• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.125-135
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• 2004

Hair coloring before the 1980s was mostly to hide white hair by dying in black. With the introduction of color TV, however, the size of the coloring market has been expanding. Nowadays, artificial synthetic dyes are widely used, which, though advantageous in many points, have problems such as harmful effects on the human body, carcinogenesis, environmental contamination and damage on hair. On the contrary, natural vegetables obtained from Curcuma Longa L., A. catechu, polygonum indigo, henna, etc. are little harmful to hair or the skin of the head and cause few environmental problems. In addition, as they are natural materials collected from nature, they are considered positively by consumers. Thus the present study started from the necessity of research on the convenient use of environment?friendly and side-effect-free natural dyes, coloring technology for reproducing original color, the improvement of adhesion rate, etc. From the present research were obtained yellow color from Curcuma Longa L., brown from A. catechu, blue from polygonum indigo and orange from henna. It is expected that, based on materials from previous researches, there may be more researches on the use of natural dyes as hair colors.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.25-33
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• 2004

Melange yams were prepared by varing the ratio of raw cotton dyed with Indigo, Gardenia and Sappan wood colorants, respectively. The antibacterial activity and deodorization on melange yarns were evaluated for bacteria reduction rate and deodorization rate. The bacterial reduction rate on melange yarns was explored with Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae. The melange yarns on the ratio of raw cotton dyed with Sappan wood and Indigo showed high Staphylococcus aureus reduction rate of 99% and 90%, regardless of Al-mordanting treatment, but those with Gadenia hardly showed bacteria reduction rate. The melange yarn showed high Klebsiella pneumoniae reduction rate of 99% for Al-mordanting treatment with Sappan wood. The others were poor. The deodorization of 81% and 98∼99% obtained with melange raw sliver and melange sliver dyed with Indigo, Gardenia and Sappan wood colorants, but dyeing did not significantly affect deodorization rate.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.135-141
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• 2003

An experiment was conducted to identify salient colours for information coding at electronic video displays. CRT and TFT-LCD were used to evaluate the effect of different types of electronic displays on the salience of colours. Total of 100 Subjects, 50 for each display were asked to select more salient 10 colours among 24 given colours. There was no statistically significant difference in the salience of colours between the two display types. The result showed that the tested colours could be clustered into 5 categories according to their brightness, saturation, and the number of R, G, B elements occupied to reproduce the colours. Three achromatic colours (black, white, grey) and eight chromatic colors (red, yellow, green, blue, cyan, orange, magenta, and indigo) were identified as the salient colours at the electronic video displays. The result also showed that the eight chromatic colours could be clustered into two distinct categories, landmark colours(red, yellow, green, and blue) and the other basic colours (cyan, magenta, orange, and indigo). It is noticeable that cyan, magenta, and indigo substituted for pink, purple, and brown that were recommended as the salient colours for the environment not using electronic video displays by the previous researches.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.293-294
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• 2018

Yangia sp. TSBP01, isolated from tidal flat sediment contaminated by the oil spill, is known to convert indole to indigo via an intermediate called indoxyl. Our analysis revealed that Yangia sp. TSBP01 contained the genome of 5,165,974 bp (G + C content: 66.5%) being composed of two chromosomes and five plasmids. This strain had genes encoding several oxygenases such as indole oxygenase directly involved in the conversion of indole to indoxyl.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.753-767
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• 2019

Dyeing behavior of indigo leaf powder was examined in regards to the effect of the amount of pigments on color and dye adsorption for silk dyed by reduction and nonreduction dyeing. The amount of indigotin and indirubin pigments adsorbed in dyed silk was examined by HPLC-DAD analysis. The color of dyed silk showed 7.7BG - 2.7B hue when silk was dyed at $50^{\circ}C$, and 3.5G - 4.9BG when dyed at $70^{\circ}C$. Blue ($b^*$) and green ($a^*$) color decreased as the pH of dyebath increased. When silk was dyed using nonreduction, R (red) and RP (red purple) hue and R hue was more apparent in samples dyed at $90^{\circ}C$. In reduction dyeing, amount of indigotin detected from silk exceeded the amount that was initially contained in the input dye. The amount of indirubin was lower than indirubin that was initially in the powder. In nonreduction dyeing, silk showed a higher amount of indirubin adsorption compared to silk dyed by reduction. The amount of indigotin adsorbed in silk was lower than the amount initially contained in the input dye. The amount of indigotin and indirubin adsorption was primarily dependent upon the dyeing method-reduction or nonreduction along with dyeing temperature and the pH of dyebath.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.33-48
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• 2022

This study was performed to compare the color emotion and preference of Koreans and Chinese for a two-color combination by dyeing cotton fabric with persimmon and indigo and to establish prediction models of color preference. Nine specimens prepared by combining two different colored fabrics (persimmon and indigo) were evaluated for color emotion and preference by Korean and Chinese groups of female college students. Koreans described most specimens as natural and traditional, whereas the Chinese described them as more pleasant and elegant as well as warmer and lighter than Koreans did. The contrast tone was the most preferred combination by both groups, whereas it was perceived as more modern and less warm by Koreans. Relationships between physical color variables and color emotions were quantified; these relationships were applied to establish a prediction model of color preference with tone combination types for each group. These results could help in making the design of fashion textiles more preference- and emotion-oriented for Korean and Chinese consumers.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.189-195
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• 2023

In this study, as one of the eco-friendly dyeing methods, indigo, Phellodendron amurense and Caeasapinia sappan were complexed dyed on cotton fabric. For complexed dyeing, the cotton that was pre-dyed 5 times with indigo was dyed 1 ~ 2 times repeatedly with Phellodendron amurense and Caeasapinia sappan. Then the color, tensile strength, density, and color fastness of complexed dyed sample were analyzed and the following analysis results could be obtained. As a result of color difference measurement, the L* value was 22.7 in the sample in which the cotton was dyed 5 times and then the Phellodendron amurense was dyed 1 time, and the K/S value was 15 or higher in all samples. As a result of measuring the strength, cotton fabrics tended to have a slight decrease in tensile strength when complexed dyeing. As a result of measuring the density, the density decreased by 15 ~ 20% in all samples at the warp and increased by 20 ~ 30% in the weft due to the complexed dyeing of cotton fabric. Moreover, the fastness to washing and drycleaning showed good results of 2 ~ 3 or higher, and the light fastness was 4 or higher.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.177-184
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• 2013

This study was conducted to determinate the optimum times of transplanting and harvest for enhancing the fresh leaf yield and colorant level of an indigo crop, Persicaria tinctoria H. Gross, containing the blue dye indigo. Two cultivars, Naju Local and a new cultivar, NaramBlue, were transplanted 5 times from May 30 to July 10 at an interval of 10 days, and all of experiment plots harvested on Aug. 23 in Muan, the south area of Korea. As transplanting time was delayed, fresh leaf yield were maximum at earliest transplanting (May 30) and then decreased, while Niram (blue dye extract) and indigo content of fresh leaf remained almost constant though showed a small variation. Also, two cultivars transplanted on May 23 were harvested 5 times from Jul. 20 to Sept. 20 at an interval of 15 days. As harvest time was delayed, plant height, No. of first branches, and fresh leaf yield changed increasingly, while Niram content was increased to Aug. 20 and then decreased slightly. Indigo level increased largely to Aug. 5, and then continuously decreased with more delayed harvest. These tendencies of changes in fresh leaf yield and colorant level with different transplanting and harvest times were shown similarly in both cultivars. The results indicate that early transplanting before May 30 and harvest in early August will be appropriate for improving fresh leaf yield and colorant level.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2005

This study had done to find an easily-dyeing method for novices because the dyeing method of traditional indigo has not been general to the public so that only an expert could dye the fibers. The results are as the following. When the powders after burning the shell of cockle (tegillarca granosa) were added. pH of the solution was 12.35 The k/s value of 2.49 was the highest in the dye after dipping in the solution of indigo for 1-2 days and the k/s value was 3.10 when adding 20 g/l of the starch (55% corn-starchy products in Korean market) into the solution of indigo. In addtion, the k/s value was the highest when fermenting temperature was $30^{\circ}C$ and when the powders after burning the cockle shell were 4 g/l. There were no differences between water and lye of rice straw which had used for the ferment of indigo. The components of two dye which has traditionally made of the cockle shell and which has made of calcium hydroxide were all the same.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.119-129
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• 2012

Excavated textiles provide very important research data on the costume culture of the Joseon dynasty. In particular, dyed textiles are indispensable for textile conservation research and for restoration of remains as well as for general costume culture research. Unfortunately, a prolonged burial environment causes the colors to change and gradually fade after excavation. Therefore, it is very difficult to identify the original color. In this study, natural dyed samples of red, yellow, purple and blue were prepared and analyzed using HPLC-PDA. Dyes of colorants extracted from excavated textile remains were analyzed by HPLC. In addition, mordants were analyzed using (SEM-EDX) in order to estimate the original color. The 16~17th Century's three samples were analyzed, sample 1, and 2 from Eunjin Song's Song Mun-Chang excavated at the Songchon-dong in Daejeon, and sample 3 from Yeosan Song's Song, Hee-Jong excavated at the Mokdal-dong in Daejeon. From the HPLC results, alizarin, purpurin, and indigo were detected on sample 1, alizarin and purpurin on sample 2, ellagic acid and indigo on sample 3. Therefore they were dyed with madder and indigo (sample 1), madder (sample2), pomagranted and indigo (sample 3). Al mordant was identified on three samples.