• Human Ecology Research
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.585-599
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• 2024

The purpose of this study was to explore research trends in sleep from infancy through to adolescence. To achieve this, an examination was conducted of sleep research published in Korea based on the publication year, developmental stages of the study participants, research designs, measurement tools, and research topics. A total of 362 academic journal articles and theses/dissertations published in Korea up until 2023 were selected. In terms of publication year, the first study was conducted in 1967 and the field became more active from 2010 onwards. The age group studied the most was adolescents, with cross-sectional research being the most common study design. Regarding sleep measurement tools, most scales measuring sleep in infants, preschoolers, children, and adolescents were developed abroad, then adapted or validated in Korea, or were modifications of adult scales tailored for specific studies. Lastly, in terms of research topics, the most common focus was the relationship between sleep and developmental characteristics, particularly its effects on emotional development. Based on these results, future research could focus on developing sleep-related intervention programs and measurement tools.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2019

Objectives: This study examined whether the infant feeding type and duration are related to the introduction of complementary feeding, and whether the appropriate introduction of complementary feeding in infancy is related to tooth decay in toddlers. Methods: The subjects were 1,521 toddlers among 2~3 year old children in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 to 2015. The toddlers were divided into the appropriate group (4~6 months) and delayed group (>6 months) according to the timing of complementary feeding introduction. Results: The delayed group were 26.5% of subjects and the formula feeding period in the appropriate group and delayed group was 8.4 and 10.3 months, respectively (P=0.002). On the other hand, there was no difference in the breastfeeding period between the appropriate group and delayed group (P=0.6955). Early childhood caries was more common in the delayed group (P=0.0065). The delayed introduction of complementary feeding was associated with a risk of early childhood caries according to the logistic models (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.27-2.57). Conclusions: The introduction of complementary feeding is associated with early childhood caries. Therefore, the importance of the proper introduction of complementary feeding in infancy should be emphasized, and public relations and education for maternal care and breastfeeding should be provided through health care institutions.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.153-160
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• 2010

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prenatal, perinatal, and infancy history of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as compared to unaffected siblings (SIB) and typically developing children (TC). Methods: Subjects with ASD, their SIB, and TC were recruited. All subjects were assessed using both the Korean version of Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (K-ADI-R) and the Korean version of Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (K-ADOS) and were subsequently identified as affected or unaffected. Prenatal, perinatal, and infancy history was obtained from the primary caregivers and each facet was compared in those with ASD, the SIB, and the TC groups using SPSS ver. 17.0 (p<.05). Results: 70 individuals with ASD (63 males, 87.94${\pm}$37.8months), 53 SIB (27 males, 85.4087.94${\pm}$48.06 months), and 32 TC (19 males, 104.1987.94${\pm}$23.409 months) were analyzed. The ASD group showed significantly higher rates of insufficient vaccination as they aged age ($x^2$=15.54, p=.000). Among the scheduled vaccinations, the DPT vaccination ($x^2$=10.08, p=.006) was insufficient in ASD groups. The ASD group also showed higher rates of sleep disturbances from infancy. Differences in maternal/paternal age at conception, gestational age, and growth parameters at birth were not significantly difference among the three groups. Conclusion: These results do not support the previous controversies regarding the relationship between prenatal/perinatal complications and ASD. However, these results indicate that perinatal and prenatal factors may contribute to the development of ASD.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.46 no.7
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• pp.47-58
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• 2008

Using the Toddler Temperament Scale(Saslow, 1993), the temperament stability of 239 toddlers from the ages of 18 and 30-months was analyzed longitudinally. TTS was composed of five sub-scales; Activity, Approach-Withdrawal, Adaptability, Intensity, and Mood. Significant correlations were established when stabilities of the temperamental sub-scales from 18- to 24-months, 24- to 30-months and 18- to 30-months were examined. For example, in relation to 'Approach-Withdrawal' factor, which was the most stable across infancy, infants who showed higher scores in 18 months of age also showed higher scores in 24- and 30-months of age. In addition, the stability of temperament in the categorical status of each infant was analyzed. Infants were divided into three groups at each age: 'Easy', 'slow-to-warm up', or 'difficult' according to their relative status within each age group. It was found that 54% of infants stayed in the same temperament group from 18 to 24 months, and so did 78% of infants from 24 to 30 months. In particular, 'easy' group illustrated the highest stability among the groups; 71.2% of infants stayed in the same temperament group between 18 and 24 months of age, while 85.9% of infants did so between 24 and 30 months of age. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate high temperament stability during the studied age bracket, while also confirming the fact that stability, in general, increases with age.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.83-103
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to develop a longitudinal predictive model that identifies first-grade children who are at risk for ADHD and to investigate the factors that predict the probability of belonging to the at-risk group for ADHD by using machine learning. Methods: The data of 1,445 first-grade children from the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 7th, and 8th waves of the Korean Children's Panel were analyzed. The output factors were the at-risk and non-risk group for ADHD divided by the CBCL DSM-ADHD scale. Prenatal as well as developmental factors during infancy and early childhood were used as input factors. Results: The model that best classifies the at-risk and the non-risk group for ADHD was the LASSO model. The input factors which increased the probability of being in the at-risk group for ADHD were temperament of negative emotionality, communication abilities, gross motor skills, social competences, and academic readiness. Conclusion/Implications: The outcomes indicate that children who showed specific risk indicators during infancy and early childhood are likely to be classified as being at risk for ADHD when entering elementary schools. The results may enable parents and clinicians to identify children with ADHD early by observing early signs and thus provide interventions as early as possible.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.78-86
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• 2015

Purpose: Homocystinuria (OMIM#236200) is a metabolic disease caused by mutation in the CBS gene. This study was conducted to identify the clinical features and prognosis of homocystinuria as well as to find out the CBS gene mutations of the six homocystinuria patients who were receiving treatment in the Pediatric Department at Soonchunhyang University Hospital. Methods: From January 1992 to March 2015, clinical, biochemical, and genetic analyses were performed retrospectively on the six patients diagnosed with classic homocystinuria at Soonchunhyang University Hospital. Results: A total of six patients were included in this study, including three who were diagnosed with homocystinuria at the mean age of $50{\pm}22.5$ days based on their abnormal newborn screening test results. The other three were diagnosed at the mean age of 7, when they visited the hospital for evaluation of developmental delay and lens dislocation. The group diagnosed at early infancy had normal cognitive function, but the other group had varying degrees of mental retardation. Major complications were found only in the group diagnosed after infancy. CBS gene mutation was found in all the patients, and they were all non-responsive to vitamin B6 treatment. At present, all patients' diets are controlled following a methionine-free formula and they are on medication with folic acid, betaine, pyridoxine, and methylcobalamin. Conclusion: Six homocystinuria patients were monitored for up to 23 years. The group diagnosed at early infancy exhibited no major complications. Therefore, early diagnosis is crucial in the prognosis, and homocystinuria must be included in the newborn screening program.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.136-150
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• 1999

The subjects, under 18 old, 2,694 children who visited ER during 1998, were surveyed by the Triage and other statitical data. The results were as follows 1. The male to female ratio was 1.7 : 1, and the toddler(1-4 old) was the majority. 2. Triage ; critical 1.3%, acute 14.6%, urgent 29.5%, nonemergent 54.6%. 3. The reasons of visiting ER ; 1) The children had diseases(46.5%), injury (36.9%), TA(5.6%) and toxication(1.0%). 2) In diseases, male to female ratio was 1.5 : 1 and in injury, male to female was 2 : 1. 3) Among the children having in TA, 12-18 old groups was the majority(34.9%). 4. The time of visiting : the 20:00 - 22:00 was the majority(16.9%). 5. By monthly and seasonal distribution ; Jan. (9.7%), Mar. and May(9% respectively, Dec. and July(6.7%) respectively. The children who visted ER in spring and autumn showed higher portion than those of summer and winter. 6. Results ; admission(27.4%), discharge(68.4%), operations(2.8%), and DOA and DAA(0.4%), The mortality of the infancy and toddler groups was 83.3%. The infancy group showed the highest rate of admission. 7. The time of staying in ER ; 1-2 hrs was the major group(23.3%) and the average was 4.6 hours. 8. By clinical departments ; Ped. was 34.4%, PS was 20.8%, Dental Surgery was 10.3% and Dermatology was 0.9%. 9. The types of visting ; the group who visited by themselves was 80%, transfer from the primary and secondary clinic was 17% and OPD was 3.0%. 10. The traffic means . by the own cars and taxi were 87.6%, by hospital ambulance was 6.1% and by 119 ambulance was 4.3%.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.66-70
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• 2007

Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) is a disorder characterized by pulmonary and systemic smallvessel vasculitis, extravascular eosinophilic infiltration and hypereosinophilia; it is rarely diagnosed in the pediatric age group. We experienced a case of CSS in a male infant who had repeated symptoms of asthma with hypereosinophilia and transitory non-fixed pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiographs. He also had rectal bleeding in early infancy and multiple erosions with extravascular eosinophilic infiltrations in the sigmoid colon. We report a rare case of CSS in a 14-month-old infant and review the medical literature.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2023

Purpose: This article was to investigate the association between urinary tract infections (UTIs) and high weight status in infancy. Methods: We conducted a nationwide matched cohort study from January 2018 to December 2020 using data from the Korean National Health Insurance System and the Korean National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children. We analyzed the association between UTI diagnosis codes and high weight status (which was defined as being in the 90th percentile or higher of weight-for-age). Results: We found that 22.8% of infants with UTIs exhibited high weight status, compared to 20.0% of non-UTI infants (P<0.001). Per our multivariable analyses, the adjusted odds ratio for high weight status was 1.09 (95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.13). Conclusions: UTI in the first 12 months of life was associated with a weight-for-age percentile of ≥90. Our findings corroborate those of previous single-center studies and emphasize the importance of careful monitoring for this at-risk group.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.842-849
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• 2005

Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to establish a nursing intervention data base to improve maternal attachment. Method: The first group of mothers( control group), experienced their first physical contact with their infants after being discharged from the hospital. The second group (experimental group) practiced early initial mother-infant postpartum contact known as the most sensitive period for founding maternal-infancy attachment. The subjects of this study gave birth to normal infants at M hospital from Aug.25 to Sept.30, 2004. During the same time, data was collected through direct observation, with instruments designed by Cropley et al., to assess the behaviors of normal attachment. The statistical methods for data analysis were percentage, mean, standard deviation and t-test with an SPSS program. Result: The group practicing initial mother-infant contact, showed a higher degree of physical and functional bonding than the group experiencing the first contact after discharge from the :10spital (control group)(p<.0l). The group practicing initial mother-infant contact, showed higher degrees of bonding attachment assessments than the group experiencing their first initial contact after their discharge from the hospital(p<.01). Conclusion: The group practicing early mother-infant contact, showed more maternal-infant interaction than the group experiencing their initial contact after their discharge from the hospital. These results show that maternal attachment behavior increases according with an early initial mother-infant contact.