• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.81-88
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• 1993

This survey was conduced to investigate the feeding methods of mothers in Suwon, Kyungkido. Incidence of breast feeding was 29.9eA of the Interviewed mothers, which showed lower percentages than those of previous surveys. The jai or factors influencing the method of infant feeding were generally depended on mother rather than infant. The mothers who had a higher income and a higher academic career tended to pre(or the bottle feeding to the other. md first birth order made them select the breast feeding rather than the other. Generally mothers knew the information about infant nutrition very well (91.0%), but their knowledge actually did not work. The sources of mother's Information on the Infant nutrition were the books of rearing infants and magazine. But there were some discrepancies between the actual and needed source of information : i.e. mothers wanted to acquire their information from mass communication.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.731-738
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• 2021

Herein, a novel analytical method using a high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector (HPLC/FLD) is developed for rapidly measuring an L-carnitine ester derivative in infant powdered milk. In this study, solid-phase extraction cartridges filled with derivatized methanol and distilled water were used to effectively separate L-carnitine. Protein precipitation pretreatment was carried out to remove the protein and recover the analyte extract with a high recovery (97.16%-106.56%), following which carnitine in the formula was derivatized to its ester form. Precolumn derivation with 1-aminoanthracene (1AA) was carried out in a phosphate buffer using 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) as the catalyst. Method validation was performed following the AOAC guidelines. The calibration curves were linear in the L-carnitine concentration range of 0.1-2.5 mg/L. The lower limit of quantitation and limit of detection of L-carnitine were 0.076 and 0.024 mg/L, respectively. The intra- and interday precision and recovery results were within the allowable limits. The results showed that our method helped reduce the sample preparation time. It also afforded higher resolution and better reproducibility than those obtained by traditional methods. Our method is suitable for detecting the quantity of L-carnitine in infant powdered milk containing a large amount of protein or starch.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.617-625
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 조제분유 및 조제식의 중금속 함량 실태 조사를 통해 우리나라 영 유아가 해당 식품을 섭취할 경우 중금속 노출수준에 따른 위해성을 평가하였다. 중금속 함량 실태조사를 위해 국내 유통 중인 조제분유 및 조제식 204건을 수거하여 분석한 결과, 납 함량은 평균 0.0004(조제우유)-0.010(영유아용 조제식) mg/kg이었고, 카드뮴 함량은 평균 0.002(조제우유)-0.007(성장기용 조제식) mg/kg이었으며 비소 함량은 평균 0.004(조제우유)-0.040(영유아용 조제식) mg/kg이었다. 조제분유 및 조제식을 최대로 섭취할 경우 중금속 노출량은 $0.78-1.04{\mu}g$ Pb/d, $0.65-0.87{\mu}g$ Cd/d, $2.25-3.00{\mu}g$ As/d으로 인체섭취한계량의 2.0-4.5%, 7.1-16.0%, 0.4-0.9%이었다. 따라서, 국내 유통되는 조제분유 및 조제식 섭취로 인한 중금속 노출수준은 JECFA 및 WHO의 인체노출안전기준보다 낮은 위해도를 보임으로써, 우리나라 영 유아는 조제분유 및 조제식에 존재하는 중금속의 위해성으로부터 안전한 것으로 사료된다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.116-126
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of infant dyschezia as well as pediatrician awareness regarding this disease in Indonesia. Methods: This is a two-part cross-sectional study, which was divided into study A and B. Study A: Parents whose infants were under 9 months old and attended well-baby clinics were recruited at two randomly selected primary health centers. Parents also provided information on the infant's previous medical history, and socio-demographic and family details. The Rome IV criteria was translated and validated to be used for diagnosis of infant dyschezia. Study B: Randomly selected pediatricians were surveyed by using a questionnaire to evaluate their knowledge regarding infant dyschezia. Results: The prevalence of infant dyschezia based on the result of this study was 11.8%. Three risk factors had a significant relationship with infant dyschezia i.e., the number of children in the family (odds ratio [OR], 5.619; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.194-14.390; p<0.001), complementary food diet (OR, 4.238; 95% CI, 1.902-9.443; p<0.001), and social-emotional disturbance (OR, 5.670; 95% CI, 2.550-12.609; p<0.001). The percentage of pediatricians correctly diagnosed infant dyschezia was 71.5%. Most pediatricians agreed that they did not perform any diagnostic testing (79.7%) and only provided education in cases of infant dyschezia (58.5%). Conclusion: The prevalence of infant dyschezia identified in our study was higher than that in other neighboring Asian countries, with the highest prevalence observed in infants 7-9 months old. Being an only child, receiving complementary food diet, and sociao-emotional disturbances were significant risk factors of infant dyschezia.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.3-15
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• 1986

This study was intended to investigate the rheological properties of the development formula of infant foods and the results are summarized as follow ; 1) Consistency of starch solutions measured by Brabender Anylograph and Brookfield viscometer showed that waxy rice and riece with malt had lower consistency and more rheological stability.The flow type of tested raw materials and formula was found to ？ pseudoplastic, as judged by n-value of 0.332 -0.692, and no yield value. 2) The influenced of temperature on consistency could be accounted for by the equation, In (n) = K(1/T) + const. this relationship indicated that consistency of tested sample increased as temperature decreased. The consistency of waxy rice, rice with malt and formula A were less affected by the temperature change. 3) Infant foods with malt(formula A ) ad with waxy rice maintained better freeze-thaw stability in terms of consistency and starch aggregation indicating that this infant food could be stored for a long term in the freezer section of the home refrigeratory without adverse effect on the product quality. 4) From the above experiments, it would necessarily follow that infant food can be easily made at home the food-stuffs generally available around us, and that the easiest and safest way to store them lies in making them into semisolid state, and in keeping them in frozen state.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.468-475
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was evaluate the perception on the relationship between feeding and atopic dermatitis of infants. The results are summarized as follows:. The feeding method of atopic dermatitis infant was composed of breast feeding 26.9%, bottle feeding 50.9%, and mixed feeding 22.2%. 95.3% of the subjects recognized mother's meal during breast feeding were transmitted to infant, but 30.8% of breast feeding restricted their foods. Weaning food was recognized as a nutritional supplement primarily. 61.5% of the subjects perceived the relation between food and atopic dermatitis and 58.8% of the subject perceived atopic dermatitis infants will be cured by growing. 39.9% of the subjects answered that special food developed and made worse atopic dermatitis in their infants. Egg, mackerel, milk, pork, chicken scored high as doubtful food related with atopic dermatitis. It is necessary to find out the food that develop atopic dermatitis symtoms and make guidelines for diet therapy for the infants with atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.469-476
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• 1991

속초시에 거주하는 6개월에서 20개월 사이의 영유아 170명(남아 98명, 72명)을 대상으로 1991년 3월 25일에서 4월 5일 사이에 영유아들의 어머니들에게 설문지로 이유실태를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 어머니의 학력수준은 79.4%가 고졸 이상이며 주부가 69.4% 직장근무 17.1%, 부업 및 시간제 근무가 13.5% 이었다. 영유아의 이유이전의 수유방법은 모유영양이 40.0%, 인공영양이 44.1% 및 혼합영양이 15.9%이었다. 모유의 수유기간은 최고 18개월까지로 나타났으며 인공영양아를 제외한 대상자중에서 평균 수유기간은 6.3개월 이었다. 이유의 시작시기는 대상자 전체가 2개월에서부터 12개월로 평균 5.6개월이었으며, 이유의 완료시기는 전체가 6개월에서부터 12개월로 평균 11.4개월 이었다. 제일 먼저 먹인 이유식은 과일 쥬스류가 전체의 78.2%이었다. 식품의 종류별로 이유식의 사용빈도에서 대상자의 75.9%가 곡류를 자주 사용한다고 하여서 당질위주의 이유식이 이루어 졌으며, 육어류와 채소의 사용빈도는 낮았다. 시판이유보충식의 사용여부는 주 3회이상 사용하는 경우가 44.7% 이었으며 대개가 분말 및 액상형태인 제품이었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.235-240
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 분유 중 아플라톡신 $M_1$을 면역친화성칼럼을 이용하여 정제하고 HPLC로 분리하였으며 형광검출기로 정량 분석하는 시험법을 확립하였다. 이 시험법을 이용하여 439건의 시료에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 아플라톡신 $M_1$의 검출농도는 평균 2.6 ng/kg(불검출-14.9 ng/kg)로 나타났으며, 검출률은 64%로 조사되었다. 본 연구의 오염도자료를 이용한 분유 중 아플라톡신 $M_1$의 노출량 및 위해 수준은 연령별로 비교했을 때 신생아에게서 가장 높게 나타났으나 초과간암발생률은 1년에 백만명 중 0.02명 정도로서 위해수준은 매우 낮은 것으로 평가 되었다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.475-483
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• 1995

This study was undertaken to determine factors associated with infant feeding practices among highly educated Korean mothers living in Texas, USA and local populations. In both groups, infant's birth order, maternal age, prenatal education, husband's attitude, mother's attitude and infant's taking a bottle to bed were not associated with infant's feeding patterns significantly. However, there was a significant difference in initiating time for introduction of supplementary foods between Koreans and Americans. Thus Korean mothers introduced supplementary foods earlier than American counterparts. Furthermore the infant's feeding method among all participants affected the time for introducing supplementary foods significantly. Though attitude of Korean mothers toward breastfeeding was slightly more positive than that of American mothers, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in Koreans was much lower than that in Americans. It might be suggested that effective nutrition education program for Korean subjects should be developed to practice breastfeeding from positive attitude and knowledge. It might be also suggested that participation of prenatal nutrition education involving fathers should be encouraged for promotion of rates of initiation and duration of exclusive breastfeeding of mothers.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.152-157
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• 2006

Enterobacter sakazakii, designated as an unique microbial species in 1980, may cause bacteremia, necrotizing enterocolitis and infant meningitis. The distribution and the thermostability of E. sakazakii in unprocessed ready-to-eat (RTE) agricultural products of 252 and in 25 powdered infant formulas (PIF) were analyzed. Eighty one, 50, 43, and 47% of brown rice, pumpkin, potato, and carrot samples, respectively, had aerobic plate counts (ARC) in the range of 5 log CFU/g or more. Almost all the other products sampled had APC of approximately 2 log CFU/g. Fifty three, 75, 67, and 68% of banana, pumpkin, soybean, and carrot had Enterobacteriaceae counts approximating 3 log CFU/g. Sixty six percent of the brown rice tested had Enterobacteriaceae counts approximating 5-6 log CFU/g. E. sakazakii was isolated from 3/25(12%), 4/23(17%), 1/24(4%), and 1/27(4%) of PIF, brown rice, laver, and tomato samples, respectively. D-values were 3.52-4.79 min at 60 and $D_{60}-values$ were similar as the isolates reported. Thermal inactivation of four thermovariant E. sakazakii strains during the rehydration of PIF with hot water were investigated. At $50^{\circ}C$, the levels of E. sakazakii decreased one log CFU/g for 4-6 min and thereafter the levels remained stable for 20 min. At $60^{\circ}C$, inactivation by about 2 log CFU/g occurred for 20 min. Therefore, the unprocessed agricultural products might be a source of contamination for PIF when used as an ingredient after drying and pulverization. Rehydration of PIF for infant feeding with a water temperature of $60^{\circ}C$ rather than $50^{\circ}C$, as recommended by the manufacturers, may be helpful in the reduction of potential E. sakazakii risk.