• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.154-162
• /
• 2020

Purpose: The Cow's Milk-related Symptom Score (CoMiSS^TM), which considers crying, regurgitation, stools, skin and respiratory symptoms, was developed as an awareness tool for evaluating cow's milk-related symptoms. The scoring ranges from 0 to 33. A score ≥12 was proposed as being likely cow's milk-related and suggestive of allergy to cow's milk. This study aimed to determine the age-related CoMiSS^TM values in presumed healthy infants in Poland. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in well-child clinics in two locations. Parents of the presumed healthy infants aged ≤6 months were approached during a routine checkup/vaccination visit. The exclusion criteria were as follows: presence of acute or chronic diseases, preterm delivery, treatment with therapeutic formula, and use of any food supplements (except vitamins) or medications. Results: Data from 226 infants were obtained (median age [Q1-Q3], 4 months [3-4]). The overall median (Q1-Q3) and mean (standard deviation) CoMiSS^TM values were 4 (2-7) and 4.7 (3.5), respectively. The 95th percentile was 11. Scores on some, albeit not all, components of the CoMiSS^TM significantly differed between age groups (crying, stools) or feeding type groups (stools and skin symptoms). Eleven children (4.9%) scored ≥12. Conclusion: This study adds to earlier age-related CoMiSS^TM data by providing CoMiSS^TM values in presumed healthy infants in Poland.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.133-143
• /
• 1975

Most of mothers place their babies in either supine or prone position without change of position. Studies comparing supine and prone position of the newborn infants -have already been performed with the result that the prone position is relatively better than the supine position. However, one kind of position recommended to the mothers is not sufficient for the good rearing practice of children, because the same position placed for period long of time may bring out physical, mental tension and fatigue, and deformities of the skull and the thorax. For this reason nurses have to find out other position which has identical or more advantages than prone position so as to perform the position change for the babies. Main purpose of this study is to identify the differences of vital signs, the number of urination, defecation, diaper rash, crying and amount of feeding of the newborn infants with prone position or lateral position during the first three days of life. Sixty two newborn infants who were delivered at Seoul National University Hospital during the period from July 1 to September 5, 1974 were chosen as subjects for this study. The criteria for the choice of subjects were the babies born with vaginal delivery; body weight 2.5kg or over at birth; Apgar score Seven or over; and gestation period between thirty-eight months ana forty- two months. Of these subjects, by random sampling, thirty-one newborn infants were placed in the prone position and the other thirty-one in the lateral position. The results of this study reviewed in a statistical analysis of the t-test to obtain the following findings : 1. The heart rates of babies in the prone position were the mean heart rates of 135.03 and those in the lateral position 135.98 without any statistically significant difference. 2. There was no significant difference of respiration rate between two groups : a group in the prone position showed the mean respiration rates of 45,57 and the other in the lateral position 46.49. 3. There was no significant difference of body temperature between two groups: the mean body temperature of a group placed in the prone position was 98$^{\circ}$18'F(36$^{\circ}$77'C) and that of the other group 98$^{\circ}$20'F(36$^{\circ}$78'C). 4. One baby showed diaper rash only in a group of infants in the prone position. 5. The number of crying of the babies in the prone position were 23.70 and those in the lateral position 30.00 with a statistical difference at 5 percent level. 6, There was no difference of frequency of urination between two groups: the mean frequency of a group placed in tile prone position was 5.44 and that of the other group 5.06, 7. There was no significant difference of frequency of defecation between two groups : the mean frequency of a group placed in the prone position was 4.20 and that of tile other group 4.21, 8. There was no significant difference of feeding amount between two groups : the average amount of a group in the prone position showed 325.03 and that of the other group in the lateral position 291.51. All the above results mean that we may substitute tile lateral position for the Prone position or utilize both position for tile rearing practice of the babies.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.11 no.9
• /
• pp.3510-3516
• /
• 2010

In this paper to make young children to learn habits of the animals, crying, features, and English and Korean language, The system was developed to target the zoo various animals exist. If young child places a doll on the front of interesting animal, then young child can learn to look through the display connected to the model. The zoo is reducing the current appearance of the zoo, sensors that can recognize animals are attached to each cage. Attached to each sensor has a unique ID, If this approach recognizes a doll baby and will transmit a unique ID to the handler. Transmitted ID search the matched value sent from the database to retrieve the content and then the content is to be output through the output device. Also if the doll near the animal's room, young children find out animal sound and basic learning by multimedia effects. At the same time Korean, English, Mathematics are learned.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.46-59
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the NCASA (Nursing Child Assessment Sleep/Activity Record) would be suitable to evaluate and to provide the basic resources for a Korean model of sleep/activity patterns during the first 6 months Korean infants' lives and to provide a basis for nursing intervention for mothers of early infants. The subjects of this study were 94 normal infants from birth to 6 months of age who visited the postpartum care center and two general hospitals located in Pusan from February 1 to April 28, 2000. The method of data collection was through convenient sampling. The instrument of this study was the NCASA translated by the Korean parent Child Health Academic Association. The collected data were analysed by mean, standard deviation, frequency percentage and ANOVA, Post Hoc test by use of SPSS/PC. The conclusions obtained from this study are summarized as follows: 1. The mean amount of daytime sleep was 8.06 hours. The mean amount of nighttime sleep was 6.31 hours. The mean amount of total daily sleep was 14.37 hours. The mean of the longest sleep period was 5.20 hours. The mean regularity of daytime sleep was 25.84%. The mean regularity of nighttime sleep was 77.69%. The mean regularity of total daily sleep was 42.60%. The mean frequency of nighttime wakenings was 2.33 times. 2. The mean amount of daytime activity was 8.25 hours. The mean amount of nighttime activity was 1.39 hours. The mean amount of daily total activity was 9.64 hours. The mean of the longest activity period was 3.80 hours The mean frequency of daytime feeding was 5.69 times. The mean frequency of nighttime feeding was 2.08 times. The mean frequency of total daily feeding was 7.74 times. The mean frequency regularity of feeding was 54.62%. The mean frequency of wakenings was 5.14 times. The mean frequency of crying was 1.90 times. 3. According to an analysis of sleep patterns based on an infant's age, there were some significant differences in the following factors: amount of daytime sleep(p<.001), amount of night time sleep(p<.05), amount of total daily sleep (p<.001), longest sleep period(p<.001), regularity of daytime sleep(p<.001), regularity of nighttime sleep(p<.01), regularity of total daily sleep(p<.001), frequency of nighttime wakenings(p<.001). 4. According to an analysis of activity patterns based on an infant's age, there were some significant differences in the following factors: amount of daytime activity(p<.001), amount of nighttime activity(p<.01), amount of total daily activity(p<.001), longest activity period(p<.05), frequency of nighttime feeding(p<.01), frequency of wakenings(p<.001). 5. The mean amount of a mother's day time was 16.30 hours. The mean amount of a mother's night time was 7.70 hours. In conclusion, the initial irregular sleeping and activity patterns of the early infant became regurized as the infant grew older and estabilished firmer patterns of sleeping and of activity.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.50 no.6
• /
• pp.89-98
• /
• 2012

This study examined the consciousness of husbands and wives on babies' cries and its factors which have impacts on their emotional perceptions. For this study, infants' cries were recorded with the participation of 136 pregnant women and 76 husbands, and they conducted self-evaluations regarding their emotional perceptions and personal characteristics. The stimulus used to exhibit the cries of infants were from eighteen recorded cry sample under three situations (hunger, pain, and mother's absence) with six healthy infants (three male and three female) who are over six months. Also, this study dealt with the relationship between emotional assessment and the personal characteristics of mothers and fathers. As a result, the experience of child-rearing has a positive influence on the emotional cry perceptions of husbands and wives, and there was no sex difference in their emotional cry perceptions. A change of recognition, "being parents," has impacts on emotional cry perceptions, but the major factors increasing these impacts depend on the physiological changes of pregnant women and their personal characteristics.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.648-652
• /
• 2014

The core of existing IT industry has been multimedia contents based on internet network. But nowadays, ubiquitous technology which combines sensors and network technology is emerging and is called USN (ubiquitous sensor network). Health care industry is one of suitable areas for USN application. In this paper, sensor network for baby care is proposed. The proposed baby care system consists of bluetooth network to transfer information which comes from various sensors like falling detecting, crying and fever detecting sensor to keep infant's status safe from external-potential threats. The effectiveness of the implemented system is showed through demonstration.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.865-874
• /
• 2018

This paper is about a smart pillow, and a smart diaper. The smart pillow analyzes the frequency of a baby's cry and applies its digital value to the band pass filter. If the crying is between 300-600Hz, the white noise comes out. The smart diaper alerts to the smart phone if the humidity outside the diaper is over 99%, or the temperature is over $29^{\circ}C$ after the defecation of the baby. The smart diaper also prevents choking of the baby by alert to smart phone if they are in a dangerous position by sensing the location of the infant.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.5-27
• /
• 1997

This study was carried out to identify the difference between nursing needs and levels of satisfaction of primiparae during the early postpartum period. The goal of the study was to obtain data needed to develope maternal education programs and to improve the nursing quality for primipara. The subjects were 111 primiparae who had normal delivery at 2 general hospitals in the Seoul area. The data was gathered using an 81 items questionnaire which was developed by the researcher from Nov. 30, 1995 to Feb. 5, 1996. Results found are as follows : 1. The characteristics of subjects : The majority of subjects were aged 26-30yrs(60.4%), high school graduated(49.5%), jobless(52.3%), had no religion(49.5%), no antenatal(74.5%), and postnatal education on self and infant care(55.9%). A large proportion of primiparae intended to feed breast milk(49.5%) but in fact only 7.2% fed breast milk while in the hospital. Many subjects perceived that they had reasonable self confidence about self care(46.8%), and infant care(36%). 2. The level of nursing needs of overall nursing care was relatively high(Mn 3.98) but the level of satisfaction was of average level(Mn 3.09). Therefore, difference between the level of nursing needs and satisfaction was significant(p=0.0001). 3. The nursing needs by category of nursing care the highest need was on the education of infant care(4.29), the lowest was on physical care(3.80). The level of satisfaction was higher on environmental care(3.40) and physical care(3.32). But the category that showed the lowest satisfaction was education of infant care(2.67). Hence, difference of categories between the level of nursing needs and satisfaction was significant(p=0.0001). 4. Among items of physical care, observation of primiparas' conditions(4.21), accurate medication and treatment(4.18), care of breast engorgement(4.07) and control of postpartal hemorrage(4.01) showed high nursing needs. On the other hand, only the level of satisfaction was higher on accurate medication and treatment(3.82). The rest of items revealed only average level of satisfactions. Difference of items between the level of nursing needs and satisfaction was significant(p=0.0001) except items of dietary care. 5. Among items of psychological care, 8 items of nursing needs were high(3.72-4.29), expecially detailed explanation on which mothers want to know(4.29), treatment and nursing care they receive(4.23), kind and faithful care(4.22), early contacts with their baby(4.20), and adequate draping during the care and treatment(4.18). Among items of psychological care higher satisfactions were shown on items of kind and faithful care(3.80), personal treatment(3.70), and detailed explanation to mothers, but the least satisfied items was early contact with baby(2.13). Difference between the level of nursing needs and satisfaction was significant(p=0.0001). 6. Among items of environmental care, the highest level of need and satisfaction was on the items of neat bedding and pajamas(3.54). The difference was significant (p=0.0001). 7. Among the items of educational needs on self care, all of 22 items revealed higher educational needs(3.50-4.33) but the levels of satisfaction varied with a range of 2.63-3.42. Among the items the satisfactions were high on items of breast care including massages(3.42), perineal care(3.36) and expression of breast milk(3.32). Less satisfied items were drugs not be taken by breast milk feeder(2.63), maintenance of breast figure(2.76) and postpartum exercise(2.80) and so on. The difference was significant(p=0.0001). maintain 8. Among the items of educational needs on infant care, 19 items revealed higher educational needs(3.28-4.54). And the highest need were on the 3 items of normal growth and development of infant, safety and emergency care, symptoms of sick(4.45) and the meaning of crying of the baby(4.52). The level of satisfaction among items of education of infant care ranged from 2.47 to 3.16. Most satisfied items were buriping(3.16), bathing(3.11) and diapering(3.09). The items of which the mother's needs were high revealed the lowest satisfaction level. The difference was significant (p=0.0001). 9. Relationship between nursing needs and levels of satisfaction among primiparae of different characteristics were as follows : 1) Nursing needs of physical and psychological areas were significantly different among different age levels but no relationship was found on other categories regardless of the level of satisfaction. 2) With regard to different levels of education, some relationship was found in nursing needs of psychological area(p=0.007), educational needs on infant care(p=0.04) and environmental care(p=0.01). Also, the difference of satisfaction level was significant. 3) Working mothers had higher nursing needs and were more satisfied on items of physical care(p=0.05), education on self care and infant care. Difference were significant between nursing needs and level of satisfaction. 4) With regards to different religion a moderate relation was found between nursing needs of environmental care infant care education but no relationship was found on levels of satisfaction. 5) With regards to antenatal education, the mothers who have had no antenatal education revealed higher nursing needs on physical care but those who had antenatal education were more satisfied with education on self care and infant care. The difference was significant. (p=0.0001). 6) With regards to postpartum education, the mothers who have had some sort of postpartum education revealed higher nursing needs on physical and self care. And they were more satisfied with nursing of every category except infant care than mothers who had not any postpartum education. Differences was significant between the nursing needs and levels of satisfaction.(p=0.0001). 7) With regards to breast feeding experience during the hospitalization, those who had no experience of breast feeding revealed higher nursing needs on physical care in contrast to breast feeders, who had higher educational needs on infant care. And breast feeder were more satisfied with all categories. Differences was significant(p=0.0001). 8) With regards to perception of self confidence on self care and infant care, no relationship was found on nursing needs and level of satisfaction in every category of nursing.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.203-215
• /
• 2016

This study was performed in order to investigate the effect of breast milk on pain relief in newborn during heel lancing. Nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design by double blinded experiment was used. 50 neonates were randomized to receive breast milk (experimental group, n=25) or no treatment (control group, n=25) before undergoing heel lancing. Informed consent was obtained from parents of 50 neonates. Neonatal infant pain scale (NIPS), respiration rate, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and crying duration were used to assess subjects' pain reaction. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0. The experimental and control group showed a statistically significant differences in NIPS score (F=28.89, p<.001), heart rate (F=14.03, p<.001), respiration rate (F=4.79, p=.001), oxygen saturation (F=2.69, p=.027), and crying duration (t=-8.78, p <.001) at each time points (during heel lancing, right after heel lancing, 1, 2, 3 minutes after heel lancing). The result suggest that oral administration of expressed breast milk is safe and natural agents for reducing procedural pain of neonates. Another clinical trial study with more samples is recommended.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.281-291
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study was to compare the sleep characteristics between the prone and the supine position in healthy newborns. The 48 newborns were observed in the prone position and the supine position respectively on the 2nd day after birth. The data were collected from January to May, 1999. The state of a newborn was classified and categorized to 6 states (deep sleep. light sleep, drowsy, quiet alert, active alert, crying) by Barnard. The movements of eyes, face and extremities, pulse and arterial oxygen were observed and recorded continuously from the start of sleep after feeding until the time of being woken for the next feeding by a trained nurse The data was analyzed by using paired t-test. The results of this study were as follows; 1. There was no significant difference in the length of sleeping time between the prone and the supine position. 2. There was no significant difference in the length and frequencies of each states(deep sleep, light sleep, drowsy, quiet alert, active alert, crying) between the prone and the supine position But the frequency of light sleep in the supine position was significantly higher than that of the prone position. 3 There was no significant difference In the numbers or eyes movements between the prone and the supine sleep position. But the amount of facial and extremity movement in the supine position was significantly higher than those in the prone position 4. There was no significant difference in the arterial oxygen content between the prone and the supine sleep position. 5. There was no significant difference in the heart rates between the prone and the supine sleep position. The above results indicated that the newborns in the prone Position moved less and slept deeper than those in the supine position. though there was no difference in the length of sleep or arterial oxygen content between the prone and the supine sleep Position. But. Nurses and mothers should consider the relationship between the sleep Position and SIDS suggested by previous researches. The infant's 'awakening' during sleep is a normal process and rather valuable because it can provide an opportunity to promote a stronger relationship between mother and baby. So, It is suggested that the supine sleep position is better than the prone sleep position for infants.