• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity and Cryogenics Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.285-290
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• 2002

Power systems are becoming larger and larger for meeting electric power demand. Therefore, the over-currents resulting from contingencies such short circuits are increasing higher. The Maximum short circuit current of modern power system is becoming so large that circuit breaker are not expected th be able to shut down the current in the future. In order to cut over-currents, a system composed of a superconducting fault current limiter(SFCL) and traditional breaker seems to provide a promising solution for future power operation. In present paper, three line-to-ground fault is assumed to happen at the center of 345kV transmission lines in a large capacity electric power system The superconducting fault current limiter was represented using a commutation type, which consists of a non-inductive superconducting coil and current limiting element(resistor or reactor). The introduction merits of the SFCL were investigated quantitatively by RTDS/EMTDC from the viewpoint of current limiting performance, the prevention of the voltage drop at the load bus and comparison characteristics for two type SFCL. Desired design specification and operation parameters of SFCL were also given qualitatively by the performance evaluation of the two type SFCL in the power system.

• KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
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• v.3A no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2003

As power systems grow more complex and power demands increase, the fault current tends to gradually increase. In the near future, the fault current will exceed a circuit breaker rating for some substations, which is an especially important issue in the Seoul metropolitan area because of its highly meshed configuration. Currently, the Korean power system is regulated by changing the 154 ㎸ system configuration from a loop connection to a radial system, by splitting the bus where load balance can be achieved, and by upgrading the circuit breaker rating. A development project applying 154 ㎸ Superconducting Fault Current Limiter(SFCL) to 154 ㎸ transmission systems is proceeding with implementation slated for after 2010. In this paper, the resistive and inductive SFCLs are applied to re-duce the fault current in Korean power system and their technical and economic impacts are evaluated. The results show that the application of SFCL can eliminate the need to upgrade the circuit breaker rat-ing and the economic potential of SFCL is evaluated positively.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.38-42
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• 2004

The cryogenic system for 6.6 kV/200 A inductive superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) was developed at Yonsei university in 2003. The sub-cooled nitrogen cryogenic system could be applied to not only SFCL but also many other applied high-Tc superconducting (HTS) devices like superconducting motor, superconducting generator and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES). Generally, the cooling capacity of GM-cryocooler depends on the load temperature. Therefore it is necessary to perform the cooling capacity test at no load condition to calculate the exact cooling power and heat load of cryogenic system. In this research, the cooling capacity test of GM-cryocooler was executed and the heat load of developed cryogenic system was calculated. The long run operation test results of sub-cooled nitrogen cryogenic system were successful in pressure and temperature condition. Moreover, the design and fabrication method of cryogenic system were introduced and the test results were described.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.43 no.7
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• pp.1050-1060
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• 1994

This paper is a study on the computer simulation of the characteristics of the superconducting fault current limiter. Input variable parameters are apparent power, load resistance value, line resistance value and so on. Initial fault current 2 times larger than the trigger current is required to reduce the switching time of SFCL. The propagation velocity increases abruptly, the transport current is several times larger than the ciritical current. In this paper, the switching time is calculated to be 323$\mu$ sec, and the initial fault current is 19 times larger than the critical current. Because the trigger coils are bifilar winding, they have little impedance in superconducting state. After fault occurred, the limiting coil acts as a superconducting reactor and the trigger coils quench at a critical current. Without the SFCL in the circuit, fault current after the load impedence is shorted might be increased to 1100A. The fault current is, therefore, successfully limited by the superconducting limiting coil to 100A determined by the coil inductance.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.07d
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• pp.1531-1533
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• 1998

In this paper, the characteristics of the shielded inductive superconducting fault current limiter was designed and simulated. Parameters of design for superconducting tube, core and primary coil were first determined. And then according to the system characteristics such as load resistance, fault angle and source voltage, the simple power system composed of shielded inductive FCL was simulated by computer-aided numerical analysis. The flowing currents under the fault condition can be limited to about 10 A.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.398-402
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• 2008

Recently, the development of superconducting fault current limiters (SFCLs) has been required as power demands increase in the power system. A distribution-level prototype resistive SFCL using coated conductor (CC) has been developed by Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. and Yonsei University for the first time in the world. The ratings of the SFCL are 13.2kV/630A at normal operating condition. A novel non-inductive winding method is used in fabricating coils so there is almost zero impedance during normal operation. The distribution SFCL is cooled by sub-cooled liquid nitrogen $(LN_2)$ of 65K and 3 bar to enhance cryo-dielectric performance, critical current density, and thermal conductivity. In order to make reliable operation of an SFCL in real power systems, we monitored and controled its operation conditions by using supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) method. Thus, a monitoring system for the SFCL employing information technology (IT) is proposed and developed to be on the lookout for the operation conditions such as inside temperature, inside pressure, $LN_2$ level, voltage and current. Since operation temperature should be kept constant, bang-bang control for temperature feedback with a heater attached to the cold head of cryo-cooler is applied to the system. Short-circuit tests with prospective fault current of 10kA and AC dielectric withstand voltage tests up to 143kV for 1 minute were successfully performed at Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute. This paper deals with the development of a distribution level SFCL and its monitoring system for reliable operation.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.256-258
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• 2002

As the power system is more complex and power demands increase, the fault currents have the tendency of increasing gradually. In the near future, it will happen that the fault currents exceed circuit breaker duty for some substations. In this paper, the resistive and inductive SFCL are applied to reduce the fault currents in korea power systems and evaluated technical and economical Impacts.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity and Cryogenics Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.230-233
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• 2003

This paper deals with the fabrication of high temperature superconducting(HTS) solenoid for DC reactor of 6.6㎸/200A inductive superconducting fault current limiter(SFCL). The winding machine which is suitable to wind HTS wire was manufactured. The proper inductance was calculated by circuit simulation and G10-FRP bobbin was fabricated with this inductance, HTS solenoid was wound by using the winding machine. The V-I characteristic of completed DC reactor in sub-cooled nitrogen(65K) was measured. The full quench current of this magnet is about 490A.

• 한국초전도학회:학술대회논문집
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• v.9
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• pp.338-342
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• 1999

We simulated the current limiting characteristics of resistive and inductive SFCLs with 100 ${\omega}$ of impedances for a single and double line-to-ground faults in the 154 kV grid between two substations nearby Seoul. The transient current at the faults includes not. only high AC current up to 44 kA but also significant DC component as high as 4 kA. The DC current is greater and lasts longer for the double line-to-ground fault than for the single line-to-ground fault. The inductive SFCL limited the fault current more effectively than the resistive one. The DC component, however, was greater and diminishes slower for the inductive SFCL than for the resistive one.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.29-32
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• 2006

An advanced superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) using $high-T_c$ superconducting (HTS) wire has been developed. The SFCL has a non-inductively wound magnet for reducing loss in normal state. Two types of non-inductively wound magnets, the solenoid type and the pancake type, were designed and manufactured by using Bi-2223 wire in this research. Short-circuit tests of the magnets were performed in sub-cooled $LN_2$ cooling system of 65 K. The magnets are thermally more stable and have a higher critical current in 65 K sub-cooled $LN_2$ cooling system than in 77 K saturated one. Because the resistivity of matrix at 65 K is lower than the resistivity at 77 K, the magnets generate a small resistance to reduce the fault current when the quench occurs. The magnets could limit the fault current to low current level with such a small resistance. The current limiting characteristic of the magnets was analyzed from the test result. The solenoid type was wound in parallel to make it non-inductive. The pancake type was also connected in parallel to be compared with the solenoid type in the same condition. The solenoid type was found to have a good thermal stability compared with the pancake type. It also had as large resistance as the pancake type to limit the fault current in sub-cooled $LN_2$ cooling system.