• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.859-866
• /
• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of Neopsora (N) caninum infection in Korean dairy herds. To determine the prevalence of antibodies to N caninum in Korean dairy cattle, a total of 1,688 sera including 895 sera taken from 30 herds having recent high abortion rate and 793 sera selected randomly from 168 herds with no history of recent abortion problem, respectively, collected nationwide during a designated period were analyzed by indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test. Mean nationwide seropositive rate of the sera tested in herds and individual cattle tested were 53.5% and 35.6%, respectively. However mean seropositive rate of the samples from herds having abortion problem was approximately two and half times higher than those in herds with no recent abortion history. Regional seropositive rates of the samples from the herds with abortion problem were 48.6%, 51.6%, 44.4% and 71.4% at Kyunggi, Kangwon, Kyungbuk and Jeonnam province, respetively. Regional seropositive rates of the samples from the herds with no recent abortion problem were 35.6%, 18.3%, 16.5%, 37.5%, 19.4%, 33.3%, 32.1%, 3.8% and 0.0% at Kyunggi, Kangwon, Chungbuk, Chungnam, Kyungbuk, Kyungnam, Jeonbuk, Jeonnam and Jeju province, respectively. The results of this study suggested that N caninum infection was widespread and considerably associated with bovine abortion in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.677-681
• /
• 2003

Currently, both the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) have been used to detect Neospora caninum antibodies. Several factors such as the buffers, the conjugate, the pattern of fluorescence, and the cross reactivity with other apicornplexan protozoan, may result in poorly correlated data. The present study was undertaken to develop and evaluate the Neospora agglutination test (NAT) for the detection and quantification of IgG antibodies to N. caninum from various animal species. Compared to the ELISA method, the NAT with a cutoff value of 1:512 gave a high index of coincidence (kappa=0.807) and no cross reactivity to Toxoplasma gondii antiserum. Hence, this NAT method, which did not require a species-specific secondary antibody and expensive tools, would be easily available for the detection of antibodies to N. caninllm of various animal species.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.471-477
• /
• 1991

Attempts to isolate chicken anemia agent (CAA) were made by inoculating tissue homogenates into MDCC-MSBl or LSCC-1104B1 cell lines and passaging the cells serially. CAA was isolated from the liver and thymus of 11 weeks old layer chickens and from the liver of 10 weeks old broiler breeder chickens. The layer flock experienced approximately 45% mortality during 9 to 14 week of age from gangrenous dermatitis and lymphoid organs of affected chickens were severely atrophied. The broiler breeder flock experienced approximately 7% mortality during 7 to 9 weeks of age and affected birds showed lesions of colibacillosis, staphylococcal arthritis, and coccidiosis together with atrophied lymphoid organs. The isolated viruses were identified as CAA by the indirect fluorescent antibody test and virus neutralization test using CAA immune sera including one to Gifu-1 strain of CAA. The CAA isolate 89-69, when inoculated into susceptible 1 day old SPF chicks, induced anemia 14 to 16 days after inoculation. It did not induce any cytopathic effects in chicken embryo liver and chicken embryo fibroblast cell cultures. Infectivity of the isolate was not affected by the treatment of chloroform or heat ($70^{\circ}C$ for 15 minutes).

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.189-194
• /
• 1997

The life cycle of Theileria sergenti(T sergenti) in cattle, especially Korean native cattle, was not proved clearly. To find schizont stage in the life cycle of T sergenti in Korean cattle, T sergenti schizonts in the cells of parotid lymph nodes from 10 adult Korean cattle were examined. Lymphoid cells which were separated from these lymph nodes were cytocentrifuged to observe the parasites in the cells. T sergenti schizonts were detected in the cells of lymph nodes of 6 cattle out of them by IFA(Indirect Fluorescent Antibody) test and Giemsa stain. By peroxidase stain, the cells which contain schizonts were proved lymphoid cells. T sergenti schizonts identified by IFA test were able to be restained by Giemsa stain. Also, merozoites were observed in peripheral blood of the same 6 cattle that had schizonts, by giemsa stain, but not observed in the 4 cattle that had not been detected schizonts. As a part of life cycle of T sergenti, schizonts were observed in the lymphoid cells of Korean cattle.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.243-245
• /
• 2003

Neospora caninum is an important cause of abortion in cattle, and dogs are its only known definitive host. Its seroprevalence among domestic urban and rural dogs and feral raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis) in Korea was studied by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and by the neospora agglutination test (NAT), respectively. Antibodies to N. caninum were found in 8.3% of urban dogs and in 21.6% of dogs at dairy farms. Antibody titers ranged from 1:50 to 1:400. Antibodies to N. caninum were found in six (23%) of 26 raccoon dogs. However, the potential role of raccoon dogs as a source of horizontal transmission of bovine neosporosis needs further investigation. The results of this study suggest that there is a close relationship between N. caninum infection among dairy farm dogs and cattle in Korea. This study reports for the first time upon the seroprevalence of N. caninum infection in raccoon dogs in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.255-262
• /
• 2001

Five pigs industry with outbreaks of transmissible gastroenteritis(TGE) in Gyeongbuk province were investigated during the period from January to December 2000. The typical signs of TGE in piglets had transient vomiting and a watery yellowish diarrhea, rapid loss of weight, dehydration and high mortality in pigs under 2 weeks of age. Clinical signs of TGE in growing and finishing pigs and sows were usually limited to inappetence and diarrhea for one or a few days, with vomiting observed in an occasional animal. The detection of TGE viral antigen in epithelial cells of the small intestine had been used in indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFA) for diagnosing TGE in young pigs. WかR had been successfully used to detect the DNA derived from TGEV in specimen of intestinal swabs. Among 5 pigs industry, four showed typical signs of epizootic TGE and one progressing enzootic TGE. It was 22～53 days that the duration of initial clinical disease in TGE outbreaks of pigs investigated in Gyeongbuk province in 2000. However the duration related directly to herd size. Mortality of piglets under 2 weeks of age for duration was 53.2～88.2%, but that of piglets 2～5 weeks of age was 2.5～6.5%. The piglets of 1 weeks of age died mostly during duration of TGE, but varied considerably with husbandry and other environmental factors.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.335-343
• /
• 2004

Although human rabies deaths are rare, the disease remains a public health problem in Korea. Here we report the outbreaks and surveillance of animal rabies in Gangwon-do. Animal rabies infections were identified in 119 animals from 1993 to 2003. The $78\%$ of all rabid animals were domestic species in Gangwon-do. Wild Korean raccoon dog (N. p. koreensis) continued to be the only reported rabid wildlife species. Outbreaks of rabies infections in Korean raccoon dogs are found in broad geographic regions across the northern Gangwon-do. The principal rabies hosts today are probably wild animals in Gangwon-do. The malaise, cerebral dysfunction, anxiety, confusion, agitation and abnormal behavior of the animals were the important symptoms of the disease. The Encephalitis, infiltration with lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes and the inclusion bodies (Negri bodies) in neuronal cells were the specific histopathological signs. The results of indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFA) for animal rabies diagnosis were identical and the technique was useful to diagnose the disease. Preexposure vaccination is recommended for persons in high-risk groups, such as laboratory workers, veterinarians and certain animal handlers.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.52 no.4
• /
• pp.443-447
• /
• 2014

Babesiosis is an emerging tick-borne disease in humans worldwide; however, little is known about the frequency of infection or prevalence of this disease in other parts of the world, excluding North America. In this study, we aimed to investigate Babesia microti infection frequency in a human population in Mongolia. One hundred blood samples were collected from stock farmers living in Khutul city of Selenge province, Mongolia. The sera and DNA from blood samples were evaluated for the presence of B. microti infection by using indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) tests and PCR. The positive detection rates obtained using the IFA tests and PCR assays were 7% and 3%, respectively. This study is the first to detect of B. microti infections based on antibody seroprevalence or PCR assays for the presence of B. microti DNA in a Mongolian population.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.142-149
• /
• 2000

It had been evaluated the recombinant Circumsporozoite(CS) protein of Plasmodium viva in serologic diagnosis of vivax malaria. Western blot was done to analyse the sera of malaria patients according to the days after onset. The sera which have the terms within 15 days were shown 43.8%(14/32) of positive rates and the sera over the 16 days were shown 94.4%(17/18) of positive rates. So the total positive rate was 62%(31/50). It was 22.6%(7/31) which was shown negative response in Western blot, even though they were shown positive response in Immuuofluorescent antibody test(1FAT) using whole blood stage antigens. The positive rate of non-epidemic area(Yechon-gun, Kyongsangbuk-do) was 10.7%(3/28), and epidemic area(Kangwha-gun, Inchon-shi) was 27.6%(13/47) in Western blot analysis using recombinant CS protein. In order to applicate the recombinant CS protein in seroepidemiological survey, blood samples of 422 inhabitants were collected who lived in malaria epidemic areas, Chosm-ri, Majeong-ri, Hyangyang-ri and Noejo-n in Paju-shi, Kyonggi-do. All of them were negative in microscopic examination and two(0.5%) of them were positive in Polymerase Chain Reaction. 42(10.0%) of them were seropositive in FAT using whole blood antigens and 71(16.8%) of them were seropositive in Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant CS protein. It was figured out the positive rates were much higher according to the distances of villages which were closed to the demilitalized zone(DMZ) in all kind of diagnostic methods, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.359-365
• /
• 1998

This study was conducted to isolate the protozoan parasite Babesia gibsoni by intraerythrocytic culture method of micoraerophilous stationary phase(MASP) and evaluate the possibility of application for the detection of B gibsoni in canine babesiosis. Also, indirect fluorescent antibody test(IFAT) and thick blood smear(giemsa stain), direct light microscopy (DLM), as control diagnostic tests, were conducted to compare diagnostic effects between MASP, IFAT and DLM. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows. The protozoan parasite B gibsoni multiplied in 24-well polystyrene plate containing 1.2ml of canine red blood cell suspension in RPMI 1640 medium(pH 7.0) which is contained 20~40% normal canine serum(NCS) under the MASP condition of 5% $CO_2$ and 95% air at $37^{\circ}C$ incubator. Under the above MASP culturing system the percentage of parasitized erythrocytes(PPE) after incubation for 9 days reached the peak. The levels of PPE in MASP culture were shown more higher by exchanging the medium at 24 hour intervals. The parasite were purely isolated from MASP culture of canine red blood cells collected from dogs(pit bullterrier) infected with B gibsoni naturally. Among the total of 83 heads of pit bullterrier blood samples the positive rate was 32 heads(38.5%) in DLM, 45 heads(54.2%) in IFAT and 42 heads(50.6) in MASP culture. In negative cases of IFAT and DLM the isolation rates of B gibsoni by MASP culture were 16 heads(42.1%) of 38 heads and 16 heads(28.6%)% of 56 heads, respectively. From this study it was suggested that MASP culture method by RPMI 1640 medium was a reliable and useful diagnostic test for the diagnosis of B gibsoni infections in canine babesiosis.