• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제37권7호통권362호
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• pp.530-535
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• 1999

Detailed finishing of the occlusion is a clinical skill that has become difficult with the development of fixed appliances. Accuracy of bracket placement definitely improves with indirect technique, Several methods for the placement of orthodontic brackets on dental casts are currently used in the indirect bonding technique. These include attachment by means of bonding resins, adhesive tapes or sticky wax. This article presents the indirect procedures of our clinic, which use paste-paste chemically cured composites. Detailed laboratory and clinical procedure for dual tray method and other application of indirect bonding will be presented.

• 한국정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보시스템학회 1996년도 추계학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.217-227
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• 1996

The new field of learning control develops controllers that learn to improve their performance at executing a given task, based on experience performin this specific task. In a previous work［6］, the authors presented a theory of indirect learning control based on use of indirect adaptive control concepts employing simultaneous identification ad control. This paper develops improved indirect learning control algorithms, and studies the use of such controllers in decentralized systems. The original motivation of the learning control field was learning in robots doing repetitive tasks such as on an assembly line. This paper starts with decentralized discrete time systems, and progresses to the robot application, modeling the robot as a time varying linear system in the neighborhood of the nominal trajectory, and using the usual robot controllers that are decentralized, treating each link as if it is independent of any coupling with other links. The basic result of the paper is to show that stability of the indirect learning controllers for all subsystems when the coupling between subsystems is turned off, assures convergence to zero tracking error of the decentralized indirect learning control of the coupled system, provided that the sample time in the digital learning controller is sufficiently short.

• 한국산업정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산업정보학회 1996년도 추계 학술 발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.217-227
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• 1996

The new filed of learning control develops controllers that learn to improve their performance at executing a given task , based on experience performing this specific task. In a previous work[6], authors presented a theory of indirect learning control based on use of indirect adaptive control concepts employing simultaneous identification and control. This paper develops improved indirect learning control algorithms, and studies the use of such controller indecentralized systems. The original motivation of the learning control field was learning in robots doing repetitive tasks such as on an asssembly line. This paper starts with decentralized discrete time systems. and progresses to the robot application, modeling the robot as a time varying linear system in the neighborhood of the nominal trajectory, and using the usual robot controllers that are decentralized, treating each link as if it is independent of any coupling with other links. The resultof the paper is to show that stability of the indirect learning controllers for all subsystems when the coupling between subsystems is turned off, assures convergence to zero tracking error of the decentralized indirect learning control of the coupled system, provided that the sample tie in the digital learning controller is sufficiently short.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.738-746
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose an indirect PIN entry method that provides enhanced security against smudge, recording, and thermal attacks. Conventional mobile PIN entry methods use on-screen numeric keypad for both use of display and entry. Thus These methods are vulnerable to aforementioned attacks. In our method, passcode is same as that of the conventional PIN entry methods, and that is user-friendly way for mobile device users. Therefore, our method does not reduce user convenience which is one of the advantages of the conventional methods. In addition, our method is not a method of directly touching the on-screen numeric keypad for entering passcode like the conventional PIN methods. Unlike the conventional methods, our method uses an indirect passcode entry method that applied a passcode indicating key. According to the performance comparison result, proposed method provides user convenience similar to the conventional methods, and also provides a higher level of security and safety against recording, smudge, and thermal attacks than the conventional methods.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.25-42
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• 2022

I analyze how the food delivery market's indirect network effect and spillover effect influence the spread of food delivery platforms in different counties. This study finds that there is a positive local indirect network effect and a positive spillover effect in the adoption of the platform by examining the food delivery platform market in South Korea as of 2020. As food delivery platforms secure consumers who use them, more restaurants on the other side of a two-sided market adopt such platforms (indirect network effect). The spillover effect would allow other restaurants in a region to become more likely to adopt food delivery platforms if there are a greater number of restaurants in the region that use such platforms. This study contributes to the comprehension of technology diffusion and the marketing strategies of platform providers by providing empirical evidence of both effects.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.191-215
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• 1998

This descriptive correlational study was done to identify ICU nurses' intention to use restraints and related factors using Ajzen and Madden(1986)'s Theory of Planned Behavior. Self-reported questionnaires were used to measure intention and related factors. The subjects of this study were 287 ICU nurses in 21 general hospitals with at least 200 beds at Taegu, Pusan and Kyungbuk area in Korea. The results of this study were : 1. There were significant differences in intention according to age and marnital status, attitude according to educastion(with indirect measure), subjective norm according to career in ICU(with both measures), perceived behavioral control according to age and career in ICU(with direct measure), and knowledge according to education and position. 2. There were significant correlations among intention and all factors. Intention was correlated with attitude(r=.2119), subjective norm(r=.1112), and perceived behavioral control(r=.3448) with direct measure. Attitude was correlated with subjective norm(r=.2530), perceived behavioral control(r=.3005), and knowledge(r=.1388) with direct measure. Subjective norm was correlated with perceived behavioral control(r=.1321) with direct measure. Intention was correlated with attitude(r=.1496) and perceived behavioral control(r=.2922) with indirect measure. Attitude was correlated with subjectivenorm(r=.2829) and knowledge(r=-.1390) with indirect measure. Also, subjective norm was correlated with perceived behavioral control(r=.2363) with indirect measure. 3. ICU nurses' intention to use restraints was explained 16.7% by perceived behavioral control, attitude with direct measure, control belief, and age. By this study, it was foundr that ICU nurses reported high level of intention to use restraints. The most important predictor of intention to use restraints was perceived behavioral control toward using restrains, which reflected the easiness and difficulty in the use of restraints.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.88-98
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• 2016

여름철이 무더운 대한민국에서는 냉방에 많은 전력을 소비한다. 이 경우 간접증발냉각을 동시에 적용하면 전기 사용을 줄일 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 물 퍼짐성을 개선한 플라스틱/종이 재질의 간접 및 재생증발소자에 대해 일련의 실험을 수행하였다. ${\epsilon}-NTU$ 방식의 열 및 물질전달 해석 모델과 비교한 결과 모델의 예측치는 간접 및 재생증발소자의 간접증발효율, 냉각열량, 압력손실을 적절히 예측하였다. 모델 해석 결과 간접 및 재생증발소자 모두 건채널 입구온도와 상대습도가 증가하면 간접증발효율이 증가하였다. 또한 재생증발소자의 간접증발효율이 간접증발소자의 값보다 크게 나타났다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.87-97
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• 2004

The National Health Insurance Act, the Industrial Health Act and the School Health Act require chest radiography at least once a year. In chest radiographic examination, most group examinations use indirect X-ray primarily aiming at diagnosing diseases and enhancing people's health. This study purposed to minimize radiation exposure dose by comparing it between direct and indirect chest X-ray studies. According to the result of comparing and analyzing radiation exposure dose, the average incident dose and penetrating dose were 0.929μGy and 0.179μGy respectively in direct chest X-ray and 6.807μGy and 1.337μGy in indirect chest X-ray In order to minimize radiation exposure dose at direct and indirect chest X-ray, indirect X-ray should be excluded from group examination if possible. Moreover, it is necessary to control the quality of equipment (Q/A & Q/C) systematically and to avoid using unqualified equipment in order to reduce radiation exposure dose.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.1213-1235
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• 2013

In this paper, we investigated the factors affecting the intention to use smartphone banking with a research model based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) extended to include security risk, trust, and self-efficacy. With analysis after controlling factors such as age, gender, and previous experience of smartphone banking that may have effects, we conclude that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, security risk, and trust have direct effect on the intention to use smartphone banking, and self-efficacy has indirect effect on the intention to use through mediation of perceived ease of use. We performed a study to check the validity of TAM in the context of smartphone banking, and confirmed that perceived ease of use has both direct and indirect effect on the intention to use.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.165-179
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• 2012

Indirect $CO_2$ effect due to non-methane volatile organic compound (NMVOC) emissions from solvent and product use and fugitive NMVOC emissions from fuels in the Republic of Korea and 13 Annex I countries under United Nations Framework on Climate Change were estimated and the proportions of them to total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions ranged from 0.092% to 0.45% in 2006. Indirect greenhouse effect ($CO_2$, $CH_4$, and $O_3$) were estimated at 13 photochemical assessment monitoring sites in the Republic of Korea using concentrations of 8 NMVOCs of which indirect global warming potential (GWP) were available. The contribution of toluene to mixing ratio was highest at 11 sites and however, the contribution of toluene to indirect greenhouse effect was highest at nine sites. In contrast to toluene, the contributions of ethane, butane, and ethylene were enhanced. The indirect greenhouse effects of ethane and propane, of which ozone formation potentials are the lowest and the third lowest respectively among targeted 10 NMVOCs, ranked first and fourth highest respectively. Acetaldehyde has relatively higher maximum incremental reactivity and is classified as probable human carcinogen however, its indirect GWP ranked second lowest.