• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.15-29
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• 2013

Shopping is considered a 'must-do' activity for most people on travel. One of the major parts of tourist shopping is the purchasing of souvenirs. Souvenirs are universally associated with tourism as a commercially produced and purchased object to remind the purchaser of the experience. Recently, Korea becomes one of the most popular destinations that many Asian tourists like to visit. Among those Asian tourists, the number of Thai tourists bound for Korea shows an incredible rapid growth. Thai people pick Korea and Seoul as their favorite country and city to visit for three consecutive years since 2009. One of the major reasons why Thais are choosing to tour Korea is the enthusiasm for Korean pop culture. That is, 'Hallyu' has influenced Thais' decision to visit Korea and purchase Korean products. The primary objective of the current research is to explore the shopping experiences of Thai tourists, specifically their souvenir shopping. It adopts a reflexive interpretive approach to bring light to the various meanings Thai tourists attach to the souvenirs they purchase in Korea. In order to accomplish the objective, the individual interviews were conducted. A total of 12 Thais who have experienced traveling in Korea participated in the study. Four themes were identified through interview text analysis. First, the research participants almost always purchase souvenirs in Korea because the souvenirs represent their identities as tourists. Especially, they purchase the souvenirs as gifts for others, including family members, friends, and colleagues. The souvenirs as gifts show love and thanks to others, and they cement the social relationship. However, purchasing souvenirs for others is more like the moral obligations which evoke the psychological stress. Secondly, the research participants feel closer to Korea while shopping souvenirs around. Thirdly, they obtain imaginative experiences and pleasure through souvenirs related to the Korean pop culture. Souvenirs provide them to visually extraordinary experiences. Lastly, souvenirs purchased in Korea act as visible status marker when they go back to Thailand. They show the socioeconomic status and lifestyles. Tourists themselves and others place special value to souvenirs that were purchased out of Thailand. The findings of this study are of both academic and practical importance. Souvenirs are among the most pervasive elements of the travel experience. However, souvenir shopping is the complicated consumer behavior within tourism both from business and social science perspectives. Along the same line, it needs strategic approaches in order to maximize the economy effects. It concludes by suggesting how further research could offer unique insights into how the souvenirs are positioned both in the context of tourism academics and industry.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 2018

Recently, attempts have been made by dairy farms to shorten the time until the first estrus by feeding animals a high-energy diet during the heifer period. Energy consumption during the heifer period has been shown to be related to milk yield and reproductive performance. The present study was conducted to analyze the relationship between reproductive performance and energy intake in heifers. There were no differences in height or body weight between animals that were fed the Korean standard diet versus a high energy diet (110% of the Korean standard). However, there was a difference in the timing of the first estrus: 329.3 days under normal energy conditions versus 311 days under high energy conditions. There was no difference in the number of artificial insemination per gestation, but both the rate of female calf production and the weight of individual female calves increased in response to the high energy diet. Based on these results, it may be predicted that the reproductive performance of dairy cows will increase when the animals are fed a high energy diet (110% of the Korean standard). These results demonstrate a correlation between the amount of energy consumed and reproductive performance, and will be of great value to the dairy farming industry.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.81-104
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• 2023

This study is a case study in which collection performance evaluation was attempted using key performance indicators presented by EBSM or collectionHQ, taking three public libraries located in Geumjeong-gu, Busan as examples. Focusing on the collection performance evaluation, which evaluates the performance of the collection, not only the evaluation of individual libraries, but also the differences in the evaluation results of libraries were reviewed. The key performance indicators used are grubby items, dead items, popular author provision, popular subject provision, overstocked subject areas and understocked subject areas. The main analysis results are as follows. First, in the evaluation of the grubby items, the ratio of grubby items out of all items in all three libraries was low. Second, in the case of all dead items, the ratio was high in all three libraries, It exceeded the base value suggested by collectionHQ. Third, the Top 10 popular authors were identified, and there were differences among libraries. Fourth, in the evaluation of provision of popular subject areas, all three libraries had almost no popular subject areas. Fifth, in the evaluation of overstocked subject areas, there was no overstock at Geumsaem Library, but many at Geumjeong Library and Seodong Library. Sixth, in the subject area evaluation of understocked inventory, only Geumsaem Library showed a lack of inventory.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.275-290
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• 2023

We aimed to revise and supplement the art therapy kit based on the findings of a review of women's experiences participating in the art therapy kit in the 2030s. After women in their 2030s experienced the developed art therapy kit for one month, we organized two homogeneous groups of 8 art psychotherapy majors and 5 non-majors to collect data through focus group interviews and analyzed them using grounded theory methods. In the end, 100 converted meaning units, 16 subcomponents, and 5 components were derived. There is a lack of research on the development and experience of art or art therapy-based kits in Korea, so it is important for us to provide basic data on the experience of art therapy kits. In addition, the study participants experienced insights into themselves and their emotions based on the accumulated art therapy kit outputs through immersion in emotion exploration and recognition, and these experiences led to the participants' recognition of the need and value of developing art therapy kits. The individual and unique outcomes of the art therapy kits became evidence of self-awareness, confirming the therapeutic effectiveness of art therapy kits as a tool for emotion exploration and recognition and for emotional change and resolution.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.113-136
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• 2023

Purpose - Global production chains and their impacts on economic growth have drawn extensive attention from researchers. Close relationships among global production chains, export and economic growth have been illuminated, as evidenced by the fast and stable economic growth of East Asian economies. These economies perform various roles within global production chains using offshoring, in which the impact of import on domestic gross output is as strong as that of export. The impact of import on economic growth would depend on whether imported inputs substitute or complement domestic inputs production, which is likely to vary according to individual countries' functions within global production chains. The economic growth of concerned countries would also be diverse. However, little attention has been paid to the impact brought by imports compared to its significance. Design/methodology - The principal methodology used in this paper is structural decomposition analysis (SDA), widely chosen to elucidate the impact of various factors on domestic gross output using input-output tables. This paper extracts trade data of six Asian economies from the World Input-Output Database (WIOD) 2016 release that covers 43 countries for the period 2000-2014. The extracted data is then categorised into 37 sectors. First, this paper calculates the Feenstra-Hanson Offshoring Index (OSI) of each country. It then applies SDA to measure the changes in each economy's gross output, export, import input coefficients, and domestic input coefficients. Finally, after taking the first difference from pooled time-series data, it estimates the correlations between imported input coefficients and OSI using the ordinary least square (OLS) method. Findings - The main findings of this paper can be summarised as follows. Firstly, all six countries have increasingly engaged in global production chains, as evidenced by the growing size of OSI. Secondly, there are negative correlations in five countries except Japan, with sectoral differences. Thirdly, changes in import input coefficients are not negative in all six countries, indicating that offshoring does not necessarily substitute for domestic inputs production but does complement it and, therefore, fosters their economic growth. This is observed in China, Indonesia, Korea and Taiwan. Offshoring has led to an increase in the use of imported inputs, which has, in turn, stimulated domestic inputs production in these countries. Originality/value - While existing studies focus on the role of export in evaluating the impact of participating global production chains, this paper explicitly examines the unexplored impact of import on domestic gross output by considering both the substitution and the complementary effect, using the WIOD. The findings of this paper suggest that Asian economies have achieved fast and stable economic growth not only through successful export management but also through effective import management within global production chains. This paper recommends that the Korean government and enterprises carefully choose offshoring strategies to minimise disruption to domestic production chains or foster them.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.617-636
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• 2023

The goal of this study was to explain the phenomenon of making efforts to overcome the need-reality collision as a cultural characteristic of Koreans. Specifically, we examined whether the behavior varies depending on the degree of relational agency in the situation where conflicts between one's needs and reality have occurred. To this end, a total of 217 participants participated in the online experiment, and the data of 156 participants were finally analyzed. After responding to the relational agency scale, the participants were exposed to a decision-making scenario in which conflicting factors existed. The scenario were about buying a house and making a wedding hall contract, and in each scenario, two important values were set to conflict with each other in the market. Participants read the scenario and entered the level they wanted for each value. After that, they encounter a situation in which he or she has not found the candidate site corresponding to the level he or she wants. Then, the participants responded to their willingness to make additional efforts themselves. As a result of the study, the degree of relational agency of the participants showed a positive relationship with the degree of additional effort. In addition, the degree of the desired level beyond the reality (expectancy discrepancy) showed a nonlinear (reverse U-shape) influence on the additional effort while controlling for individual difference. Furthermore, the interaction effect between relational agency and expectancy discrepancy was significant. Specifically, individuals with low agency did not have a significant relationship between the degree of expectancy discrepancy and the dependent variable, but individuals with high relational agency had a significant non-linear relationship between the degree of expectancy discrepancy and the dependent variable. Based on the results of the study, the role and function of Koreans' psychological characteristics (relational agency) in the scene of managing needs-reality collision were discussed.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.19-37
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• 2023

This study empirically analyzed the determinants of the assessment ratio (hereinafter 'AR') based on a total of 2,129 sales cases of forests in Gwangju, Gyeonggi-do. The main findings of this study through multiple regression analysis are summarized as follows. First, this study shows that regional characteristics have significantly different effects on the AR of forest land prices. Specifically, there was a significant difference in the AR depending on the location of the parcel by sub-region and the ratio of residential area, and the higher the number of development plans in progress, the more likely the officially assessed land price will be formed close to the sale price. Second, this study analyzed that location characteristics such as the proximity of the inner and outer center of the jurisdiction and traffic accessibility had a significant influence on the determination of the AR. Third, this study identified significant differences in AR depending on detailed factors such as planning management areas, production management areas, conservation areas for mountain, conservation areas for nature, and restricted development areas as land use and regulatory characteristics of forest lands. Fourth, this study found that land characteristics are a significant factor influencing the AR as an individual factor in forest land.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1-25
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• 2017

Despite high uncertainty on financial return, firms have continuously increased their investment on technologies because they recognize the potential value of technology investment in terms of enhancing operational efficiency and sustaining competitive advantage. Notably, an individual technology investment pattern or strategy within an industry may ultimately lead to significant differences in business performance. Hence, we first categorized technology investment into traditional research and development investment and information technology investment. Afterward, we examined the effects of each pattern with combination of the two types of technology investment on business performance according to firm size and position in the supply chain through fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. Data collected from 562 manufacturing firms in Korea were used in the analysis. Results showed that large-sized firms were slightly affected with microscopic patterns in their technology investments, whereas small firms were highly affected with their technology investment patterns and their positions in the supply chain. The findings implied that a small enterprise requires an appropriate technology investment strategy to achieve successful business outcomes.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.27-46
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• 2023

This study examines the possibility of applying Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measures (OECMs) to natural heritage sites that are not designated as protected areas for the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP). Firstly, the study investigated the ecological and cultural characteristics associated with a natural heritage site, specifically the natural monument known as Dangsanmok, and synthesized the collected information to assess its conservation value. Subsequently, the study examined the possibility of designating Dangsanmok as an OECM that reflects local communities through the criteria of the IUCN's individual assessment tools. The research findings indicate that Dangsanmok and the associated Dangsanje system are positively evaluated as potential OECMs. Additionally, initiatives such as the "Dangsan Tree Grandfather Program" and the "National Heritage Folk Event Grant Program," implemented by the Cultural Heritage Administration, are seen to have a positive impact on engaging local communities voluntarily. Consequently, based on these results, it is expected that natural heritage sites like Dangsanmok, serving as national indicators, will contribute to the 2030 goals for biodiversity conservation and the 2050 goals for harmonious coexistence with nature as part of NBSAPs.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.75-91
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• 2023

Thanks to information technologies, sharing economy services offer a new way of consumption. Carsharing appeared as a novel type of service that transformed the conventional way of personal transportation, from owning a vehicle to using an on-demand service. Allowing users to use a vehicle without owning a car, carsharing provides various social benefits such as the reduction of resource allocation inefficiencies and the alleviation of transportation problems. To strengthen such positive aspects of carsharing service, it is essential to understand an individual's service usage pattern and reveal factors that affect users' reuse behavior. This study investigates the factors that have an influence on carsharing reuse of users applying RFMC (Recency, Frequency, Monetary, and Clumpiness) model, the popular model for understanding the reuse likelihood of customers. Using data from a leading carsharing service provider in South Korea, we empirically analyze the effect of RFMC on carsharing reuse behavior. The findings show that recency and monetary values are negatively related to reuse while frequency is positively related to carsharing service reuse. Moreover, the impact of recency and monetary value are more salient whereas the impact of frequency is smaller among users with higher clumpiness. Based on these findings, this study elaborates on theoretical and practical implications.