• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.21-40
• /
• 2002

The aim of this interdisciplinary study is to understand the relationship between the social behavior patterns and space elements, specially micro-housing sociological point of view. It analyzed korean typical floorplans in the apartment housing, focused on the 4-criteria contact or isolation between the individual persons, communication between the generations, hierarchy of the gender and socialization with neighbourhood. It determinate concrete space elements involved correspondent factors with users' social behavior. By reviewing those factors found, it is suggested also the planning concept, that response users' social orientation. As the practical alternatives, some prototypes have been developed not only for improvement of housing plans, but also for resonable housing supply and sustainable usage.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 1991

Process of thinking on the form in product design includes the process in which unclear requirements are transformed into defined concepts, and the process in which the design as a form conforming to the concepts in conc1uded.(The former is called fconceptualizationJ which deals with abstract matters, and the latter "manipulation of the formJ which deals with more embodied matters) In conceptualization process the operation which transform the diverse requirements in the initial phase of de\ulcornersign to related linguistic expressions or to an image that directly suggests the form is executed. In the process of manipulation of the form the transformation to design as the description of relationships between the formal elements of the design solution resulted from the transformed requirements. It is the job of selecting the most suitable formal elements, balancing the relationships between them, out 01 the possibilities that reside in the individual attributes of formal elements, and finally leading to the design as the end solution. This writing focuses down to the wilfulness and ambiguity of design, and the diversity of design solution after the requirements, formal elements, and the process of relating the formal attributes to each other is built up the two phases.ases.

• Educational Technology International
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.25-41
• /
• 2010

Challenges brought by applications of advanced technologies in education call for new approaches that can best ensure the provision of quality e-learning experiences. This paper presents an ecological approach as one of such approaches to quality assurance in e-learning that can monitor, assess and improve the effectiveness and the links between the various elements of e-learning. The ecological model for QA in e-learning emphasizes interrelation transactions between elements (e.g. providers, learners, cultures and policies) and systemic integration of those elements, and stresses that all these elements within a QA system play an equal role in maintaining balance of the whole. The model focuses attention both on individual and societal/cultural environmental factors as cornerstones for QA efforts in e-learning. It addresses the importance of QA efforts directed at changing QA transactions from provider-centered to 'all stakeholder-oriented', from one-size-fits-all model to 'globally oriented, locally adaptive model' and from control framework to 'culture creation framework'.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.259-266
• /
• 2023

The demand for rare-earth elements (REEs) is increasing owing to their significance as prominent materials in electronics, high-tech industries, geological research, nuclear forensics, and environmental monitoring. In general, the utilization of REEs in various applications requires the use of chromatographic techniques to separate individual elements. However, REEs have similar physicochemical properties, which makes them difficult to separate. Recently, several studies have examined the separation of REEs using LN resin as the stationary phase and aqueous nitric acid and hydrochloric acid solutions as eluents. Using this method, light REEs have been separated using dilute acid solutions as the eluent, whereas heavy REEs are separated using solutions with high acid concentrations. To increase the separation resolution between different REEs, either the column length or resin size is changed. In addition, the suggested methods are implemented to decrease the analysis time. This review presents technical information on the chromatographic separation of REEs using the LN resin and discusses the optimal experimental conditions.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.112-122
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study is to provide fundamental data that can improve added value of commercial space strategically using the identification of relationship between the process of consumers' purchasing psychology (AIDMA : Attention, Interest, Desire, Memory, Action) and elements of interior design. For this purpose, case study and survey were carried out on food and beverage spaces, where they were doing business for more than two years, were selected from the ones appeared in the interior journal "A." Based on the study, basic details including a ground plan, design summary and representative image were identified through preliminary research, and a researcher visited the target spaces and carried out a research and analysis on interior design elements. Three spaces among targets of the case study were selected to identify the relation between design elements and AIDMA items which consumers feel, and the survey was conducted on the customers of the selected food and beverage spaces. Results of the case study on the 18 food and beverage spaces showed that features of the each of AIDMA items in material and color elements were most well expressed. As a result of survey conducted on visitors of each food and beverage space, features of each item were expressed in overall design elements. In particular, space elements and color elements in "Space 1," space elements and lighting elements in "Space 2" and space elements, furniture & objet elements in "Space 3" were most well expressed in each space. There were slight differences depending on individual characteristics such as design concept, location and business operation of target food and beverage spaces but attributes of AIDMA items were remarkably recognized in common in the space elements.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.52 no.5
• /
• pp.79-89
• /
• 2002

We can see various cultural elements appeared in modern fashion, of which Korean traditional cultural elements are being reinterpreted in many different ways. This study is to analyse on the basis of togetherness concept Korean traditional elements, which have been considered difficult to interpret by postmodernism and find the ways how to carry on our traditional culture practically in order to prepare the foundation for globalization of our tradition. Togetherness means 'with' or 'simultaneously', which also conveys the meaning of common cause and result, addition and annex, opposition and juxtaposition, or accumulation and integration. Characteristics of the togetherness appeared in Korean fashion are as follows. First of all, it shows the aspect of mixing and integration of different cultural fashion elements around the globe, which have been made possible in the course of globalization and development of information technology. The second characteristic is crossing and synchronization, which means that many different individual fashion elements in terms of time and space are being crossed over and integrated these days. Thirdly, continuation meaning 'without cease' and 'keep going' shows that togetherness is to create a whole new fashion trend by mixing postmodern revivalism and past clothing elements. Togetherness makes it possible for us to find reasons why tradition aspects are expressed so vividly in the modern clothing, gives us a standard to classify the reasons, establishes an identity and offers theoretical background for globalization of traditional clothing in the course of modernization of our tradition.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.7-15
• /
• 2013

Aerosol characterization study for individual particle in Busan metropolitan industrial complex was carried out from December 2010 to August 2011. SEM(scanning electron microscope)-EDX(energy dispersive x-ray) analysis was used for the analysis of 600 single particles during the sampling periods to identify non-metallic aerosol particle sources. Average $PM_{10}$ concentration was 65.5 ${\mu}g/m^3$ in summer, 104.1 ${\mu}g/m^3$ in winter during the sample periods. And Average $PM_{2.5}$ concentration was 24.5 ${\mu}g/m^3$ in summer, 64.5 ${\mu}g/m^3$ in winter individually. Particle density, enrichment factor, correlation analysis, principle component analysis were performed based on chemical composition data. Particle density distribution was measured to 2~4 $g/cm^3$, and the density of $PM_{2.5}$ was measured above 3 $g/cm^3$. In general, the elements Si, Ca, Fe and Al concentrations were higher in all samples of individual particles. The non-ferrous elements Zn, Br, Pb, Cu concentrations were higher in summer than in winter. The concentrations were not changed with the seasons because of non-ferrous industry emission pattern.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.351-360
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this research is to suggest directions for urban planning and policies for the creation of a happy urban environment. To achieve this objective, this study extracted the urban environment characteristic elements that were expected to affect the levels of individual happiness and empirically analyzed the factors that affect the happiness levels of people. To determine the elements of the urban environment, this research analyzed the variables, urban environment characteristics, such as physical environment, natural environment, social environment, and individual characteristics. Regarding the physical environment of the city, a lower population density and a higher level of walking environment satisfaction showed a high level of individual happiness. In terms of the natural environment of the city, more spacious park areas and higher green area satisfaction showed a high level of individual happiness. Finally, regarding the social environment of the city, social trust was found to affect the happiness levels.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.196-203
• /
• 2011

The main aim of this study is to establish methods of morphological preservation and elemental quantification for individual snow crystals. Individual snow crystals were collected at a height of 20 m above ground level. To stabilize and preserve the original morphologies of the snow crystals, cyanoacrylate, which has been used to fix liquid droplets, was applied (Kasahara et al., 2000). Several different kinds of snow crystals (dendrite, sectored plate, quasi-sectored plate, and hexagonal plate) were successively stabilized using this method. The stabilized snow crystals were pretreated with acetone, and then the elemental components contained in a whole snow crystal were quantified with the Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) analytical technique. The snow crystal residual composition determined in the present study was dominated by sulfur and mineral components, and the elemental mass showed an apparent crystal size dependence, where the elemental mass gradually decreased as the crystal size increased.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.565-572
• /
• 2000

To quantitatively estimate mass contribution of long-range transported yellow sand, their sources should be separated independently from various local soil sources having similar elemental compositions. While it is difficult to estimate total mass loadings of pure yellow sand by traditional bulk analysis, it can be clearly solved by an particle-by-particle analysis. To perform this study, two yellow sand samples and three local soil samples were collected by a mini-volume sampler. These samples were three analyzed using a scanning electron microscope(SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive x-ray analyser (EDX) was used to obtain basic chemical information of individual yellow san particles. A total of 19 elements in a single particle were measured to develop a source profile with newly created homogeneous particle classes (HPCs) as chemical variables. The present study showed that the yellow sand samples as well as three local soil samples were characterized with reasonably well created HPCs. Finally the mass fraction of each HPC in each sample was calculated and then compared each other.