• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.204-209
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• 2007

As people are getting interested in themselves ever than before, the value of culture industry which can satisfy their emotions has been considered much more important. According to this, in terms of the 'space', it is better to represent 'space' not just as a functional space, but the human-centered and making human and nature together. In this society, the most human-centered design can be achieved by pursuing value which is friendlier to nature. And it is sure that the interior design that completes life quality as well as emotions of human will be common in near future. There already has been a try 'Green interior' in subway station in variety ways, and now it is needed to make indoor display in Seoul subway station different in order to satisfy human emotions. If culture space in Seoul subway station applied eco-element interacts with indoor environment, it is surely expected that people have better feeling on subway station as well as help eliminate negative elements which underground have had. In culture space, there are many advantages for displaying space into 'nature', that is, natural space represents the best comfortable and agreeable space, and future-oriented design when it gets interacted with environment. Application of 'Green interior' in Seoul subway station makes special place ness by its symbol and image, so that it derives people to have more natural and comfortable movement distance in subway station, offers more comfortable and cozy place as well. Furthermore, it makes people very moved by experiencing the most special culture space that they have ever had.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.71-78
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• 2009

This study analyzed the observation characteristics on space by analyzing through the visual perception experiment to the image dates from the original space and the rotated space of it. The results of this study are as fellow as: First, most frequently observed points were, lower end mainly from the center was more observed in the original space while upper end mainly from the center was more observed in the rotated space. Therefore, it is able for us to learn whether the space has the same design, the length of time focusing on one point differentiates as the image rotates. Second, differentiation in observation part, as shown in the case study, can be seen as a consequence of changes in perspective composition. The test indicates that when a design is presented to an observer, the observer's examining point would vary according to where the indoor perspective drawing places a vanishing point. Third, in zones I and II, observation was focused on lower end in the original picture while on the rotated picture there were more focus on the upper end and perpendicularity view of the indoor. Fourth, this study analyzed the mean value of the observation part. As one method wants to see how to change the observation characteristics by rotating the original space, few deviation from the mean value will be interpret to have similar observation characteristics over all even if it has the differences of watching place by rotated space.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.3-10
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• 2009

Domestic distribution market is in a time of transition for the present. With consumers' diverse demands, the growth of department stores, shopping malls, specialized shops and so on has been taken place radically and the competition among them also has become severe. In order to promptly and positively cope with the radically changing trend of market and the generation of competing business entities, they are necessary to establish a discriminated indoor space plan. With such desires as the expansion of leisure activities based on the increase of personal income and the up-gradation, diversification and individualization of living standard based on economic growth, the dining-out space, one of people's life environments, need a variety of changes. In the past, the specialized restaurants of composite shopping malls and department stores were a mere mediating space of food sale between producers and consumers, but today they become a discriminated and creative indoor space which representing customers' lifestyle. The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristic of public space of specialized restaurants at composite shopping malls and department stores and then present a discriminated spatial marketing strategy in order to find out the direction of its proceeding in the future. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to work out basic data for the development of dining-out contents at the time of appearing diverse composite dining-out spaces in the future and of establishing a renovation plan of specialized restaurants at composite shopping malls and department stores in order to provide customers a space which could satisfy their desires. In this vein, the characteristic and composition of necessary space was analyzed based on the examination of cases. The investigator hopes that study findings are used as basic data for the study on the interrelationship between the sale space and dining-out space of composite commercial facilities and for the establishment of marketing strategy to attract customers.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1288-1292
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• 2007

Because the indoor spaces of the passenger cabin is generally airtight to secure the safety of passengers and enhance the efficiency of the cabin air conditioning performances, the contamination pattern of them are largely similar to that of general indoor spaces. Therefore, continuous supply of outdoor air is required to keep the amenity of indoor space. Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system is composed of air cleaning filter, heater and air conditioned, blower and ducts. To achieve the clean indoor environment, an integrated control of each HVAC equipment are required. In this study, we developed the air cleaning system to enhance the amenity of the railroad passenger cabin.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.342-347
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• 2015

We introduce an indoor broadcasting system using light-emitting diode (LED) lamps coupled with a 220 V power line. Two couplers connected to the power line constitute a power line communication (PLC) link. The transmission path from an LED lamp to a photodetector forms a visible light communication (VLC) link in free space. When the LED lamp is coupled to the power line, a composite PLC-VLC link is formed, making it possible to transmit a VLC signal beyond line-of-sight. In experiments, a 4 kHz analog signal modulated with a 100 kHz carrier was sent to the power line by a PLC coupler, and LED lamps coupled to the power line detected the signal and radiated it to multiple VLC receivers in the room. This configuration is useful in expanding an indoor VLC sensor network to adjacent rooms or constructing a voice broadcasting system in a building or apartments with existing power lines.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.1180-1182
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• 2012

최근 시설물이 대형화 및 복잡화 되어 가면서 실외 공간뿐만 아니라 실내공간에 대한 관심이 국내외적으로 높아지고 있다. 이에 실내공간을 3차원으로 표현하고, 실외와 실내를 연계 및 통합하려는 연구가 국내외적으로 시도되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 실외와 실내의 연계 및 통합을 위한 전 단계의 연구로 현재 국제 표준화 작업이 진행 중인 실내공간을 표현하는 IndoorGML 데이터모델을 대상으로 그 데이터를 편집하고 가시화하는 도구를 구현하였다.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.302-306
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• 2021

Indoor localization is one of the basic elements of Location-Based Service, such as indoor navigation, location-based precision marketing, spatial recognition of robotics, augmented reality, and mixed reality. We propose a Voxel Labeling-based visual positioning system using object simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). Our method is a method of determining a location through single image 3D cuboid object detection and object SLAM for indoor navigation, then mapping to create an indoor map, addressing it with voxels, and matching with a defined space. First, high-quality cuboids are created from sampling 2D bounding boxes and vanishing points for single image object detection. And after jointly optimizing the poses of cameras, objects, and points, it is a Visual Positioning System (VPS) through matching with the pose information of the object in the voxel database. Our method provided the spatial information needed to the user with improved location accuracy and direction estimation.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.745-760
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• 2010

The purposes of this study were to investigate the state of indoor thermal and air environment during winter in the one-room type multi-family houses occupied by university students and to analyze factors which influenced this environment. Field survey was conducted in 10 houses between 30th January, 2009 and 13th February, 2009 which measured indoor thermal and air elements as well kept records of interviews with residents and other related factors. Measured elements were air temperature, relative humidity, as well as concentrations of $CO_2$, CO, TVOC, and PM-10. The results can be summarized as follows. 1) The mean air temperature in each house ranged from 19.3 to $25.3^{\circ}C$, so most houses were not suitable for evaluation criteria($20-22^{\circ}C$). The average $CO_2$ concentration in each house was 965~3259ppm, so most houses exceeded evaluation criteria(1000ppm). The average TVOC concentration in each house were 0.00~1.17ppm, 5 houses exceeded evaluation criteria(0.12ppm). 2) Relative humidity, CO concentration, and PM-10 concentration were suitable for evaluation criteria. Therefore, indoor thermal and air environment during winter in one-room type multi-family housing occupied by university students was found to be generally uncomfortable. Important factor which were found to influence air temperature and the concentration of $CO_2$ were smaller space capacity than general house. Other factors which were found to influence the environment of these houses were the existence of a balcony as well as factors relating to the behavior of occupants such whether or not heating were operated, whether windows were opened, whether fans used, whether occupants smoked or used cosmetics, and whether the space was dusted.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to suggest objective basic data for the apartment interior landscape project through the quantitative analysis of the apartment residents' satisfaction on the apartment interior landscape. 1. The major variables related to the interior landscape expert's satisfaction were the interest of the broadcasting of the interior landscape, garden belong to oneself, the intention of the modification of the apartment framework for the interior plantscape, the illumination for the indoor Plants, the season feeling through the int erior plantscape, the psychological effect of the indoor plants, income, the apartment framework and interior plants, the experience and knowledge about the indoor plants, floor space, utilizing veranda as a garden. 2. The major variables related to the general residents' satisfaction included the experience and knowledge on the indoor plants, veranda space, the season feeling through the interior plantscape, the illumination for the interior plants, the interest of the broadcasting of the interior landscape, the intention of the modification of the apartment framework for the interior plantscape. 3. According to the multiple regression analysis, the 'R2'of the major variables related to the experts' satisfaction has been obtained as 75.55%, and that of the varibles related to the general residents' satisfaction, 23.49 %. 4. Such variables as the season feeling through the interior plantscape, the Interest of the broadcasting of the interior landscape, and the intention of the modification of the apartment framework for the interior plantscape for the exports and the general residents are supposed that we develope new interior plants as well as the interior plantscape for the growth of the plants regarding the apartment framework. 5. The interior landscape experts were more positive than the general residents in using the interior landscape materials including indoor plants. 6. The feelings about building layout and the satisfaction in exterior spaces expended the interior landscape, visually, were reasons for the satisfaction of the apartment interior landscape.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.476-483
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• 2016

Super Wi-Fi is a Wi-Fi-like service exploiting TV white space (WS) which is expected to achieve larger coverage than today's Wi-Fi thanks to its superior propagation characteristics. Super Wi-Fi has been materialized as an international standard, IEEE 802.11af, targeting indoor and outdoor applications, and is undergoing worldwide field tests. This paper demonstrates the true potential of indoor Super Wi-Fi, by experimentally comparing the signal propagation characteristics of Super Wi-Fi and Wi-Fi in the same indoor environment. Specifically, we measured the wall and floor attenuation factors and the path-loss distribution at 770MHz, 2.401 GHz, and 5.540 GHz, and predicted the downlink capacity of Wi-Fi and Super Wi-Fi. The experimental results have revealed that TVWS signals can penetrate up to two floors above and below, whereas Wi-Fi signals experience significant path loss even through a single floor. It has been also shown that Super Wi-Fi mitigates shaded regions of Wi-Fi by providing almost-homogeneous data rates within its coverage, performs comparable to Wi-Fi utilizing less bandwidth, and always achieves better spectral efficiency than Wi-Fi. The observed phenomena imply that Super Wi-Fi is suitable for indoor applications and has the potential of extending horizontal and vertical coverage of today's Wi-Fi.