• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.77-89
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• 2015

영재지도에 대한 지속적인 관심 속에서 '독립연구'가 영재학생들의 학습 양식에 부합하는 교육의 한 가지 형태로 주목을 받고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 초등수학 영재학생들의 '독립연구를 위한 점검표'를 개발하고, 이를 적용하여 학생들의 독립연구 산출물에 나타난 특징을 분석하였다. 독립연구 산출물에 나타난 특징을 분석한 결과, 첫째, '독립연구를 위한 점검표'가 학생 스스로 자신의 독립연구 과정을 확인할 수 있는 자기점검 체크리스트로서 역할을 하였다. 둘째, '독립연구를 위한 점검표'의 점검 내용은 영재학생들에게 토론 주제를 제시하여 풍부한 토론을 유도하였다. 셋째, '독립연구를 위한 점검표'는 영재 독립연구 지도교사에게 학생들의 특성에 부합하는 지도 자료로 활용될 수 있었다. 넷째, 학생의 연구주제 및 연구방법에 따라 '독립연구를 위한 점검표'는 선택적으로 활용될 수 있었다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2023

This paper investigates the effect of independent directorship on the firm performance of Chinese listed companies under the impact of the global COVID-19 epidemic. The study starts by assessing the relationship between independent director-related characteristics and firm performance, then mines independent director characteristics variables, collects variable data, proposes reasonable hypotheses, and constructs a data model. 1597 companies listed on Shanghai and Shenzhen stock index, China, from 2020 to 2021 has been selected as the research sample. An empirical study on the relationship between independent directors' characteristics and firm performance was conducted using SPSS25. The results show that under the impact of the global COVID-19 epidemic, the proportion of independent directors on the board of directors, the age of independent directors, the remuneration of independent directors, and the overseas background of independent directors in Chinese listed companies have a negative relationship with the current firm performance, while the proportion of female independent directors and the part-time rate of independent directors do not have a positive effect on firm performance. The findings of this study strongly imply that independent directors' characteristics play a significant role in corporate governance and firm performance in Chinese listed companies and that the external environment has an impact on how well independent directors can carry out their duties.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.79-109
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• 2008

본 연구는 수학영재학생들의 독립연구 수행 능력이 어떠한지를 알아보고, 수학영재담당 교사들은 독립연구를 어떻게 인식하고 있으며, 현재 독립연구와 관련하여 산출물 제작 실태는 어떠한지를 분석하여 추후 수학영재학생들의 독립연구 수행에 대한 연구의 기초를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 독립연구는 영재학생들이 매우 선호하는 학습스타일로 교사와 함께 주의 깊게 계획되고 빈번히 점검되어 학생들이 자기주도적으로 수행할 때 연구기능 또한 신장된다. 본 연구는 수학영재학생 85명과 수학영재담당 교사 51명을 대상으로 조사연구방법으로 수행되었다. 연구결과 수학영재학생들의 독립연구 수행능력은 매우 낮은 편이었으며, 영재교육경험이 많고 적음에 따라, 교사 관여 없이 과제로 수행된 독립연구 경험의 유무에 따라 능력의 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 수학영재담당 교사들은 독립연구의 필요성은 인식하나 독립연구 방법에 대한 이해가 부족한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.311-335
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• 2008

This study aims to find out the teacher's role in each procedure necessary for math gifted students' independent study so as to help them grow to become more creative experts. The case study targeted 14 gifted students. The result shows that the necessary steps for math gifted students' independent study are as fellowing; introducing the independent study, selecting a topic, asking a question, literature review, choosing a study method, gathering information, analysing information, developing a product, sharing information, evaluating the study, Teachers should teach students necessary skills with plans and take the roles of advisors and facilitators. Especially, for effective independent study, this should be planned and done in a regular program for gifted students; teachers' and parents' interest and encouragement facilitate the students' study process.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2007

The purpose of this study were to analysis on quality properties of lower extremity of patient with stroke by the existence of the independent walking. We recruited fourteen adults after stroke(7 male, 7 female; mean age, 64y) for our study. The subjects were divided into two groups; independent walking group(3 male, 3 female) and non-independent walking group(4 male, 4 female). We used in this study included a B-mode ultrasonography scanner with a 7.5 MHz linea probe. During the experiment, the subject was seated in the chair. The echogenicity(density, white area index; WAI) of the tibialis anterior and rectus femoris muscles were measured on both sides of the leg. In both of the density and WAI, the tibialis anterior muscle were significant differences between paratic side and non-paratic side, the independent walking and non-independent walking group. However, in both of the density and WAI of the rectus femoris muscle were only significant differences between paratic side and non-paratic side. This study showed that stroke and the independent walking have influenced on quality properties of lower leg. Especially, the independent walking has influenced on the tibialis anterior muscle.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2020

Purpose: Understanding which product types of overseas travel (free independent travel vs. package travel) consumers will choose is one of the key issues of marketing and consumer behavior in travel agency management. Prior studies on overseas travel type preferences mainly focused on comparing regional differences (e.g., Asian vs. Westerner, or Korean vs. Australian, or Korean vs. Japanese, or American, French, Italian vs. Japanese) influencing the choice of overseas travel type. Another researchers focused on comparing cultural differences (e.g., individualism vs. collectivism, or individualistic culture vs. collectivistic culture), subcultural difference (e.g., acculturation; Koreans living in Republic of Korea vs. Koreans living in Australia), travel lifestyle, and socio-demographics (e.g., age, gender, income level, education level, marital status, occupation etc.). However, there are few studies that identify individual psychological differences (i.e., individual psychological differences within the same culture) influencing the choice of overseas travel type. Self-construal is a psychological factors that greatly influences choice behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of self-construal as an antecedent variable influencing choice of overseas travel product type. Research design, data and methodology: To achieve the purpose of this study, the questionnaire survey method was used. Self-construal items composed of independent self-construal items and interdependent self-construal items. Product types of overseas travel were free independent travel (FIT) type versus package travel type. In this study, the correlation coefficient between independent self-construal and interdependent self-construal was nonsignificant. It meant that the relationship between independent self-construal and interdependent self-construal was orthogonal. Therefore it was analyzed that independent self-construal and interdependent self-construal separately. Reliability analysis, factor analysis, and logistic regression analysis (controlling gender and age) was used as the data analysis method. Results: According to the results of this study, the stronger independent self-construal, the more preference for the free independent travel type rather than package travel, and the stronger interdependent self-construal, the more preference for the package travel type rather than free independent travel. Conclusions: Self-construal is an antecedent variable influencing the choice of travel type. Travel agencies must consider the consumer's self-construal (independent self-construal vs. interdependent self-construal) before planning and designing overseas travel products.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.64-75
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• 2003

Medical image segmentation is the process by which an original image is partitioned into some homogeneous regions like bones, soft tissues, etc. This study demonstrates an automatic medical image segmentation technique based on independent component analysis. Independent component analysis is a generalization of principal component analysis which encodes the higher-order dependencies in the input in addition to the correlations. It extracts statistically independent components from input data. Use of automatic medical image segmentation technique using independent component analysis under the assumption that medical image consists of some statistically independent parts leads to a method that allows for more accurate segmentation of bones from CT data. The result of automatic segmentation using independent component analysis with square test data was evaluated using probability of error(PE) and ultimate measurement accuracy(UMA) value. It was also compared to a general segmentation method using threshold based on sensitivity(True Positive Rate), specificity(False Positive Rate) and mislabelling rate. The evaluation result was done statistical Paired-t test. Most of the results show that the automatic segmentation using independent component analysis has better result than general segmentation using threshold.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.399-418
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• 2019

최근 독립출판물에 대한 사회적 관심과 이용자 요구의 증가로 공공도서관을 통한 독립출판물의 장서운영이 확대되고 있다. 그러나 공공도서관에서는 독립출판물의 다양한 형태 사항과 서지정보 제공의 부실 등으로 인하여 장서로 운영하는 데에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이에 공공도서관에서 독립출판물을 효과적으로 관리를 할 수 있는 방안을 제시하기 위해 공공도서관의 독립출판물 장서 현황 분석과 독립출판물 담당자와의 심층인터뷰를 진행하였다. 그 결과 독립출판물을 효과적으로 관리할 수 있는 방안으로 공공도서관 독립출판물 목록 구축 및 공유를 위한 공동목록시스템 구축, 독립출판물의 다양한 정보를 수집할 수 있는 플랫폼, 독립출판물의 ISBN, ISSN, CIP 발급 지원, 유통시스템의 개선이 필요한 것으로 도출되었다.

• 지역과문화
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.85-111
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• 2020

국내에서 1990년대 중반 등장하기 시작한 독립출판물 시장의 성장과 함께, 2008년에는 이 출판물들을 전문적으로 판매하는 독립서점이 문을 열었다. 2019년 말 기준, 국내 독립서점은 총 466개로, 지난 10년 동안 급격한 성장세를 보이고 있다. 그러나 이러한 성장세만큼, 폐점하고 있는 비율도 가파르게 상승하고 있다. 이는 광주지역 독립서점 또한 유사한 상황이다. 뒤늦게 출발해 활발한 활동으로 주목을 받았던 광주 독립서점들의 폐점비율은 전국 평균의 2배를 상회한다. 이에 본 연구는, 광주 독립서점의 현황을 파악한 후, 이들이 안고 있는 문제를 분석해 그 해법들을 찾아보고자 했다. 현재 광주 독립서점들은 북큐레이션, 다양한 부대프로그램, 북마켓 등 다양한 노력을 기울이고 있다. 그러나 특정 분야에 집중하는 큐레이션과 프로그램, 20,30대 특정 연령층에 대한 집중, 수도권의 출판물에 대한 의존성 등의 문제를 안고 있다. 본 연구는 이에 대한 해법으로, 지역콘텐츠 기획·개발을 통한 출판물의 다양화, 취향 기반의 살롱 성격 강화, 독립서점 네트워크 조직화, 독립서점의 체계적 인큐베이팅 등을 제시하였다. 더불어 제도적 측면에서, 지역서점인증제, 완전한 도서정가제 시행, 공급률의 공정성 등이 필요함을 제안하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2005

The study estimated employee satisfaction to apply TQM system to hospital foodservice management. A survey was mailed to foodservice employees of five general hospitals with more than 300 beds, three of them were independent and two of them were contract foodservice management. A total of 129 questionnaires were returned and analyzed for statistical analysis. Statistical analysis was completed using SPSS for chi-square test, t-test and Pearson's correlation. The results of this study showed that employees of contract foodservice presented higher scores than independent foodservice in interests, affection, importance of works. And achievement of work was significantly different between contract and independent foodservice employees (p < 0.05). The satisfaction of payment adequacy was lower for contract foodservice employees (p < 0.05). The employees of both contract and independent foodservice were satisfied with attitude of foodservice managers toward employee. Attitude scores of foodservice employees toward co-worker were higher in independent foodservice. Employees of independent foodservice showed higher scores for the attitude toward institution represented satisfaction. (Korean J Nutrition 38(2): 173～179, 2005)