• 대한간호학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.843-852
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of a breast feeding promotion program for working women on breast feeding continuation, mother-infant attachment, and maternal sensitivity. Methods: The design of this study is nonequivalent control group design with repeated measures. Results: There were significant differences in breast feeding continuation between two groups at each time point except 2 days and 1 week after delivery. The scores of mother-infant attachment and maternal sensitivity of experimental group were higher than those of the control group, but there were no significant differences between two groups. Conclusion: Although some modifications in contents and administration will be required to increase the effectiveness of the program, breast feeding promotion program for working women can be an effective nursing intervention which can facilitate breast feeding continuation and mother-infant relationships.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.48-54
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• 1994

The survey on feeding practice in 202 infants in Kwangju area was undertaken from April to May, 1993. The incidence of breast feeding was 35.6% of the interviewed mothers while 35.1% of infants were formula fed. Baby's sex, birth order, birth weight and mother's educational level did not affect the infant's feeding method of the respondents , but family's monthly income affect it significantly(p<0.05). Initiating time f weaning in infants was 4.83 month. Fruits and fruit juice, infant's most favorite food were the first food introduced to infants. Cereal's were offered frequently as infant foods while animal protein source and vegetables were lesser used 52.8% of mothers purchased commercially prepared infant food , while 33.2% of them did not use it at all. Depending on mother's educational level, mother got information on weaning with the aid of different education materials. The respondents were most interested in the way how to prepare weaning food. It might be suggested that development of effective nutrition education technique specific to the different groups of mothers should be focused.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.543-549
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• 1999

This study was conducted to survey the feeding methods in Seogypo city and south Chejukun area. A random sample for this study a total of 355 mothers having babies under the age of 3 were surveyed. were boys. 45.5% were girls. infants' colostrum intakes in Seogypo sith and south Chejukun area were 69.9% and 63.1% respectability. Nother's education level affected colostrum intakes significantly. Baby's sex birth weight and mother's job affected the infants' feeding methods. The case of girl normal birth weight and mother's employment showed high percentage of bottle feeding. Bottle feeding was higher in Seogypo small city than in south Chejugun the country. Most of reasons for bottle feeding or mixed feeding was the lack of breast milk. The highest percentage of recommenders for breast feeding were baby's mother in Seogypo city area and were baby's grandmother in south Chejugun area. In Seogypo city area mother's education level did not affect the infant's feeding methods but in south Chjukun area mother's education level affected significantly.

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제5권
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• pp.5-19
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• 1998

This study presents results of surveys conducted Seoul and Kangreung public health center using structured questionnaire developed by researchers to identify factors that were relevant to the method of feeding. To compare the infant's development between the breast-fed infants and formula-fed infants, infant's height, weight, triceps skinfold during 1month and 4months were cheked. The results were as follows : 1. At postpartum, 59.1% infants had formula feeding, while 22.6% had breast feeding. At 1 month old, 49.6% infants had formula feeding, 27.8% had breast feeding. At 4 months old, 60.9% infants had formula feeding, while 26.1% had breast feeding. 2. 'Lack of breast milk' was the predominant reason for formula feeding. 3. The sujects didn't enough eat not only rice and seaweed soup but also any other specific foods during breast feeding period. 4. Factors that affected the method of feeding were the patterns of delivery, mother's height & weight, first baby feeding type(at post partum), infant sex, mother's age, preparation of breast feeding, first baby feeding type, regular clinic visit (at 4months old). 5. The birth weight and height were correlated with mother's weight and height. 6. There were no significant different on infant's weight, height, triceps skinfold between breast-fed infants and formula-fed infants.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2010

Early nutritional support for preterm infants is critical because such support influences long-term outcome. Minimal enteral feeding should be initiated as soon as possible if an infant is stable and if feeding advancement is recommended as relevant to the clinical course. Maternal milk is the gold standard for enteral feeding, but fortification may be needed to achieve optimal growth in a rapidly growing premature infant. Erythromycin may aid in promoting gastrointestinal motility in cases that exhibit feeding intolerance. Selected preterm infants need vitamins, mineral supplements, and calorie enhancers to meet their nutritional needs. Despite all that is known about this topic, additional research is needed to guide postdischarge nutrition of preterm infants in order to maintain optimal growth and neurodevelopment.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.256-270
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to compare maternal attitude and self confidence for infant care of primiparas of rooming-in and not rooming-in. The subjects were 128 primiparas who had delivered at eight general hospital in Seoul. 67 primiparas were in three rooming-in facilities and 61 primiparas were in five not rooming-in facilities. The data were collected from primiparas using Cohler's Maternal Attitude Scale and Pharis' Self Confidence Scale at postpartal 1 or 2 weeks. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The mean of maternal attitude was 100.32 and the range was from 82 to 138. The score of primiparas in rooming-in(100.94) was higher than those of not rooming-in(97.43). There was a significant difference in maternal attitudes between rooming-in group and not rooming-in group(P=.001). There were no significant differences in maternal attitude according to age and infant sex. But types of feeding were related to maternal attitude (P=.017). 2. The mean of self confidence for infant care was 119.55 and the range was from 58 to 173. The mean of primiparas in rooming- in(123.10) was higher than those of not rooming-in (115.86). There was a significant difference in self confidence for infant care between rooming-in group and not rooming- in group (P=.040). No significant differences existed in self confidence for infant care according to age, infant sex, and types of feeding. 3. The rate of breast feeding was 64.2% in rooming-in group and 34.4% in not rooming-in group at postpartal 1 or 2 weeks. There was a significant difference in breast feeding between the two groups(P=.004). In conclusion, rooming-in facilities provided primiparas with more positive maternal attitude and greater self confidence for infant care and increased the rate of breast feeding.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1355-1364
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• 1999

Mother and infant relationship has a great influence on child's developments. In this study, nursing intervention to increase maternal sensitivity to the infant's cues was applied to 25 primiparas (Experimental Group). Mother and infant interacations of these primiparas were compared with those of 25 primiparas (Control Group) who did not receive the nursing intervention. Fifty primiparas and infants were recruited from a university hospital, a general hospital, and an OBGY clinic located in Taegu city. Mother and infant interactions were assessed at 6 weeks after birth using videotapes. Feeding situations were videotaped and two trained observers analyzed the tapes. Data were collected from March 23rd to July 27th of 1998. Mother and infant interactions during feeding were assessed by the response rating scale which was modified by the author based on NCAST feeding scale (Barnard, 1978a) and AMIS scale (Price, 1983). The validity of the modified rating scale was verified by faculty members and researchers who previously had research experience in the area. Cronbach's Alpha of the modified scale for this study was .90. The data was analyzed by SAS program, using wilcoxon rank sums test, chi square test, Fisher's exact test, and ANOVA. Findings were as follows: 1. Mothers in the experimental group were more likely to have higher scores in mother and infant interactions during feeding than mothers in the control group. 2. Mothers in the experimental group showed better sensitivity to infant's signals or cues, provided growth fostering, and had higher responsibility to the infant's distress than mothers in the control group. 3. Infants in the experimental group showed higher clarity of cues and responsibility to the mother's behaviors than infants in the control group. 4. Mothers and infants in the experimental group showed higher synchronic responses than mothers and infants in the control group. In conclusion, this study has shown that the applied nursing intervention promoted mother and infant interaction among primiparas. Therefore, this study suggests that the nursing interventions to increase maternal sensitivity to the infant's cues should be broadly applied to primiparas, which can be beneficial to the social, affective, and cognitive developments of their children.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.51-72
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• 2016

Background: Adolescent mothers may find the transition to motherhood to be overwhelming when compared to adult mothers. The adaptiveness of mother and infant feeding behaviors may greatly influence the quality of adolescent mothers' feeding interactions when compared to adult mothers. Purpose: To examine the adaptiveness of early maternal and infant feeding behavior between adolescent mothers and adult mothers. Method: In this secondary analysis, six adolescent mothers (< 20 years old) and six adult mothers were videotaped while feeding. The mothers were observed 3 times: when the infants were in the hospital, 1 month old, and 4 months old. The videotapes were coded using four scales of the Parent-Child Early Relational Assessment (PCERA). The two maternal scales were Positive Affective Involvement and Sensitivity/Responsiveness (PAISR) and Regulation of Affect and Behavior (RAB). The two infant scales were Infant Positive Affect, Communication, and Social Skills (IPACS) and Infant Regulation of Affect and Behavior (IRAB). The dyads were videotaped just before hospital discharge and at one and four months corrected age. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to examine the difference in the PCERA between the two groups. Results: Adolescent mothers had a significantly lower score on the PAISR before hospital discharge (p-value 0.005) and at one month corrected age (p-value 0.008) than adult mothers. Adolescent mothers also had a significantly lower score on the RAB before hospital discharge, 1 and 4 months corrected age than adult mothers. There were no significant differences in IPACS and IRAB of infants of adolescent and adult mothers. Conclusion: Clinicians need to be aware of the differences in sensitivity that occur.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.97-103
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• 1992

This research was conducted to survey the feeding methods of Korean women. The survey was executed for 355 mothers bringing up a child below 24 months in some part of Seoul in Korea from April to May, 1990. Incidence of breast feeding was 29.1% of the interviewed mothers in Seoul, which showed lower percentages than those of previous surveys. This research proved the major influencing factor generally depended on its mother rather than babies or labor condition. For example, the higher income and the higher educational degree of its mothers, they tended to prefer the bottle feeding to the others. Generally mothers knew the informations of infant nutrition very well, 84.5% of the interviewed mothers in Seoul had the opinion of 'breast feeding is better', but their knowledge actually didn't work. The source of mothers‘ informations on the infant nutrition showed the books and magazines, friend and relatives, grandmother were many by the order. But there were some discrepancies between the actual and needed source of information; i.e. mothers in Seoul mostly(44.8%) wanted to acquire their informations from mass communications. The reason of breast feeding showed 'for baby's health' was the greatest, and then 'immunity of breast milk' and 'baby's emotion' were great by the order, and the reason of bottle feeding showed 'not enough breast milk' was the greatest. There were no problems in feeding attitude and position of breast feeding, but there were problems in feeding volume, consistency of formula milk and feeding position of bottle feeding.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.489-495
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the weaning practice of 198 infants in Taejon city in October, 1998. Information on infant feeding and weaning practices were obtained by interviewing mothers in gynecologist and pediatric clinics located in Taejon. The results obtained were as follows : In the survey 37.4% of the infants were breast-feeding, while 31.3% of them were bottle-feeding and 29.3% of them were mixed-feeding. The reason for bottled-feeding was due either to the lack of breast-milk secretion or motner’s job. The educational level of the mother and maternal job affected the feeding methods before weaning. Lower rates of breast-feeding were found among mothers witn a lover level of education. The breast-feeding rate was lower in full-time and part-time job worker groups than in housewife. There was no significant difference in the feeding methods according to family income. Among the subjects, 71.5% of infants began to be weaned within 7 months. The onset of weaning was delayed in the full-time worker group. There was no significant difference in the onset time of weaning according to feeding method, the educational level of the mother, and family income. 60.6% of infants received fruit juice and 29.6% of them received cereals for first-given-supplementary food. ‘For baby’s nutritional status’ was the most common motivation for the onset of weaning. Commercially prepared foods were used more than home-made food for supplementary food.