• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.645-650
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• 1998

To assess the relationship between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism and myocardial infarction in Koreans, we recruited 112 healthy, unrelated subjects (mean age 53.4 years) and 104 myocardial infarction survivors (mean age 54.2 years) of both sexes. An insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the ACE gene was typed by polymerase chain reaction. The I allelic frequency of ACE gene in Korean subjects was irrelavant to myocardial infarction (patients, 65 control subjects 66%), as was true with the D allele. When compared with other populations, the frequency of D allele in Koreans (0.34) was lower than that in Caucasians, and was close to that of other Oriental populations. The data suggest that the ACE gene polymorphism is not an independent genetic risk factor for myocardial infarction in Koreans.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.134-143
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• 1998

Background : The purpose of this study was to investigate the prodromal of cerebral infarction in attacked patients and to prove the traditional hypothesis that some symptoms were to be prodromes of cerebral infarction in the oriental medicine. Methods : The questionnaire which was based on symptoms of traditional hypothesis was distributed cerebral infarction patients who were confirmed by Brain CT or MRI.. Results : Fifty-six patients(93.3%) felt some symptoms within three years before onset. Most common prodromal symptoms was dizziness(50%), failure of memory(45%), numbness of arm(45%). Conclusion : This results suggest that the prodromal symptoms before cerebral infarction can be regarded as predicting sign. and we think that these research may contributed to preventing stroke and relapse.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

1. Purpose Stroke is the most frequent cause of mortality and morbidity rate in Korea with coronary heart disease and cancer. The ischemic type of stroke is increasing tendency. The purpose of this studies is to examine the hematologic difference between cb infarction patients and Korean normal adults. 2. Method The study group consisted of neurologically confirmd 50 cb-infarction patients as the case group and 278 patients as control group that they had no significant result by CT through early examination of stroke in Cheonan oriental hospital of Daejeon university. We tested and compared RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC, PT, PTT, total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, GOT GPT, $\gamma$-GTP, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C, glucose, BUN, creatinine, Na, K in the both group. 3. Result In the sample group(cb infarction group), there were many patients with low RBC count but no significant and with low hemoglobin, hematocrit(p<0.05). Thereas, increased WBC count and delayed PTT were showed respectively 20%, 36% in patient group, 7.9%, 4.7% in normal group(p<0.05). Comparing the LFT between cb infarction patients and normal adults, we founded significant cases with low HDL-C level, high glucose level, low potassium level in patient group(p<0.05). But the percentage of high total cholesterol level and triglyceride level were 18%, 29%(norma1 group), 20%, 28%(cb infarction group) respectively, there were no significant difference. 4. Conclusion In this study, we demonstrated that low HDL-C level and high glucose level is one of important risk factor of cb infarction. Also prospective studies are needed to evaluate many risk factor(hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC, cholesterol, triglyceride, K, etc) of cb infarction.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2009

This study was tried to analyze the diagnosis of patients with cerebral infarction by sequence modeling that was one of data mining analysis method and find out previous disease or complication of patients with cerebral infarction. Mass data that the diagnosis code of cerebral infarction was 163 in 2000 to 2007 were extracted from A hospital's database and then the data mart was constructed for analysis. Total 2,267 patients illnesses were diagnosed as cerebral infarction and 32,692 cases related diagnosis were extracted. Sequence modeling in Clementine 12.0 program was used to analyze diagnosis of patients with cerebral infarction and 8 meaningful rules were found in this paper. This result could be used as a basic data to make secondary cerebral infarction prevention program and to prevent complication of cerebral infarction.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.331-336
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• 2007

Objective : The aim of this study was to analyze the treatment results and prognostic factors in patients with massive cerebral infarction who underwent decompressive craniectomy. Methods : From January 2000 to December 2005, we performed decompressive craniectomy in 24 patients with massive cerebral infarction. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records, radiological findings, initial clinical assessment using the Glasgow Coma Scale, serial computerized tomography (CT) with measurement of midline and septum pellucidum shift, and cerebral infarction territories. Patients were evaluated based on the following factors : the pre- and post-operative midline shifting on CT scan, infarction area or its dominancy, consciousness level, pupillary light reflex and Glasgow Outcome Scale. Results : All 24 patients (11 men, 13 women; mean age, 63 years; right middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory, 17 patients; left MCA territory, 7 patients) were treated with large decompressive craniectomy and duroplasty. The average time interval between the onset of symptoms and surgical decompression was 2.5 days. The mean Glasgow Coma Scale was 12.4 on admission and 8.3 preoperatively. Of the 24 surgically treated patients, the good outcome group (Group 2 : GOS 4-5) comprised 9 cases and the poor outcome group (Group1 : GOS 1-3) comprised 15 cases. Conclusion : We consider decompressive craniectomy for large hemispheric infarction as a life-saving procedure. Good preoperative GCS, late clinical deterioration, small size of the infarction area, absence of anisocoria, and preoperative midline shift less than 11mm were considered to be positive predictors of good outcome. Careful patient selection based on the above-mentioned factors and early operation may improve the functional outcome of surgical management for large hemispheric infarction.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.61 no.5
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• pp.548-558
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• 2018

Objective : Diagnosing acute cerebral infarction is crucial in determining prognosis of stroke patients. Although many serologic tests for prompt diagnosis are available, the clinical application of serologic tests is currently limited. We investigated whether $S100{\beta}$, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), D-dimer, and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) can be used as biomarkers for acute cerebral infarction. Methods : Focal cerebral ischemia was induced using the modified intraluminal filament technique. Mice were randomly assigned to 30-minute occlusion (n=10), 60-minute occlusion (n=10), or sham (n=5) groups. Four hours later, neurological deficits were evaluated and blood samples were obtained. Infarction volumes were calculated and plasma $S100{\beta}$, MMP-9, D-dimer, and HSP70 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results : The average infarction volume was $12.32{\pm}2.31mm^3$ and $46.9{\pm}7.43mm^3$ in the 30- and 60-minute groups, respectively. The mean neurological score in the two ischemic groups was $1.6{\pm}0.55$ and $3.2{\pm}0.70$, respectively. $S100{\beta}$, MMP-9, and HSP70 expressions significantly increased after 4 hours of ischemia (p=0.001). Furthermore, $S100{\beta}$ and MMP-9 expressions correlated with infarction volumes (p<0.001) and neurological deficits (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in D-dimer expression between groups (p=0.843). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) showed high sensitivity and specificity for MMP-9, HSP70 (AUC=1), and $S100{\beta}$ (AUC=0.98). Conclusion : $S100{\beta}$, MMP-9, and HSP70 can complement current diagnostic tools to assess cerebral infarction, suggesting their use as potential biomarkers for acute cerebral infarction.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2022

Myocardial infarction promotes cardiac remodeling and myocardial fibrosis, thus leading to cardiac dysfunction or heart failure. Peiminine has been regarded as a traditional anti-fibrotic Chinese medicine in pulmonary fibrosis. However, the role of peiminine in myocardial infarction-induced myocardial injury and fibrosis remained elusive. Firstly, rat model of myocardial infarction was established using ligation of the left coronary artery, which were then intraperitoneally injected with 2 or 5 mg/kg peiminine once a day for 4 weeks. Echocardiography and haemodynamic evaluation results showed that peiminine treatment reduced left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and enhanced maximum rate of increase/decrease of left ventricle pressure (± dP/dt max) and left ventricular systolic pressure, which ameliorate the cardiac function. Secondly, myocardial infarction-induced myocardial injury and infarct size were also attenuated by peiminine. Moreover, peiminine inhibited myocardial infarction-induced increase of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α production, as well as the myocardial cell apoptosis, in the rats. Thirdly, peiminine also decreased the myocardial fibrosis related protein expression including collagen I and collagen III. Lastly, peiminine reduced the expression of p38 and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in rat model of myocardial infarction. In conclusion, peiminine has a cardioprotective effect against myocardial infarction-induced myocardial injury and fibrosis, which can be attributed to the inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.9-15
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• 2000

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotection effect of estrogen on brain atrophy following cerebral infarction. Method : All animals in this study were classified into 4 groups; ovariectomy group (OVXgroup), cerebral infarction group (INF group), combination ovariectomy and cerebral infarction group (OVX + INF group), and naturally intact group for control data (NOR group). Cerebral infarction was made by Chen's method with some modification. Ovariectomy was performed by Wayforth's method. Experimental data for each group was collected at 15 days, month, 3 months, and 6 months after starting observation. Serum $17{\beta}-estradiol(E2)$ was determined by radioimmunoassay. Brain volume was measured and calculated with image analysis. Each brain was sliced at intervals of 2mm in chamber after 30 min of freezing in refregerater. Cerebral volume was obtained by sum of volume of each slice level, which was mean $area{\;}{\times}{\;}2mm$. Results : Cerebral ischemia was found to decrease the serum concentration of $17{\beta}-{\;}estradiol(E2)$ and to inhibit the physiologically conpensatary function of the ovariectomized rats. Also we found that deprivation of estrogen have resulted in more severe cerebral atrophy followed by cerebral infarction. Conclusion : It is suggested that estrogen has a neuroprotection effect on cerebral atrophy following cerebral infarction.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.293-298
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• 2005

Objective : The authors investigate the spatial characteristics of apoptotic genes expressed around the focal cerebral infarction, and attempted to explain the penumbra with them. Methods : A delayed focal cerebral infarction was created in twelve adult Sprague-Dawley rats. We performed the immunohistochemical staining for the apoptosis, bcl-2 and p53 proteins and measured the local cerebral blood flow [CBF] at the infarction core area and peri-infarct area pre- and intra-operatively. The peri-infarct area was divided into six sectors by distance from the infarction border. Results : The size [$mm^2$] of apoptosis, bcl-2, and p53 areas were $3.1{\pm}1.2$, $4.7{\pm}2.1$, and $6.8{\pm}2.4$, respectively. Apoptosis, bcl-2 or p53 positive cells were concentrated at the peri-infarct area adjacent to the infarction core. Their numbers reduced peripherally, which was inversely proportional to the local CBF. The p53 area seems to overlap with and larger than the ischemic penumbra. Conclusion : The p53 positive area provides a substitutive method defining the penumbra under the molecular base of knowledge.

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.125-137
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• 2000

the aim of this study was to investigate whether osteoporosis can be advanced after cerebral infarction Of not and role of female sex hormone. all animals were classified 4 groups; group of ovariectomy (OVXgroup) group of cerebral infarction( INF group), group of combination ovariectomy and cerebral infarction(OVX + INF group), naturally intact group for control data (NOR group ). cerebral infarction was made by Chen,s method with some modification and ovariectomy was performed by Wayforth,s method. experimental data was collected at 15 days, 1 month, 3 months and 6months after starting observation. serum 17 ${{\beta}-estradiol\;(E_2)}$ was determined by radioimmunoassay, for comparision of osteoporosis formation, bone density, serum osteocalcin, Serum total calcium and phosphorus, Serum AST Concentration, Serum ALT Concentration, Creatinine Concentration were also calculated. we have found that cerebral ischemia decreases not only the serum concentration of 17 ${{\beta}-estradiol\;(E_2)}$ and inhibits but also the physiologically compensatory function of the ovariectomized rats and that the decreased estrogen concentration followed by cerebral infarction have not produced osteoporosis, regretfully.