• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제46권1호
• /
• pp.26-33
• /
• 2017

본 연구에서는 상지에 배양한 상황버섯 균사체 유래 다당류의 기능성 식품 소재로의 활용 가능성을 확인하기 위해 조다당류의 분리 및 정제를 통해 분획을 얻었으며, 다양한 면역증강 효과를 확인하였다. 건조된 조다당류를 DEAE-sepharose CL-6B를 이용하여 크로마토그래피한 후 340 nm에서의 흡광도, 단백질, 당 및 uronic acid 함량을 분석한 결과, 증류수로 용출되는 비흡착 분획(PF-1, 분획번호 3~15)과 흡착된 후 NaCl 용액에 의해 용출되는 분획(PF-2, 분획번호 24~33)을 얻었다. 분획물 PF-1 및 PF-2의 유용성분 함량으로 총당 함량은 각각 75.51%, 52.38%, 총단백질 함량은 1.63%, 8.41%, uronic acid 함량은 17.53%, 15.04% 및 ${\beta}-glucan$ 함량은 28.33%, 25.04%로 나타났다. PF-1 및 PF-2에 대해 대식세포주에 처리하여 세포생존율을 확인한 결과 $100{\mu}g/mL$ 농도까지 유의적으로 세포사멸이 나타나지 않아 세포독성이 없음을 확인할 수 있었다. Nitric oxide 생성량은 PF-1 $100{\mu}g/mL$에서는 nitric oxide 생성량이 $23.11{\mu}M$로 나타나 양성대조군으로 사용된 LPS 100 ng/mL 처리군($30.30{\mu}M$)의 약 76%의 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었으며, cytokine 생성량($TNF-{\alpha}$ 및 IL-6) 또한 무처리군에 비하여 높은 생성량을 나타내었다. Polymerase chain reaction을 통한 면역 관련 유전자 발현분석 결과, iNOS, COX-2, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6에서 PF-1 분획에서 높은 발현량을 나타내어 면역 증강을 목적으로 한 기능성 식품 개발에 활용 가능하다고 판단된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.269-275
• /
• 2007

불가사리 추출물을 이용하여 생쥐 비장에 있는 면역세포 활성화 효과에 대해 실험한 결과, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 별불가사리 추출물 중에서 B세포와 대식세포를 활성화시키는 성분은 아세톤처리로 추출할 수 있었다. 둘째, 이 성분은 농도 의존적으로 생쥐 비장세포의 증식반응을 유도하였으며, IL-6와 $IFN-{\gamma}$의 생산을 유도하였다. 셋째, 이 성분은 B세포의 증식을 유도하였으며, 이 때 면역글로불린 IgM과 IgG의 생산도 유도하였다. 넷째, 이 성분은 대식세포주의 일산화질소 생산을 유도하였으며, 또 $TNF-{\alpha}$, GM- CSF와 IL-6의 분비를 유도하였다. 이상의 실험 결과, 본 실험에서 사용한 별불가사리 추출물에는 B세포와 대식세포 같은 면역세포의 증식과 각종 사이토카인을 생산을 유도하여, 면역반응을 조절하는 성분이 포함되어 있는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.20-26
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 민들레잎을 노루궁뎅이버섯 균사체로 발효한 후물과 에탄올로 추출하여 추출용매별 및 발효 전과 발효 후의 항산화 및 항염증 활성을 비교 평가하였다. 추출물의 항산화 활성을 탐색하고자 총 폴리페놀 함량, 총 플라보노이드 함량, DPPH 라디칼 소거능, ABTS를 이용한 라디칼 소거 활성, FRAP을 이용한 총 항산화능을 측정하였다. 또한 RAW 264.7 대식세포를 이용하여 NO 생성량, 염증관련 단백질 및 사이토카인의 변화를 측정하였다. 민들레잎을 발효한 후 항산화 활성은 감소하였으나 오히려 항염증 활성은 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 특히 발효 민들레잎의 에탄올 추출물은 NO 생성 및 iNOS 단백질 발현을 효과적으로 억제하였으며 염증성 사이토카인인 IL-6를 억제하는 효과가 우수하였다. 이상의 결과로 항염증 소재로서 노루궁뎅이버섯 균사체를 이용한 발효 민들레잎의 에탄올 추출물의 활용 가능성을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.33-43
• /
• 2014

This study was performed to investigate the protective effects of acupuncture on the liver in the oxidative stress caused by cadmium accumulation. Sprague-Dawley male($150{\pm}30g$) rats were stabilized for a week and divided into 5 groups which is normal, control, $LR_3$ acupuncture, $BL_{23}$ acupuncture and sham acupuncture group. For three days experimental groups were received oral doses of cadmium 2 mg/kg twice a day. Acupuncture was given bilaterally at each point 10 times for two weeks. The depth of stimulation was 1 mm at right angles and torsion of acupuncture was produced 2 times per second for 1 minutes. The liver was shipped off and taken weight at the last day of two weeks, and hepatic functions was confirmed through alanine transaminase(ALT) and aspartate amino-transferase(AST). We measured reactive oxygen species of serum, liver and kidney, and compared expression levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase(Gpx), nuclear factor erythroid derived 2-related factor 2(Nrf-2), heme oxygenase-1(HO-1), nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$), cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), Bax and Cytochrome c. $BL_{23}$ acupuncture group significantly increased liver weight and decreased ALT compared to control group. For the oxidative stress, $LR_3$ acupuncture group significantly reduced reactive oxygen species, and $BL_{23}$ acupuncture group significantly reduced reactive oxygen species and inflammation-related protein compared to control group. But $LR_3$ acupuncture group and $BL_{23}$ acupuncture group didn't significantly reduce apoptosis-related protein. Therefore $LR_3$ and $BL_{23}$ acupuncture showed the effects of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, especially $BL_{23}$ acupuncture was more effective than $LR_3$ acupuncture on the protection of liver in the oxidative stress.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제62권4호
• /
• pp.308-313
• /
• 2007

연구배경: 패혈증에서 Nitric oxide 스테로이드 호르몬은 혈역학적 변화와 염증반응에 관여하는데 이 두 인자는 서로 상관성이 있는 것으로 알려지고 있다. 하지만 실제 환자에서 서로의 상관성이나 임상적 의의는 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 방법: 패혈증 환자 26예와 대조군 14예를 대상으로 혈중 총 NO와 혈중 코티졸 농도를 측정하였고 이어서 제 3, 5, 7병일에도 연속적으로 측정을 하였다. 결과: 패혈증 환자군에서 초기 혈중 코티졸 및 총 NO 농도는 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 증가하였고 경증 패혈증에 비하여 중증 패혈증 환자군에서 유의하게 높았다. 초기 혈중 총 NO의 농도는 APACHE II 점수, 정맥혈 lactate 농도와 상관성이 있었다. 패혈증의 시간의 경과에 따라 혈중 NO 농도는 제 1병일, 제 5병일, 제 7병일에 혈중 코티졸의 농도와 유의한 상관성이 있었다. 결론: 패혈증 환자들에서 혈중 NO와 코티졸 농도는 증가되어 있었으며, 경과에 따라 서로 유의한 상관성이 지속되었다. 상호작용기전에 대하여는 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.595-603
• /
• 2016

(E)-3-Phenyl-1-(2-pyrrolyl)-2-propenone (PPP) is a pyrrole derivative of chalcone, in which the B-ring of chalcone linked to ${\beta}$-carbon is replaced by pyrrole group. While pyrrole has been studied for possible Src inhibition activity, chalcone, especially the substituents on the B-ring, has shown pharmaceutical, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant properties via inhibition of NF-${\kappa}B$ activity. Our study is aimed to investigate whether this novel synthetic compound retains or enhances the pharmaceutically beneficial activities from the both structures. For this purpose, inflammatory responses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 cells were analyzed. Nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) mRNA expression, and the intracellular inflammatory signaling cascade were measured. Interestingly, PPP strongly inhibited NO release in a dose-dependent manner. To further investigate this anti-inflammatory activity, we identified molecular pathways by immunoblot analyses of nuclear fractions and whole cell lysates prepared from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells with or without PPP pretreatment. The nuclear levels of p50, c-Jun, and c-Fos were significantly inhibited when cells were exposed to PPP. Moreover, according to the luciferase reporter gene assay after cotransfection with either TRIF or MyD88 in HEK293 cells, NF-${\kappa}B$-mediated luciferase activity dose-dependently diminished. Additionally, it was confirmed that PPP dampens the upstream signaling cascade of NF-${\kappa}B$ and AP-1 activation. Thus, PPP inhibited Syk, Src, and TAK1 activities induced by LPS or induced by overexpression of these genes. Therefore, our results suggest that PPP displays anti-inflammatory activity via inhibition of Syk, Src, and TAK1 activity, which may be developed as a novel anti-inflammatory drug.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.39-47
• /
• 2010

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophic factor involved in neuronal differentiation, plasticity, survival and regeneration. BDNF draws massive attention mainly due to the potential as a therapeutic target in neurological diseases such as depression and Alzheimer's disease. In a primary screening for the natural compounds enhancing BDNF release from cultured rat primary cortical neuron, we found that compounds such as baicalein, tanshinone IIa, cinnamic acid, epiberberine, genistein and wogonin among many others increased BDNF release. All the compounds at $0.1{\mu}M$ of concentration barely showed stimulatory effect on BDNF induction, however, their combination (mixture 1; baicalein, tanshinone IIa and cinnamic acid, mixture 2; epiberberine, genistein and wogonin) showed synergistic increase in BDNF release as well as mRNA and protein expression. The level of BDNF expression was comparable to the maximum BDNF stimulation attainable by a positive control oroxylin A ($20{\mu}M$) without cell toxicity as determined by MTT analysis. Both mixtures synergistically increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) as well as cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), an immediate and essential regulator of BDNF expression. Similar to these results, mixture of these compounds synergistically inhibited the up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induced by lipopolysaccharide treatments in rat primary astrocytes. These results suggest that the combinatorial treatment of natural compounds in lower concentration might be a useful strategy to obtain sufficient BDNF stimulation in neurological disease condition such as depression, while minimizing potential side effects and toxicity of higher concentration of a single compound.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.161-168
• /
• 2007

Salicornia herbacea L. (Chenopodiaceae: S. herbacea) is a salt marsh plant, which has long been prescribed in traditional medicines for the treatment of intestinal ailments, nephropathy, and hepatitis in Oriental countries. In order to elucidate the mechanisms of this herb, we conducted an anti-oxidative activity, the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production, and the suppression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine genes, with the solvent-extracts of S. herbacea. We found that both ethyl acetate and n-butanol tractions showed potent anti-oxidative effects in comparison to other fractions using xanthine oxidase assay with $IC_{50}$ values of $66.0{\pm}0.5\;{\mu}g/ml$ and $82.5{\pm}3.8\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In addition, both ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions showed more electron donating activity (EDA) than other tractions, according to DPPH (2, 2-Diphenyl-lpicrylhydrazyl radical) assay. The EDA of ethyl acetate fraction ($IC_{50}$ values of $117.5{\pm}3.8\;{\mu}g/ml$) is more significant than that of n-butanol fraction ($IC_{50}$ values of $375.0{\pm}12.5\;{\mu}g/ml$). Among potential anti-oxidative tractions, ethyl acetate traction dose-dependently suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS, $0.1\;{\mu}g/ml$)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cell, while n-butanol did not. As expected, ethyl acetate fraction suppressed the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in RAW264.7 cell stimulated by $0.1\;{\mu}g/ml$ of LPS. Moreover, the ethyl acetate traction suppressed the expression of interleukin-1 $(IL)-1{\beta}$ and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) mRNA in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Therefore, these results suggest that S. herbacea may have anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities by modulating radical-induced toxicity and various pro-inflammatory responses.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.41-51
• /
• 2015

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the effects of $LR_3$ and $SP_6$ acupuncture on renal damage in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Methods : ICR male mice were stabilized for a week and divided into four groups: a normal mice group(N), no-acupuncture diabetic mice group(Control), $LR_3$ acupuncture diabetic mice group($LR_3$), and $SP_6$ acupuncture diabetic mice group($SP_6$). Diabetes was experimentally induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ(150 mg/kg) in citrate buffer(pH 4.5). For two weeks, $LR_3$ and $SP_6$ acupunctures were administered bilaterally at each point once a day. After two weeks, the animals' weight was measured and they underwent a laparotomy. Serum glucose and blood urea nitrogen(BUN) were measured from the blood taken from the heart. We measured glucose, reactive oxygen species(ROS), peroxynitrite($ONOO^-$) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) in the kidney and compared expression levels of superoxide dismutases(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GPx), nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-${\kappa}B$), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) and Interleukin-1 beta(IL-$1{\beta}$). Results : BUN significantly decreased in $LR_3$, $SP_6$ compared to the control group. $LR_3$ showed significantly decreased glucose compared to the control group. $LR_3$, $SP_6$ significantly decreased in ROS and $ONOO^-$ compared to the control group. $LR_3$ significantly decreased in TBARS compared to the control group. $SP_6$ significantly increased in expressions of SOD-1, catalase, and GPx compared to the control group. $LR_3$, $SP_6$ significantly decreased in COX-2 compared to the control group. $SP_6$ significantly decreased in IL-$1{\beta}$ compared to the control group. Conclusions : This study suggests that $LR_3$ acupuncture may be effective in controlling glucose and lipid peroxidation and that $SP_6$ acupuncture may have anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects on renal damage in STZ-induced diabetic mice.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제44권5호
• /
• pp.673-680
• /
• 2015

본 연구에서는 우렁쉥이 껍질 유래 다당류의 기능성식품 소재로의 활용 가능성을 확인하기 위하여 조다당류의 분리 및 정제를 통해 획분을 얻었으며 다양한 면역증강 효과를 확인하였다. 건조된 조다당류를 DEAE-sepharose CL-6B를 이용하여 크로마토그래피한 후 총당 및 uronic acid 함량을 분석한 결과, 증류수로 용출되는 비흡착 획분(APF-I, fraction No. 11~17)과 흡착된 후 NaCl 용액에 의해 용출되는 획분(APF-II, fraction No. 22~37)을 얻었다. 정제된 APF-I 및 APF-II의 이화학적 특성으로 총당 함량은 각각 66.62%, 27.03%, uronic acid 함량은 47.53%, 15.87%, hexosamine 함량은 16.62%, 46.79% 및 단백질 함량은 2.43%, 4.94%로 나타났다. APF-I 및 APF-II에 대해 RAW 264.7 세포에 처리하여 독성을 평가한 결과 $5{\mu}g/mL$ 농도까지 유의적으로 세포사멸이 나타나지 않아 세포독성이 없음을 확인할 수 있었다. Nitric oxide 생산량은 APF-I이 $5{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 $22.23{\mu}m$ 함량을 나타내어 LPS 대비 73.48%로 타 구간에 비해 높은 생성량을 나타내었으며, cytokine 생성량(TNF-${\alpha}$ 및 IL-6) 또한 APF-I $5{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 각각 LPS 대비 104%, 100.1%를 나타내어 LPS와 유사한 생성량을 나타내었다. Polymerase chain reaction을 통한 면역관련 유전자 발현 분석 결과, iNOS, COX-2, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6에서 APF-I 구간에서 LPS 처리군 보다 높은 발현량을 나타내어 면역증강을 목적으로 한 기능성식품 개발에 활용 가능하다고 사료된다.