세포내 침투억제능은 medium 처치시보다 모두 증가되었다 또한 정상군과 감염군의 $H_2O_2$ 생산량, $NO2^{-}$ 생산량 및 T. gondii의 대식세포내 침투억제능을 상호 비교시 $IFN-{\gamma}$ 처치군은 유의한 차이를 나타냈으나 그 외의 cytokine 처치군에서는 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 이상의 성적으로 보아 $IFN-{\gamma}$가 Toxoplosma감염 마우스 복강대식세포의 활성화에도 중요한 역할을 함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.191-194
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• 1997

Two cases of infection of Dipylidium caninum In dog is reported in Chonbuk area. Clinically, gravid proglotiid and eggs were present on the anal area and feces of dogs Infected with Dipylidium caninum. And the infected dogs were revealed diarrhea, wean, anorexia, emaciated and steady growth.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.125-132
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• 1992

Toxoplasma gondii이 약독주인 Beverley주, Fukaya주 띤 MR49주를 각각 감염시킨 BALB/c 마우스에서 발현되는 세포매개 성 및 체액성 면역반응을 비교 관찰할 목적으로 매주 1회씩 10주에 걸쳐 각각 3마리씩 취하여, 소정의 과정을 거쳐 준비한 비장세포에 concanavalin A(Con. A), lipopolysaccharide(LPS) 및 Toxoplasma Iysate를 처리한 후 아세포화 반응의 정도를[3H]-thymidine의 전입량으로 측정, 평가하는 한편, 혈청내 IgG 및 IgM 항체가를 효소결합면역흡착법 (ELISA)으로 측정, 분석하였다. Con. A 및 Toxoplasma Iysate로 처리시 비장세포의 아세포화 반응은 3개주 감염군 모두 대조군에 비해 감염후 1주부터 유의하게 감소되었으나, LPS로 처리시 3개 주 감염군 모두 대조군에 비해 유의한 차이가 없었다 또한 각 주별 감염 마우스 상호간에도 유의 한 차이가 없었다. 혈청내 IgG 항체가는 3개주 감염군 모두 감염후 2주부터 7주까지 계속적으로 증가한 후 그 항체가가 지속되었으며, IgM 항체가는 1주에서 4주 사이에 현저히 높았다. 그러나 카 주별 감염 마우스의 혈청내 IgG 및 IgM 항체가 상호간에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이상의 성적으로 보아 T. gondii의 Beverley주, Fukaya주 및 ME49주를 각각 감염시킨 마우스에 있어 감염 초기에는 세포매개성 면역반응이 억제되며, 체액성 면역반응에 있어 IgM 항체는 감염 초기에 증가하였고 IgG 항체는 초기부터 높은 수준으로 장기간 지속됨을 알 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.280-287
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• 2016

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) has a long history in Sri Lanka and was found to be endemic in various parts of the country and constitutes a constant threat to farmers. In Sri Lanka, currently there is no regular, nationwide vaccination programme devised to control FMD. Therefore, improving farmers' knowledge regarding distinguishing FMD from other diseases and ensuring prompt reporting of any suspicion of FMD as well as restricting movement of animals are critical activities for an effective FMD response effort. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between farmers' knowledge levels and their behaviors to establish a strategy to control FMD. In our study, item count technique was applied to estimate the number of farmers that under-report and sell FMD-infected animals, although to do so is prohibited by law. The following findings were observed: about 63% of farmers have very poor knowledge of routes of FMD transmission; 'under-reporting' was found to be a sensitive behavior and nearly 23% of the farmers were reluctant to report FMD-infected animals; and 'selling FMD-infected animals' is a sensitive behavior among high-level knowledge group while it is a non-sensitive behavior among the low-level knowledge group. If farmers would understand the importance of prompt reporting, they may report any suspected cases of FMD to veterinary officials. However, even if farmers report honestly, they do not want to cull FMD-infected animals. Thus, education programs should be conducted not only on FMD introduction and transmission, but also its impact. Furthermore, consumers may criticize the farmers for culling their infected animals. Hence, not only farmers, but also consumers need to be educated on the economic impact of FMD and the importance of controlling an outbreak. If farmers have a high knowledge of FMD transmission, they consider selling FMD-infected animals as a sensitive behavior. Therefore, severe punishment should be levied for selling FMD-infected animals.