• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.148
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• pp.129-156
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• 2018

Recently, a lot of articles and writings defending animal right and welfare are introduced into our society. For example, P. Singer's Animal Liberation, T. Regan's The Case for Animal Rights, and J. Rachels's Created From Animal are representative writings of animal ethics. In his books, P. Singer maintains that all animals are equal. T. Regan insisted that animals as a subject of a life have rights. J. Rachels's moral individualism is that how an individual may be treated is to be determined, not by considering his group membership, but by considering his own particular characteristics. Interestingly, they use common argument called 'argument from marginal cases' to justify their theoretical positions. If we can disclose the weakness of the argument, all kinds of animal ethics which defend animal right and welfare such as animal liberation theory, animal rights theory and moral individualism will collapse. In this paper, I will examine the concrete contexts in which Singer, Regan and Rachels make use of the argument. And I will critically examine the argument. Lastly I will show that the attempt to deny the difference of species is unsuccessful.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.81-101
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of mental similarity and internal locus of control, which are the characteristics of an organizational member, and individualism and power distance, which are an individual's sense of value, on mentoring function in an informal mentoring relationship of ROK army. For corroborative analysis, the sample was collected from 547 questionnaires, which contain validate data out of 1,000 questionnaires distributed to junior officers working at ROK army's division level unit. The data proved that, First, mental similarity and internal locus of control positively effected upon mentoring function. Second, individualism positively effected upon mentoring function while power distance had a negative effect on it. Thus in an informal mentoring relationship of ROK army, a mentee perceived as he or she gains more support from mentoring function when a mentee recognizes higher mental similarity, individualism, and is in an internal locus of control. On the other hand, a mentee who perceived higher power distance felt as he or she gets less support from mentoring function. Through this investigation, the significance of influential components of mentoring function in a mentoring relationship of ROK army was demonstrated, and these research results could be highly supportive for a future research based on mentoring relationship.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.217-237
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• 2013

It seems that it is hard to find the idea of social welfare from Confucianism if we consider it as feudalism. However, there is plentiful source of philosophical anthropology and social philosophy in Confucianism. It is the matter of how we understand Confucianism. This paper tries to look over the misunderstandings of Confucianism, and find out its essence from the view of philosophical anthropology and social philosophy. We could elicit the philosophy of social welfare from the series of work. Confucianism contains the idea of communalism on a view of human being. It means that he is born to be communal, not individual. Therefore it regards individualism as a vice. This let us conjecture the fact that Confucianism has different philosophy of welfare from the western culture which is based on the individualism. It will make us reflect upon the problems caused by individualism nowadays. Confucianism concentrates on the spiritual welfare no less than material welfare. If we state the word "welfare" differently into "happiness", Confucianism regards that the real happiness comes from the spirit, not matter. The spirit aims to realize moral value such as love, righteousness, and courtesy. Therefore Confucianism's philosophy of welfare ideally aimed the society that morally harmonized among people. The ideal of family-minded society was what it tried to realize.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.139-148
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• 2023

This study was conducted through Google online survey from November 24 to November 26, 2021 targeting 276 students from the department of dental hygiene at a university in Gangwon-do. The purpose of this study was to investigate the infection awareness of uniforms, recognition of washing rules, and the intention to prevent infectious diseases through individualism and collectivist self-esteem. Statistical methods were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 24.0 and AMOS 21.0 as follows. For analysis, frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, structural equation, and ANOVA analysis were performed. As a result, it was confirmed that the models of uniform infection awareness, uniform washing rule recognition(p<.001), self-esteem, individualism, and collectivist intention to prevent infectious diseases were suitable(p<.001). Collectivism was found to affect the perception of uniform infection, the recognition of uniform washing rules, and the intention to prevent infectious diseases, confirming that self-esteem and collectivism had an effect on the change of perception for infection prevention. In the future, it will be possible to use the uniform washing method considering collectivism in infection control education of the dental hygiene.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.823-833
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• 2014

This study examines the lifestyle and gender effects of Chinese students in Korea on the Korean apparel brand experience. In addition, this study explores the effect of various brand experiences on attitudes toward Korean apparel brands. This study targets 355 Chinese university students who live in Korea. The results show that a Chinese students' lifestyle consists of four factors: adventure-seeking, sociability, individualism, and materialism. Brand experience consists of five different experiences: cognitive, affective, relational, sensory, and behavioral experience. Adventure-seeking lifestyle affects all five brand experiences and sociability influences sensory and relational experience. Individualism influences relational and behavioral experience; however, materialism affects four brand experiences (except sensory experience). Female students indicate a higher level of brand experience (except relational experience than) male students. Finally, three brand experiences (affective, sensory, and relational experience) impact brand attitude. Theoretical and managerial implications of the results are discussed along with limitations and future research directions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.63 no.8
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• pp.188-208
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• 2013

This study aims to find out factors of historical specialty and cultural ethnicity that influenced the formation of Spanish fashion as well as examine the characteristics of Spanish fashion by comparing its historical costumes, such as folk costume and court costume with contemporary fashion of major Spanish designers in the 20th century. Documental investigation and analysis of visual materials were used as research method. The study results are as follows: The major factors that affected the characteristics of Spanish fashion in the history include the geographical features, invasion of foreign nations, cultural heritage of various ethnic groups, strengthening of the national power, advancement of international trading through the newly developed routes, and influence of religions such as Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. Featuring the coexistence of variety and heterogeneity, the ethnicity reflected in the culture harmoniously embraces various spirits such as conflict and coexistence, individualism and collectivism or regionalism, and exclusion and tolerance of religions. In addition, the characteristics in the cultural phenomena include passion, sensuousness, individualism, sense of reality, sense of chic, and the people-centeredness. The basic Characteristics of Spanish fashion include the sensuality of excessive zeal, decorativeness of gorgeous handicrafts, exoticism of people-centered variety, extreme contrast of harmony, touching artistry of chic, and fantastic surrealistic wits.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.5-26
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• 2017

A cross-cultural comparison of social networking structure on McDonald's Facebook fan sites between Taiwan and the USA was conducted utilizing the individualism/collectivism dimension proposed by Hofstede. Four network indicators are used to describe the network structure of McDonald's Facebook fan sites: size, density, clique and centralization. Individuals who post on both Facebook sites for the year of 2012 were considered as network participants for the purpose of the study. Due to the huge amount of data, only one thread of postings was sampled from each month of the year of 2012. The final data consists of 1002 postings written by 896 individuals and 5962 postings written by 5532 individuals from Taiwan and the USA respectively. The results indicated that the USA McDonald's Facebook fan network has more fans, while Taiwan's McDonald's Facebook fan network is more densely connected. Cliques did form among the overall multiplex and within the individual uniplex networks in two countries, yet no significant differences were found between them. All the fan networks in both countries are relatively centralized, mostly on the site operators.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.299-324
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• 2012

After social service voucher schemes were introduced in Korea, many controversies have been concentrated on market-based approach, which encourage competition and choice while amount of funding, number of providers, and types of services have been rapidly expanded. This also could mean that transform of social service paradigm from provider-centered approach to user-cantered approach, one of the trends found internationally. Therefore, this is the study to reveal development of social service discourses in Britain where various models of social services have been attempted in their modern history. Then, through the historical analysis, the trends toward more user-cantered approach were found to be distinguished based on the division of individualism and collectivism. This could provide theocratical implication to the current discussion on social services in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.9_10 s.157
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• pp.1434-1444
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of reference group on the adolescents' behavior of fashion brand conformity. As for the method of the research, questionnaires were given to 672 students of middle school and high school. The results of this study were as follows: First, the differences between disposition of general conformity and behavior of fashion brand conformity were found to be meaningful in the dimensions of reference groups and their influences. Second, the classification between stage of brand consideration and stage of brand choice was found to be significant in the two-stage model of brand choice. Finally, the subjective individualism and the behavior of brand conformity were significantly correlated and the mass media stars & the identificational influence were the most powerful factors to explain the behavior of fashion brand conformity for the adolescents.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.39-49
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• 2014

Purpose - This study classified consumers' value inclination to find out ways to enhance consumers' eco-friendly product purchase intention. Further, it verified the differences among eco-friendly product purchase intentions depending upon value inclination. Research design, data, and methodology - The structured model and hypotheses were established, and 202 copies of effective questionnaires were used. In order to verify the hypotheses, we used single regression analysis, multiple regression, 3-step mediating regression, and path analysis. Results - Individualism had a positive influence upon materialism, need for uniqueness, and face wants, and collectivism had a positive influence upon materialism only. Factors of self-expressive consumption inclination had a positive influence upon eco-friendly product purchase intention, and factors of value inclination also had a positive influence. Finally, self-expressive consumption inclination mediated between value inclination and eco-friendly product purchase intention. Conclusion - Consumers with individualism inclination felt the need to connect the ownership of an eco-friendly product with their extended self and, further, it was clear that not only the government but also enterprises should build up their public image regarding eco-friendly products.