• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.127-127
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• 2017

Aluminum is the most abundant metallic element in the Earth's crust and considered as the most limiting factor for plant productivity in acidic soils. The inhibition of root growth is recognized as the primary effect of Al toxicity. Seeds of wheat cv. Keumkang (Korean cultivar) were germinated on petridish for 5 days and then transferred hydroponic apparatus which was treated with $0{\mu}M$ $AlCl_3$ (control), $100{\mu}M$ $AlCl_3$ and $150{\mu}M$ $AlCl_3$ for 5 days. The length of roots, shoots and fresh weight of wheat seedlings were decreased under aluminum stress. The concentrations of $K^+$, $Mg^{2+}$ and $Ac^{2+}$ were decreased whereas $Al^{3+}$ and $P_2O_5{^-}$ concentration was increased under aluminum stress. Using confocal microscopy, the fluorescence intensity of aluminum was increased with morin staining. In this study, a proteome analysis was performed to identify proteins, which is responsible to aluminum stress in wheat roots. In 10-day-old seedlings, proteins were extracted from roots and separated by 2-DE, stained by CBB. Using image analysis, a total of 47 differentially expressed protein spots were selected, whereas 19 protein spots were significantly up-regulated such as s-adenosylmethionine, oxalate oxidase, malate dehydrogenase, cysteine synthase, ascorbate peroxidase and 28 protein spots were significantly down-regulated such as heat shock protein 70, o-methytransferase 4, enolase, amylogenin by aluminum stress following protein spots analyzed by LTQ-FTICR mass spectrometry. The results provide the global picture of Al toxicity-induced alterations of protein profiles in wheat roots, and identify the Al toxicity-responsive proteins related to various biological processes that may provide some novel clues about plant Al tolerance.

• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.519-527
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• 1997

The micro crack was occurred where the stress concentrated by the thermal stress which was induced during the cooling period after molding process or by the various reliability tests. In order to estimate the possibility of development from inside micro crack to outside fracture, the fracture toughness of EMC should be measured under the various applicable condition. But study was conducted very rarely for the above area. In order to provide a was to decide the fracture resistance of EMC (Epoxy Molding Compound) of plastic package which is produced by using transfer molding method, measuring fracture is studied. The specimens were made with various EMC material. The diverse combination of test conditions, such as different temperature, temperature /humidity conditions, different filler shapes, and post cure treatment, were tried to examine the effects of environmental condition on the fracture toughness. This study proposed a way which could improve the reliability of LOC(Lead On Chip) type package by comparing the measured $J_{IC}$ of EMC and the calculated J-integral value from FEM(Finite Element Method). The measured $K_{IC}$ value of EMC above glass transition temperature dropped sharply as the temperature increased. The $K_{IC}$ was observed to be higher before the post cure treatment than after the post cure treatment. The change of $J_{IC}$ was significant by time change. J-integral was calculated to have maximum value the angle of the direction of fracture at the lead tip was 0 degree in SOJ package and -30 degree in TSOP package. The results FEM simulation were well agreed with the results of measurement within 5% tolerance. The package crack was proved to be affected more by the structure than by the composing material of package. The structure and the composing material are the variables to reduce the package crack.ack.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book I
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• pp.338-351
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• 2003

UV radiation is the most dangerous stress factor among permanent environmental impacts on human skin. Consequences of UV exposure are aberrant tissue architecture, alterations in skin cells including functional changes. Nowadays new kinds of outdoor leisure-time activities and changing environmental conditions make the question of sun protection more important than ever. It is necessary to recognize that self-confident consumers do not consider to change their way of life, they demand modern solutions on the basis of new scientific developments. In the past one fundamental principle of cosmetics was the use of physical and organic filter systems against damaging UV-rays. Today new research results demonstrate that natural protecting cell mechanisms can be activated. Suitable biological actives strongly support the protection function not from the surface but from the inside of the cell. A soy seed preparation (SSP) was proven to stimulate natural skin protective functions. The major functions are an increased energy level and the prevention of DNA damage. These functions can I be defined as biological UV protection. The tumor suppressor protein p53 plays a key role in the regulation of DNA repair. p53 must be transferred into the phosphorylated form to work as transcription factor for genes which are regulating the cell cycle or organizing DNA repair. A pretreatment with SSP increases the phosphorylation rate of p53 of chronically UV-irradiated human keratinocytes significantly. According to the same test procedure SSP induces a dramatic increase in the expression of the tumor suppressor protein p14$^{ARF}$ that is supporting the p53 activity by blocking the antagonist of p53, the oncoprotein Mdm2. Mdm2, a ubiquitin E3-ligase, downregulates p53 and at the same time it prevents phosphorylation of p53. The positive influence of the tumor suppressor proteins explains the stimulation of DNA repair and prevention of sunburn cell formation by SSP, which was proven in cell culture experiments. In vivo the increased skin tolerance against UV irradiation by SSP could be confirmed too. We have assumed, that an increased repair potential provides full cell functionality.y.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.124-124
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• 2017

Cadmium (Cd) is of particular concern because of its widespread occurrence and high toxicity and may cause serious morpho-physiological and molecular abnormalities in in plants. The present study was performed to explore Cd-induced morpho-physiological alterations and their potentiality associated mechanisms in Sorghum bicolor leaves at the protein level. Ten-day-old sorghum seedlings were exposed to different concentrations (0, 100, and $150{\mu}M$) of $CdCl_2$, and different morpho-physiological responses were recorded. The effects of Cd exposure on protein expression patterns in S. bicolor were investigated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) in samples derived from the leaves of both control and Cd-treated seedlings. The observed morphological changes revealed that the plants treated with Cd displayed dramatically altered shoot lengths, fresh weights, and relative water content. In addition, the concentration of Cd was markedly increased by treatment with Cd, and the amount of Cd taken up by the shoots was significantly and directly correlated with the applied level of Cd. Using the 2-DE method, a total of 33 differentially expressed protein spots were analyzed using MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. Of these, treatment with Cd resulted in significant increases in 15 proteins and decreases in 18 proteins. Significant changes were absorbed in the levels of proteins known to be involved in carbohydrate metabolism, transcriptional regulation, translation and stress responses. Proteomic results revealed that Cd stress had an inhibitory effect on carbon fixation, ATP production and the regulation of protein synthesis. In addition, the up-regulation of glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome P450 may play a significant role in Cd-related toxicity and stress responses. Our study provides insights into the integrated molecular mechanisms involved in response to Cd and the effects of Cd on the growth and physiological characteristics of sorghum seedlings. The upregulation of these stress-related genes may be candidates for further research and use in genetic manipulation of sorghum tolerance to Cd stress.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.232-242
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• 2002

Mycorrhiza 접종이 페레니얼 라이그라스가 가뭄 스트레스 저항성에 대한 효과를 검증하기 위해 mycorrhiza 접종구(AM)와 mycorrhiza를 접종하지 않은 비접종구 (non-AM)를 정상적 토양 수분 (-0.04Mpa) 및 가뭄 스트레스 (-0.12MPa)를 각각 처리한 후 0.14 및 28일에 잎의 수분포텐셜, 인의 함량, 작물의 성장 및 탄수화물 농도를 분석하였다. 가뭄 스트레스구에서 잎의 수분포텐셜, 클로로필, 인의 함량 및 잎의 성장이 유의적으로 감소되었다. 가뭄에 의한 이러한 생리적 장해요인들은 mycorrhiza 접종에 의해 완화되었다. 가뭄 스트레스하에서 잎의 soluble sugar 농도는 감소 되었으며, AM 처리구는 non-AM 처리구보다 soluble sugar 농도는 높게 나타났다. 가뭄 스트레스하에서 지상부의 starch와 fructan의 축적은 가뭄 스트레스 하에서 감소되는 반면 뿌리에서는 증가하였다. 가뭄 스트레스 하에서 뿌리에서 starch의 농도는 non-AM 처리구에서 AM처리구보다 더 높게 나타났다. 가뭄 스트레스 하에서 잎의 fructan 농도는 약간 감소하였으나 뿌리에서는 현저히 증가하였다. 가뭄 스트레스 하에서 처리 후 28일째 fructan의 농도는 정상적 수분공급구와 비교해 볼 때 non-AM과 AM 잎에서 각각 18.7% 와 13.3% 낮았다. 뿌리에서 가뭄스트레스에 의한 fructan의 축적은 mycorrhiza 접종에 의해 약 14% 감소되었다. 이상의 결과들은 mycorrhiza 접종은 잎의 수분 포텐셜과 인의 함량을 더 높게 유지하게 하고, soluble sugar의 함량을 더 많이 보유하게 함으로써 작물의 가뭄에 대한 내성을 증가 시킴을 잘 보여 주었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.406-415
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• 2020

본 연구는 간척지 내 재배 가능한 내염성 사료용 옥수수를 선발하기 위해 EMS를 이용하여 돌연변이 집단을 구축하고 기내 선발 방법을 통해 내염성 증진 계통을 선발하였고, 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 사료용 옥수수 모본인 KS140에 다양한 조건으로 EMS를 처리하여 발아율 및 식물의 생육 상태를 조사하였고, 발아율에는 영향을 미치지 않으면서 생육에 큰 영향을 주지않는 0.5% EMS를 돌연변이 유도 적정 농도로 선정하였다. 2. 기내 선발 방법을 통해 선발된 내염성 증진 계통 140ES91 계통을 이용하여 0.5% 염분 스트레스 처리 후 표현형을 조사한 결과, 대조군인 KS140 대비 식물의 초장 및 근장의 생육이 양호하였으며, 높은 proline 함량과 기공전도도를 보였다. 따라서 염분 스트레스 시 높은 proline 함량과 기공전도도가 140ES91 계통의 증가된 내염성과 관련이 있을 것으로 판단된다. 3. 내염성 증진 140ES91 계통의 유전변이 분석을 통해 유전자 기능에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 아미노산 변이를 유발하는 39개의 변이 유전자를 확인하였고, 변이 유전자와 내염성의 관계를 증명하기 위한 유전자 기능 분석이 요구된다. 4. 기 보고된 내염성 관련 유전자들의 발현 양상을 조사한 결과 ABP9과 CIPK31 유전자는 대조군 대비 염분 스트레스 처리 전후 140ES91 계통에서 높은 발현율을 보였으며, CIPK21 유전자는 염분 스트레스 처리 후 대조군에는 발현이 감소하나 140ES91 계통에서는 발현이 유지됨을 확인하였다. 따라서 140ES91 계통에서 보이는 내염성 관련 유전자들의 높은 발현율이 140ES91 계통의 내염성에 관여할 것으로 판단된다. 5. 이상의 결과 기내 선발 방법을 통해 선발한 내염성 증진 계통은 간척지와 같은 염류집적 토양에서 작물의 안정적인 재배와 생산이 가능한 내염성 증진 품종 개발의 육종소재로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.369-374
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• 2006

To investigate the mechanism of salt tolerance of gram-positive moderately halophilic bacteria, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) was employed to achieve high resolution maps of proteins of Halobacillus dabanensis $D-8^T$. Approximately 700 spots of proteins were identified from these 2-D PAGE maps. The majority of these proteins had molecular weights between 17.5 and 66 kDa, and most of them were distributed between the isoelectric points (pI) 4.0 and 5.9. Some protein spots were distributed in the more acidic region of the 2-D gel (pI <4.0). This pattern indicated that a number of proteins in the strain $D-8^T$ are acidic. To understand the adaptation mechanisms of moderately halophilic bacteria in response to sudden environmental changes, differential protein profiles of this strain were investigated by 2-D PAGE and $Imagemaster^{TM}$ 2D Platinum software after the cells were subjected to salt shock of 1 to 25% salinity for 5 and 50 min. Analysis showed 59 proteins with an altered level of expression as the result of the exposure to salt shock. Eighteen proteins had increased expression, S proteins were induced, and the expression of 33 proteins was down-regulated. Eight of the up-regulated proteins were identified using MALDI-TOF/MS and MASCOT, and were similar to proteins involved in signal transduction, proteins participating in energy metabolism pathways and proteins involved in stress.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.1427-1434
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• 2022

Two novel, halotolerant strains of Martelella soudanensis, NC18^T and NC20, were isolated from deep subsurface sediment, deeply sequenced, and comparatively analyzed with related strains. Based on a phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences, the two strains grouped with members of the genus Martelella. Here, we sequenced the complete genomes of NC18^T and NC20 to understand the mechanisms of their halotolerance. The genome sizes and G+C content of the strains were 6.1 Mb and 61.8 mol%, respectively. Moreover, NC18^T and NC20 were predicted to contain 5,849 and 5,830 genes, and 5,502 and 5,585 protein-coding genes, respectively. Both strains contain the identically predicted 6 rRNAs and 48 tRNAs. The harboring of halotolerant-associated genes revealed that strains NC18^T and NC20 might tolerate high salinity through the accumulation of potassium ions in a "salt-in" strategy induced by K⁺ uptake protein (kup) and the K⁺ transport system (trkAH and kdpFABC). These two strains also use the ectoine transport system (dctPQM), the glycine betaine transport system (proVWX), and glycine betaine uptake protein (opu) to accumulate "compatible solutes," such as ectoine and glycine betaine, to protect cells from salt stress. This study reveals the halotolerance mechanism of strains NC18^T and NC20 in high salt environments and suggests potential applications for these halotolerant and halophilic strains in environmental biotechnology.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2005

Superoxide dismutase와 ascorbate peroxidase가 동시에 과대발현된 담배(CA)를 가지고 여러 제초제들에 대한 항산화 반응을 조사하였다. 온실조건 실험에서, CA 담배는 PSI 저해제로 알려진 paraquat처리에 대해서 내성이 인정되었고 그 정도는 40% 내외였다. PS II 저해제 (bromoxynil, diuron, bromacil), 엽록소 생합성 저해제 (oxyfluorfen), 카로티노이드 생합성 저해제 (fluridone)와 EPSP synthase 저해제 (glyphosate) 처리에서는 CA와 wild type간의 반응차이가 관찰되지 않았다. Paraquat와 diuron을 이용한 약광 조건의 실험에서도 온실조건의 실험결과와 유사한 정도로 paraquat처리에 대해서만 내성을 나타내었다. 온실조건에서의 엽위별 반응의 경우, 6 - 9 엽기 식물체에 paraquat를 처리하였을 때, 약제처리 당시 위로부터 3 - 4번째 전개되고 있었던 잎이 상대적으로 내성 정도가 높게 나타났다. 한편 paraquat 처리 시에 여러 농도의 ascorbic acid를 혼합할 경우, CA와 wild type 모두에서 비슷한 정도로 paraquat 활성을 경감시켰다. 결론적으로, CuZnSOD/APX의 과대발현은 photosystem I 에서 발생되는 산화스트레스에 대해서만 주로 작용하며, 다른 제초제들에 의해 발생되는 산화적 스트레스에 대해서는 소거 능력이 부족한 것으로 판단되었다.