• Title/Summary/Keyword: individual structure

Search Result 1,760, Processing Time 0.036 seconds

An Analysis of the Interdependent structure among disciplines of University Researches (대학연구의 분야간 상호의존성에 관한 연구)

  • 송충한
    • Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
    • /
    • 2000.05a
    • /
    • pp.141-153
    • /
    • 2000
  • Interdisciplinary research is one of the well-known key words represent the 21st century As in the developed countries, interdisciplinary research is a pervasive phenomenon in Korea. This paper intends to clear up the interdependent structure among disciplines of university researches. First, 39.9% of individual and 59.8% of collaborative research projects of university researches are interdisciplinary. Second, the interdependency among disciplines of collaborative research is more severe than that of individual research. Third, The interdependency among disciplines indicates tile importance of the balanced development in all science and engineering fields.

  • PDF

A Structure and Framework for Sign Language Interaction

  • Kim, Soyoung;Pan, Younghwan
    • Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
    • /
    • v.34 no.5
    • /
    • pp.411-426
    • /
    • 2015
  • Objective: The goal of this thesis is to design the interaction structure and framework of system to recognize sign language. Background: The sign language of meaningful individual gestures is combined to construct a sentence, so it is difficult to interpret and recognize the meaning of hand gesture for system, because of the sequence of continuous gestures. This being so, in order to interpret the meaning of individual gesture correctly, the interaction structure and framework are needed so that they can segment the indication of individual gesture. Method: We analyze 700 sign language words to structuralize the sign language gesture interaction. First of all, we analyze the transformational patterns of the hand gesture. Second, we analyze the movement of the transformational patterns of the hand gesture. Third, we analyze the type of other gestures except hands. Based on this, we design a framework for sign language interaction. Results: We elicited 8 patterns of hand gesture on the basis of the fact on whether the gesture has a change from starting point to ending point. And then, we analyzed the hand movement based on 3 elements: patterns of movement, direction, and whether hand movement is repeating or not. Moreover, we defined 11 movements of other gestures except hands and classified 8 types of interaction. The framework for sign language interaction, which was designed based on this mentioned above, applies to more than 700 individual gestures of the sign language, and can be classified as an individual gesture in spite of situation which has continuous gestures. Conclusion: This study has structuralized in 3 aspects defined to analyze the transformational patterns of the starting point and the ending point of hand shape, hand movement, and other gestures except hands for sign language interaction. Based on this, we designed the framework that can recognize the individual gestures and interpret the meaning more accurately, when meaningful individual gesture is input sequence of continuous gestures. Application: When we develop the system of sign language recognition, we can apply interaction framework to it. Structuralized gesture can be used for using database of sign language, inventing an automatic recognition system, and studying on the action gestures in other areas.

A Study on the Development of Performance Based Fire Risk Assesment Program (FDS를 활용한 성능위주 화재위험성평가 프로그램개발에 관한 연구)

  • Rie, Dong-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
    • /
    • v.23 no.5
    • /
    • pp.1-6
    • /
    • 2008
  • `SOS', Simulator Of Safety assessment for fire, was developed to simulate fire safety assessment for a structure which is geometrically complex. The program(SOS) is intended to use for searching as well as designing tools to analyse the evacuation safety through a wide range of structure conditions. The computer program has a function which importing FDS's calculating results to each individual resident in the structure. These attributes include a walking speed reduction by producing visibility reduction for each person on the fire. $A^*$ pathfinding algorithm is adopted to calculate the simulation of escape movement, overtaking, route deviation, and adjustments individual speeds in accordance with the proximity of crowd members. This SOS program contributes to a computer package that evaluates the fire safety assessment of individual occupants as they walk towards, and through the exits especially for building, underground spaces like a subway or tunnel.

Comparison of Document Clustering algorithm using Genetic Algorithms by Individual Structures (개체 구조에 따른 유전자 알고리즘 기반의 문서 클러스터링 성능 비교)

  • Choi, Lim-Cheon;Song, Wei;Park, Soon-Cheol
    • Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
    • /
    • v.16 no.3
    • /
    • pp.47-56
    • /
    • 2011
  • To apply Genetic algorithm toward document clustering, appropriate individual structure is required. Document clustering with the genetic algorithms (DCGA) uses the centroid vector type individual structure. New document clustering with the genetic algorithm (NDAGA) uses document allocated individual structure. In this paper, to find more suitable object structure and process for the document clustering, calculation, amount of calculation, run-time, and performance difference between the two methods were analyzed. In this paper, we have performed various experiments using both DCGA and NDCGA. Result of the experiment shows that compared to DCGA, NDCGA provided 15% faster execution time, about 5~10% better performance. This proves that the document allocated structure is more fitted than the centroid vector type structure when it comes to document clustering. In addition, NDCGA showed 15~25% better performance than the traditional clustering algorithms (K-means, Group Average).

Association between family structure and food group intake in children

  • Baek, Youn Joo;Paik, Hee Young;Shim, Jae Eun
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
    • /
    • v.8 no.4
    • /
    • pp.463-468
    • /
    • 2014
  • BACKGROUNDS/OBJECTOVES: Family has an impact on dietary intake of children as a proximal food environment and family structures are changing and becoming more diverse. This study was performed to identify the association between family structure and food group intake of children aged 3-18 years in Korea. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 3,217 children with complete data on variables for household information, dietary intake and sampling weights were obtained from 2010-2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Children's family structure was classified into 3 groups (Living with both parents, Living with one parent and Living without parents). To evaluate children's food group intake, scores of individual food groups ('Grains', 'Meat, Fish, Eggs and Beans', 'Vegetables', 'Fruits' and 'Milk and Dairy products') was calculated from percent adherence to the recommended servings of the Korean Food Guidance System (KFGS). 'Food group mean score' was obtained by calculating the average of five food group scores. RESULTS: After adjusting for age, sex, number of family members, and household income, children living with both parents had higher scores in 'Fruits' (P < 0.01), 'Milk and Dairy products' (P < 0.05), and mean score of individual food group score (P < 0.001) compared to children living with one parent. Individual food group scores and mean scores of individual food group scores were associated with different socio-demographic factors in study children. Family structure was associated with 'Fruits,' 'Milk and Dairy products' score and mean scores of food group scores. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that different approach might be required to solve nutrition problem in children depending on their family structure and other socio-demographic factors.

Climate Change and Individual Life History (기후변화와 개체의 생활사)

  • Lee, Who-Seung
    • Ocean and Polar Research
    • /
    • v.34 no.3
    • /
    • pp.275-286
    • /
    • 2012
  • Over the last 20 years there have been more than 3000 peer-reviewed papers relating to climate change and biodiversity published, and still the numbers are increasing. However, most studies focused on the impacts of climate change at population or community levels, and the results invariably reveal that there has been, or will be, a negative effect on the structure and pattern of biodiversity. Moreover, the climate change models and statistical analyses used to test the impacts are only newly developed, and the analyses or predictions can often be misled. In this review, I ask why an individual's life history is considered in the study how climate change affects biodiversity, and what ecological factors are impacted by climate change. Using evidence from a range of species, I demonstrate that diverse life history traits, such as early growth rate, migration/foraging behaviour and lifespan, can be shifted by climate change at individual level. Particularly I discuss that the optimal decision under unknown circumstance (climate change) would be the reduction of the ecological fitness at individual level, and hence, a shift in the balance of the ecosystem could be affected without having a critical impact on any one species. To conclude, I summarize the links between climate changes, ecological decision in life history, the revised consequence at individual level, and discuss how the finely-balanced relationship affects biodiversity and population structure.

The Effects of Reward Structure in Cooperative Learning Strategies Applied to Elementary School Science Class (초등학교 과학 수업에 적용한 협동학습 전략에서 보상구조의 효과)

  • 고한중;홍선희;강석진;노태희
    • Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
    • /
    • v.21 no.1
    • /
    • pp.127-134
    • /
    • 2002
  • Although the reward based on group accomplishment in cooperative learning has a merit to emphasize interdependency, it may have some undesirable side effects such as free rider effect and sucker effect. For the purpose of reducing these side effects, this study examined how the adjustment of the reward structure affected the scholastic achievement, the perception of learning environments, and the attitude toward science class by adding individual reward to group reward. We selected 2 classes of sixth grade in an elementary school, and taught on oxygen and carbon dioxide for 13 class hours in cooperative learning strategies. Group reward was applied to one class, and both group and individual rewards were applied to the other class. Analysis of the results indicated that the achievement scores of the students under the group and individual rewards were significantly higher than those under the group reward. In addition, they had more difficulty in science class and felt less satisfied. The upper level students under the group and individual rewards were also found to exhibit more competition. Educational implications were discussed.

  • PDF

Exploring Influence of Network Structure, Organizational Learning Culture, and Knowledge Management Participation on Individual Creativity and Performance: Comparison of SI Proposal Team and R&D Team (네트워크 구조와 조직학습문화, 지식경영참여가 개인창의성 및 성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 실증분석: SI제안팀과 R&D팀의 비교연구)

  • Lee, Kun-Chang;Seo, Young-Wook;Chae, Seong-Wook;Song, Seok-Woo
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
    • /
    • v.20 no.4
    • /
    • pp.101-123
    • /
    • 2010
  • Recently, firms are operating a number of teams to accomplish organizational performance. Especially, ad hoc teams like proposal preparation team are quite different from permanent teams like R&D team in the sense of how the team forms network structure and deals with organizational learning culture and knowledge management participation efforts. Moreover, depending on the team characteristics, individual creativity will differ from each other, which will lead to organizational performance eventually. Previous studies in the field of creativity are lacking in this issue. So main objectives of this study are organized as follows. First, the issue of how to improve individual creativity and organizational performance will be analyzed empirically. This issue will be performed depending on team characteristics such as ad hoc team and permanent team. Antecedents adopted for this research objective are cultural and knowledge factors such as organizational learning culture, and knowledge management participation. Second, the network structure such as degree centrality, and structural hole is used to analyze its influence on individual creativity and organizational performance. SI (System Integration) companies are facing severely tough requirements from clients to submit very creative proposals. Also, R&D teams are widely accepted as relatively creative teams because their responsibilities are focused on suggesting innovative techniques to make their companies remain competitive in the market. SI teams are usually ad hoc, while R&D teams are permanent on an average. By taking advantage of these characteristics of the two kinds of teams, we will prove the validity of the proposed research questions. To obtain the survey data, we accessed 7 SI teams (74 members), and 6 R&D teams (63 members), collecting 137 valid questionnaires. PLS technique was applied to analyze the survey data. Results are as follows. First, in case of SI teams, organizational learning culture affects individual creativity significantly. Meanwhile, knowledge management participation has a significant influence on Individual creativity for the permanent teams. Second, degree centrality Influences individual creativity significantly in case of SI teams. This is comparable with the fact that structural hole has a significant impact on individual creativity for the R&D teams. Practical implications can be summarized as follows: First, network structure of ad hoc team should be designed differently from one of permanent team. Ad hoc team is supposed to show a high creativity in a rather short period, implying that network density among team members should be improved, and those members with high degree centrality should be encouraged to show their Individual creativity and take a leading role by allowing them to get heavily engaged in knowledge sharing and diffusion. In contrast, permanent team should be designed to take advantage of structural hole instead of focusing on network density. Since structural hole can be utilized very effectively in the permanent team, strong arbitrators' merits in the permanent team will increase and therefore helps increase both network efficiency and effectiveness too. In this way, individual creativity in the permanent team is likely to lead to organizational creativity in a seamless way. Second, way of Increasing individual creativity should be sought from the perspective of organizational culture and knowledge management. Organization is supposed to provide a cultural atmosphere in which Innovative idea suggestions and active discussion among team members are encouraged. In this way, trust builds up among team members, facilitating the formation of organizational learning culture. Third, in the ad hoc team, organizational looming culture should be built such a way that individual creativity can grow up fast in a rather short period. Since time is tight, reasonable compensation policy, leader's Initiatives, and learning culture formation should be done In a short period so that mutual trust is built among members quickly, and necessary knowledge and information can be learnt rapidly. Fourth, in the permanent team, it should be kept in mind that the degree of participation in knowledge management determines level of Individual creativity. Therefore, the team ought to facilitate knowledge circulation process such as knowledge creation, storage, sharing, utilization, and learning among team members, which will lead to team performance. In this way, firms must control knowledge networks in permanent team and ad hoc team in a way mentioned above so that individual creativity as well as team performance can be maximized.

Individual verification method by PPG measurement (PPG 측정에 의한 개인 인증 방법)

  • Kim, Sheen-Ja;Lee, Young-Woo
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
    • /
    • v.12 no.11
    • /
    • pp.2057-2061
    • /
    • 2008
  • Individual heartbeat has specific character by a condition of heart, structure, age, and so forth. On this paper, We propose that individual verification method using specific character of heartbeat. This character are obtained by measure PPG(Photo Plethysmogram) using LD and PD.

ALE-Based FSI Simulation of Solid Propellant Rocket Interior (ALE 기반의 고체 로켓 내부 유체-구조 연계 해석)

  • Han, Sang-Ho;Choi, H.S.;Min, D.H.;Kim, C.;Hwang, Chan-Gyu
    • 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 2008.03b
    • /
    • pp.510-513
    • /
    • 2008
  • The traditional computational fluid or structure dynamics analysis approaches have contributed to solve many delicate engineering problems. But for the most of recent engineering problems which are influenced by fluid-structure interaction effect strongly, traditional individual approaches have limited analysis abilities for the exact simulation. Owing to above-mentioned reason, nowadays fluid-structure interaction analysis has become a matter of concern and interest. FSI analysis require several unprecedented techniques for the combining individual analysis tool into integrated analysis tool. The Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian(ALE, in short) method is the new description of continum motion,which combines the advantages of the classical kinematical descriptions, i.e. Lagrangian and Eulerian description, while minimizing their respective drawbacks. In this paper, the ALE description is adapted to simulate fluid-structure interaction problems. An automatic re-mesh algorithm and a fluid-structure coupling process are included to analyze the interaction and moving motion during the 2-D axisymmetric solid rocket interior FSI phenomena simulation.

  • PDF