• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

The SC structure can have relatively liberal sectional surfaces, and allows modularization for pre-forming in factories and structural stability. It can be used for the shear walls in the core of general buildings or the structural members for parking buildings. In the future, it could be applied to moving large bus terminals, and widely used for general industrial structures as it can expedite the process compared to other methods. This study examined the applicability of SC structures to the retaining walls of a parking building and reviewed its economic value by comparing its construction term, quality control benefits, and cost compared to RC structures. It was found that SC structures are about 1.6-1.7 times more expensive than RC structures in terms of the cost of fabrication and installation. However, the construction term can be reduced by 27% to save indirect costs for constructors, as well as the cost of removing molds and material loss required when installing RC structures.

• 기술사
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.5-11
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• 1981

This analysis has been conducted for 8 chemical plants built in Korea during 1975-1976 and the results have been compared with those in U.S.A. observed by Kenneth M. Guthrie. Equipment and materials supplied by domestic makers are limited in activity field and occupy only 12% of all equipment and material cost. However, unit costs of most materials supplied by home such as cement, steel, cables and carbon steel pipes, etc. being relatively cheaper than those of abroad, their effects on material-to-equipment ratios are apparent. There is a deep difference in labor wage rates between Korea and U.S.A. as much as 16 times. However, the labor productivity observed in these model projects is in the range of 1.1-1.4 to the Gulf Coast, U.S.A. during the same period. And this low wage rate and relatively high productivity have the greatest influence on deviation of Korean cost structure from that of U.S.A. In these model projects, engineering and construction management was conducted by foreign contractors (mostly U.S.A.), and the resulting project indirect cost amounts to 7.5 times as high as most cases executed by Korean contractors alone. Weighted percentage of each component and L/M-ratio by activities of direct field cost derived from this analysis are shown in detail in Tables 2 and 5 to provide a basis for futher study and comparison.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2002년도 학술논문발표회
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• pp.75-80
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to conduct researches on the aspects of reconstruction and remodeling of low-rise, dilapidated apartment buildings in the provinces, using comparative methodologies, consequently coming up with the findings in the following. 1) Unlike the rebuilding projects in which the movement process tends to be made in a bulk (in a simultaneous manner), it turns out that when it comes to remodeling, it would be advisable to attempt moving the inhabitants as a group either by the size of their residence or by the building. 2) Given the peculiarities of the construction management mechanism, remodeling projects might seem disadvantageous on the part of the management on account of inadequate accumulation of information and experience. Hence, based on the impeccable assessment of the current status of the subject buildings from the phase of planning, its imperative to closely look into and take into consideration a variety of direct and/or indirect factors in advance of the implementation. 3) A series of comparative researches from the perspective of economical efficiency that remodeling projects appear profitable considering the overall costs including financial expenses, varied taxes, and so on that will be eventually brought forth during the reconstruction period, and all the more so when allowing for the consequential effects which they ought to have upon the natural and human resources, environmental and ecological condition, business potentials, etc. Amelioration to be desired on the basis of the findings above.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2016

Outbreaks of highly contagious livestock diseases can cause direct and indirect economic impacts such as lower productivity of cattle farms, fall in tourism in damaged areas and countries, and decline in exports. They also incur tremendous social costs associated with disease elimination and restoration work. Thus, it is essential to prevent livestock diseases through monitoring and prediction efforts. Currently, however, it is still difficult to provide accurate predictive information regarding occurrences of livestock diseases, because existing cattle health monitoring or forecasting systems are only limited to monitor environmental conditions of livestock barns and check activities of cattle by using a pedometer or thermal image. In this paper, we present a biosensor-based cattle health monitoring system capable of collecting bio-signals of farm animals in an effective way. For the presented monitoring system, we design an integrated monitoring device consisting of a sensing module to measure bio-signals of cattle such as the heartbeat, the breath rate and the momentum, as well as a Zigbee module designed to transmit the biometric data based on Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). We verify the validity of the monitoring system by the comparison of the correlations of designed device with a commercial ECG equipment through analyzing the R-peak of measured signals.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.2229-2233
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• 2016

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women in the world. Early detection is necessary to improve outcomes and decrease related costs. The aim of this study was to assess the predictive power of health locus of control as a modifying factor in the Health Belief Model (HBM) for prediction of breast self-examination. Materials and Methods: In this cross- sectional study, 400 women selected through the convenience sampling from health centers. Data were collected using part of the Champion's HBM scale (CHBMS), the Health Locus of Control Scale and a self administered questionnaire. For data analysis by SPSS the independent T test, Chi square test, logistic and linear regression modes were appliedl. Results: The results showed that 10.9% of the participants reported performing BSE regularly. Health locus of control did not act as a predictor of BSE as a modifying factor. In this study, perceived self-efficacy was the strongest predictor of BSE performance (Exp (B) =1.863) with direct effect, while awareness had direct and indirect influence. Conclusions: For increasing BSE, improvement of self-efficacy especially in young women and increasing knowledge about cancer is necessary.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.1857-1862
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• 2012

To assess the impact of household income and economic recession on participation in CRC screening, we estimated annual participating proportions from 2007 to 2009 for different CRC screening modalities according to household income levels. A total of 8,042 subjects were derived from the fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for CRC screening with household income quartiles by gender in each year. People were less likely to attend a high-cost CRC screening such as a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy independent of the income quartile during the economic recession. Income disparities for participating in opportunistic cancer screening appear to have existed among both males and females during the three years (2007-2009), but were most distinctive in 2009. An increase in mortality of CRC can therefore be expected due to late detection in periods of economic crisis. Accordingly, the government should expand the coverage of CRC screening to prevent excess deaths by reducing related direct and indirect costs during the economic recession.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.442-451
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impacts of the rapid rise in oil prices on fisheries economy. Even though fishery oils are tax exemption items, such increase in oil prices put a great amount of pressure on Korean fishing operations. Because basically the recent oil shock is externally given, Korean fisheries themselves have little capacity to cope with the disruption of economic environments. The research results turned out that Korean fisheries are extremely vulnerable(or fragile) to external shocks. In this regard, government support issues of oil costs are in the center of debate. It is widely recognized that direct/indirect government financial supports or subsidies would result in economic inefficiency in expense of equity. However, there are second best theories which may justify government intervention into the markets. This second best theory is translated into the constitutional law that instructs the government to protect and promote the primary industries including fisheries, agriculture, and midium/small-scale enterprises. It is apparent that the constitutional law would provide the government with a variety of policy instruments such as more active buy-back programs, tax exemptions and technological development to deal with fisheries economic hardship due to the external pressure such as high oil prices and international fishery orders.

• 한국농촌간호학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2006

Purpose: To compare of health inequalities between rural and urban areas in term of health status, health behaviors and medical care utilization by using national-wide data. Method: The data came from the 2000 and 2005 census data, 2004 death certification statistics and 2001 national health and nutrition survey. The health indicators used in this study were mortality, perceived health status, health related behaviors, morbidity, accidents and suicides, mental health-related factors, health care accessibility. Korean rural areas have been experiencing a rapid aging process and there are demographic differences between rural and urban populations. Thus, both of crude rates and age-adjusted rates were compared. Result: Although the degrees decreased after adjustment for age, health inequalities between areas still existed. The people who lived in rural areas suffer from higher mortality, morbidity and unhealthy behavior compared to people in urban areas. Especially, regional health inequalities for women were significant. Health care accessibility in rural areas was also lower and medical indirect costs for rural residents were higher than those of urban residents. Conclusion: To reduce health inequalities between geographical areas, political efforts to tackle health inequalities in the rural areas are required.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2010

It seems that a primary concern of the project-based company, which provides a large scale product or service over long term period, is to run a successful project through systematic project process control and control costs. One of the typical project control methods is Earned Value Management System(EVMS) which analyses the precess through performance measurement. Even though the EVMS is a highly efficient tool in the managerial aspect, it cannot easily determine the Planned Value(PV), Actual Cost(AC), or Earned Value(EV) due to the indistinct criteria and extensive data. The accurate calculation of AC in particular, is the basic of project management, but most companies record direct personnel expenses or direct expenses only. Since they calculate indirect expenses based on the estimated ratio, it limits the systematic project management that reflects changes in profit and loss of a company. This study introduces a EVMS for project management and its actual case based on EVMS and ERP system which some additional modules are installed for performance measurement. It is expected that this new method enables a company to save time and effort, and also to improve transparency by specifying expense items in detail and to switch quarterly settlement to monthly by reducing the time of calculation.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2013

Railway system is today the most efficient way for transportation in many cases in several forms of application. Yet, wear phenomenon, profile evolution, fatigue, fracture, derailment are the major worries (financial and safety) in this system which force significant direct and indirect maintenance costs. To improve the cyclic maintenance procedures and the safety issues, it can be very satisfactory to be informed of the state of wheel/rail interaction with mileage. In present paper, an investigation of the behavior of the shear stresses by logged distance is approached, by implementing the field measurement procedure, in order to determine the real conduct of the most important cause of defects in wheel/rail contact, shear stress. The results coming from a simulation procedure indicate that the amounts of shear stresses are still in high-magnitudes when the wheel and rail are completely worn; even though in simulation based on the laboratory measurements of profile evolutions, the stresses become significantly reduced by logged distance.