Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2017.46.1.026

Immune-Enhancing Effects of Polysaccharides Isolated from Phellinus linteus Mycelium on Mori ramulus  

Park, Hye-Mi (Department of Food Science and Technology, Catholic University of Daegu)
Hong, Joo-Heon (Department of Food Science and Technology, Catholic University of Daegu)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition / v.46, no.1, 2017 , pp. 26-33 More about this Journal
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the immune-enhancing effects of polysaccharides isolated from Phellinus linteus mycelium on Mori ramulus. Crude polysaccharides were isolated by pressurized extraction ($121^{\circ}C$, $1.2kgf/cm^2$, 3 h), ethanol precipitation, and lyophilization. In addition, crude polysaccharides were further fractionated into unabsorbed fractions (PF-1, fraction No. 3~15) and absorbed fractions (PF-2, fraction No. 24~33) by DEAE-sepharose CL-6B column chromatography in order to isolate immune-regulating polysaccharides. The major constituents in PF-1 and PF-2 were total sugar (75.51% and 52.38%), total protein (1.63% and 8.41%), uronic acid (17.53% and 15.04%), and ${\beta}-glucan$ (28.33% and 25.04%), respectively. PF-1 increased production of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha ($TNF-{\alpha}$) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in a dose-dependent manner. The mRNA expression levels of inducible NO synthetase, cyclooxygenase-2, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and IL-6 markedly increased as determined by polymerase chain reaction analysis. The above data led us to conclude that macrophage activation of purified polysaccharides was higher than that of crude polysaccharides. The polysaccharides isolated from P. linteus mycelium on M. ramulus investigated herein are useful as natural immune-enhancing agents.
Keywords
Phellinus linteus mycelium; polysaccharide; immune enhancing; nitric oxide; cytokine production;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 13  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Tamura Y, Niinobe M, Arima T, Okuda H, Fujii S. 1973. Studies on aminopeptidases in rat liver and plasma. Biochim Biophys Acta 327: 437-445.   DOI
2 Olson EJ, Standing JE, Griego-Harper N, Hoffman OA, Limper AH. 1996. Fungal $\beta$-glucan interacts with vitronectin and stimulates tumor nectosis factor alpha release from macrophages. Infect Immu 64: 3548-3554.
3 Jorgensen JB, Robertsen B. 1995. Yeast $\beta$-glucan stimulates respiratory burst activity of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) macrophages. Dev Comp Immunol 19: 43-57.   DOI
4 Lee BE, Ryu SY, Kim EH, Kim YH, Kwak KA, Song HY. 2012. Immunostimulating effect of mycelium extract of Phellinus linteus. Kor J Parmacogn 43: 157-162.
5 Jeong HJ, Chung HS, An HJ, Seo SW, Kim TG, Won JH, Shin JY, Ahn KS, Kim HM. 2004. The immune-enhancing effect of the herbal combination Bouum-Myunyuk-Dan. Biol Pharm Bull 27: 29-33.   DOI
6 Ryu HS. 2008. Effects of Job's Tears (Yul-Moo) extracts on mouse splenocyte and macrophage cell activation. Korean J Food Nutr 21: 1-6.
7 Yoon TJ, Yu KW, Shin KS, Suh HJ. 2008. Innate immune stimulation of exo-polymers prepared from Cordyceps sinensis by submerged culture. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 80: 1087-1093.   DOI
8 Weller R. 1997. Nitric oxide-a newly discovered chemical transmitter in human skin. Br J Dermatol 137: 665-672.   DOI
9 Yu AR, Park HY, Choi IW, Park YK, Hong HD, Choi HD. 2012. Immune enhancing effect of medicinal herb extracts on a RAW264.7 macrophage cell line. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 41: 1521-1527.   DOI
10 Seo SJ, Choi HG, Chung HJ, Hong CK. 2002. Time course of expression of mRNA of inducible nitric oxide synthase and generation of nitric oxide by ultraviolet B in keratinocyte cell lines. Br J Dermatol 147: 655-662.   DOI
11 Moncada S, Higgs A. 1993. The L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway. N Engl J Med 329: 2002-2012.   DOI
12 Shew RL, Papka RE, McNeill DL, Yee JA. 1993. NADPH-diaphorase- positive nerves and the role of nitric oxide in CGRP relaxation of uterine contraction. Peptides 14: 637-641.   DOI
13 Kawamata H, Ochiai H, Mantani N, Terasawa K. 2000. Enhanced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase by Juzen-taiho-to in LPS activated RAW264.7 cells, a murine macrophage cell line. Am J Chin Med 28: 217-226.   DOI
14 Lee BG, Kim SH, Zee OP, Lee KR, Lee HY, Han JW, Lee HW. 2000. Suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in RAW264.7 macrophages by two beta-carboline alkaloids extracted from Melia azedarach. Eur J Pharmacol 406: 301-309.   DOI
15 Choi SJ, Lee YS, Kim JK, Kim JK, Lim SS. 2010. Physiological activities of extract from edible mushrooms. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 39: 1087-1096.   DOI
16 Kim HS, Kang JS. 2008. Preparation and characteristics of bread by medicinal herb composites with immunostimulating activity. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 37: 109-116.   DOI
17 Jung EB, Jo JH, Cho SM. 2008. Cytotoxic effect of isolated protein-bound polysaccharides from Hypsizigus marmoreus extracts by response surface methodology. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 37: 1647-1653.   DOI
18 Saha AK, Brewer CF. 1994. Determination of the concentrations of oligosaccharides, complex type carbohydrates, and glycoproteins using the phenol-sulfuric acid method. Carbohydr Res 254: 157-167.   DOI
19 Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. 1951. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193: 265-275.
20 Cesaretti M, Luppi E, Maccari F, Volpi N. 2003. A 96-well assay for uronic acid carbazole reaction. Carbohydr Polym 54: 59-61.   DOI
21 van Meerloo J, Kaspers GJ, Cloos J. 2011. Cell sensitivity assays: the MTT assay. In Cancer Cell Culture: Methods and Protocols. Humana Press, New York, NY, USA. Vol 731, p 237-245.
22 Han J, Kim Y, Sung J, Um Y, Lee Y, Lee J. 2009. Suppressive effects of Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum flower extracts on nitric oxide production and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 38: 1685-1690.   DOI
23 Cho CW, Rhee YK, Lee YC, Kim YC, Shin KS, Nam SH, Hong HD. 2014. Immunomodulatory activity of crude polysaccharides from Makgeolli. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 43: 238-242.   DOI
24 Lee DH, Hong JH. 2015. Immune-enhancing effects of polysaccharides isolated from Ascidian (Halocynthia roretzi) tunic. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 44: 673-680.   DOI
25 Mizuno M, Morimoto M, Minato K, Tsuchida H. 1998. Polysaccharides from Agaricus blazei stimulate lymphocyte T-cell subsets in mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 62: 434-437.   DOI
26 Kumar V, Nagar S, Tripathi YC. 2014. Do assorted approaches aid in estimation of uronic acids? Case studies on Tinospora sinensis polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 70: 360-363.   DOI
27 Nakajima A, Ishida T, Koga M, Takeuchi M, Mazda O, Takeuchi M. 2002. Effect of hot water extract from Agaricus blazei Murill on antibody-producing cells in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2: 1205-1211.   DOI
28 Chang HL, Chao GR, Chen CC, Jeng LM. 2001. Non-volatile taste components of Agaricus blazei, Antrodia camphorata and Cordycps millitaris mycelia. Food Chem 74: 203-207.   DOI
29 Joung EM, Hwang IG, Lee HY, Jeong JH, Yu KW, Jeong HS. 2009. Changes of saponin and $\beta$-glucan content on the cultured ginseng with mushroom mycelia. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 38: 1084-1089.   DOI
30 Han XQ, Chan BCL, Yu H, Yang YH, Hu SQ, Ko CH, Dong CX, Wong CK, Shaw PC, Fung KP, Leung PC, Hsiao WL, Tu PF, Han QB. 2012. Structural characterization and immuno-modulating activities of a polysaccharide from Ganoderma sinense. Int J Biol Macromol 51: 597-603.   DOI
31 Kim GY, Lee JY, Lee JO, Ryu CH, Choi BT, Jeong YK, Lee KW, Jeong SC, Choi YH. 2006. Partial characterization and immunostimulatory effect of a novel polysaccharideprotein complex extracted from Phellinus linteus. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 70: 1218-1226.   DOI
32 McDaniel ML, Kwon G, Hill JR, Marshall CA, Corbett JA. 1996. Cytokines and nitric oxide in islet inflammation and diabetes. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 211: 24-32.   DOI
33 Kim DH, Park SJ, Jung JY, Kim SC, Byun SH. 2009. Anti-inflammatory effects of the aqueous extract of Hwangnyenhaedok- tang in LPS-activated macrophage cells. Kor J Herbol 24: 39-47.
34 Korea Food and Drug Administration. 2006. National Standard of Traditional Medicinal (Herbal and Botanical) Materials. Seoul, Korea. p 209.
35 Ren G, Liu XY, Zhu HK, Yang SZ, Fu CX. 2006. Evaluation of cytotoxic activities of some medicinal polypore fungi from China. Fitoterapia 77: 408-410.   DOI
36 Chung KS, Kim SS, Kim HS, Han MW, Kim BK. 1994. Antitumor activity of Kp, a protein-polysaccharide from the mycelial culture of Phellinus linteus. Yakhak Hoeji 38: 158-165.
37 Kim DH, Choi HJ, Bae EA, Han MJ, Park SY. 1998. Effect of artificially cultured Phellinus linteus on harmful intestinal bacterial enzymes and rat intestinal $\alpha$-glucosidases. J Fd Hyg Safety 13: 20-23.
38 Kim H, You J, Jo Y, Lee Y, Park I, Park J, Jung MA, Kim YS, Kim S. 2013. Inhibitory effects of Phellinus linteus and rice with Phellinus linteus mycelium on obesity and diabetes. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 42: 1029-1035.   DOI
39 Kim MC, Kim JS, Heo MS. 2008. Antibacterial, antioxidant and antitumor activities of mushroom mycelium mixed culture extracts. Korean J Biotechnol Bioeng 23: 158-163.
40 Jung IS, Kim YJ, Choi IS, Choi EY, Shin SH, Gal SW, Choi YJ. 2007. Studies on antioxidant activity and inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis of germinated brown rice soaked in mycelial culture broth of Phellinus linteus. J Life Sci 17: 1141-1146.   DOI
41 Kim H, Yoon HS, Jeong JH, Jeong HS, Hwang JH, Yu KW. 2010. Enhancement of immunostimulation by fractionation of active polysaccharide from fermented ginseng with Phellinus linteus mycelium in solid culture. Korean J Food Sci Technol 42: 223-232.
42 Shon MY, Seo KI, Choi SY, Sung NJ, Lee SW, Park SK. 2006. Chemical compounds and biological activity of Phellinus baumii. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 35: 524-529.   DOI