• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.830-839
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 스포츠스폰서십 기업의 제품을 고관여 제품과 저관여 제품을 구분하여, 연구대상의 특성에 따른 스포츠스폰서십 인지의 광고효과를 분석하고자 한다. 선정된 모집단을 대상으로 총 450명을 표본대상으로 하여 설문지를 배부하였다. 회수된 438부의 설문지 중 불성실하게 응답했다고 판단되는 12부의 설문자료가 제외되었으며, 총 426부의 최종 유효 표본 자료가 실제 분석에 사용되었다. 본 연구에서는 PASW 19.0을 활용하여 빈도분석, 신뢰도 분석, 탐색적요인분석, 일원분산분석, t-test를 실시하였다. 본 연구에서는 모든 통계치의 유의수준을 .05로 설정하여 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 첫째, 성별에 따른 저관여 제품 및 고관여 제품 브랜드 효과 차이분석 결과 저관여 제품 및 고관여 제품 스폰서효과의 모든 하위변수에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 학력에 따른 저관여 지각된 품질, 저관여 스폰서 친숙 이미지 차이를 분석한 결과 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내고 있다. 셋째, 저관여 지각된 품질과 고관여 지각된 품질 차이 분석결과 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내고 있다. 또한, 저관여 스폰서 친숙 이미지와 고관여 스폰서 이미지 차이 분석결과 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내고 있다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.484-494
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to verify the direct influences of the risk factors of the family environment on the problem behaviors of early adolescents, and the indirect influences of the same by the mediation of ego resilience. Method: After random extraction of five elementary schools located in D metropolitan city, we conducted a survey of 5th and 6th-grade male and female students. For the analysis, we used data from the questionnaire results of 450 students. For the data analysis, we performed t-test of independent samples, one-way ANOVA, path analysis and Sobel test, utilizing SPSS/WIN 19.0 program. Result: The direct influence of the risk factors of the family environment on the problem behaviors of the early adolescents was 0.447, while the indirect influence by the mediation of ego resilience was 0.146. Conclusion: It was found that the risk factors of the family environment not only exert direct influences on the problem behaviors of early adolescents, they also have indirect influences on the problem behaviors of early adolescents by way of the mediation of ego resilience.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1111-1121
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• 1998

The objectives of this study were to identify the dimensional structure of female impression formation based on ornaments and color of jacket, and to analyze the effect of ornaments, color of jacket, and perceiver's gender on impression formation. The experimental design was 3$\times$4$\times$2(ornaments$\times$color of jacket$\times$gender) factorial design by 3 independent variables. The stimuli of color photographs of female model and the semantic differential scale were used. Samples were 288 college males and females. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, ANOVA, duncan's multiple range test, and t-test. Four factors derived to account for the dimensions of impression formation. These were potency, elegance, evaluation, youthfulness, and feminine. Wearing of large ornaments(a necklace and earrings) had a negative effect on impression of elegance and positive on potency. Red jackets increased the impression of positive evaluation, potency, feminity, and youthfulness. On the jackets of achromatic color such as white and black, wearing of large ornaments increased the effect of potency, and large ornaments increased matured impression on black jacket. The results of this study mean that perceiverss used large ornaments and red jackets as a salient cue.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2020

Background: This study aimed to examine the repeatability of hamstring strength during maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) and to examine the sex difference. Design: Quasi-experiment design. Methods: The study recruited 23 healthy young individuals as participants. Hamstring flexibility was measured before and after MVCs by active knee extension test. Five trials of MVCs were performed, and hip extension forces were measured using a strain gauge during MVCs. Repeatability was confirmed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation, and the difference between male and female participants was confirmed by independent samples t-test. Results: The forces measured during MVCs were significantly different between men and women over five trials. We observed the minimum and maximum force production at the first and fifth trial of MVCs in both men and women. Excellent to moderate reliability of the hamstring strength during MVCs was found in men (ICC range, 0.70-0.98) and women (ICC range, 0.66-0.90). There was no significant difference in hamstring flexibility between men and women. Conclusion: In clinical settings, we recommend excluding the first trial of MVCs in both men and women. Additionally, performing at least three trials of MVCs would be useful to improve the reliability of the baseline measures in women.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the quality of life of overweight & obese women using SF-36 Methods We studied 244 patients visiting Gangdong Kyung Hee University Hospital from 1st April 2011 to 30th November 2011. The subjects were categorized in two groups, normal group(n=158) and overweight & obesity group(n=86). We studied the difference of SF-36 scores between two groups by independent samples t-test and correlation between anthropometry and SF-36 scores by Pearson's correlation coefficient test using SPSS for windows(version 13.0). Results Overweight & obesity group significantly showed lower quality of life in the domains of physical functioning, bodily pain, and social functioning than normal group. Some of body weight, fat mass, body mass index, percent body fat, fat distribution and quality of life in the domains of physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, general health, social functioning, role-emotional significantly showed negative correlation coefficient. Conclusions The results suggest that overweight and obese women tend to show lower quality of life.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.128-138
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the CBC and HRV of postpartum women in the early 30s. according to parity. Methods: This study was done on 107 postpartum women between 30 and 34 years who admitted for postpartum care in Oriental Hospital of Woosuk University from 3rd February 2008 to 19th September 2008. They took the test of CBC and HRV. The SPSS 12.0 for windows was used to analyze the data and the independent samples t-test were used to verify the results. Results: 1. WBC and Grn of primipara group significantly increased compared with that of multipara group. LYM of multipara group significantly increased compared with that of primipara group. 2. Mean-RR and Complexity of multipara group significantly increased compared with that of primipara group. Mean-HR of primipara group significantly increased compared with that of multipara group. 3. Ln (HF) and Normalized HF of multipara group significantly increased compared with that of primipara group. Normalized LF of primipara group significantly increased compared with that of multipara group. Conclusion: The findings suggest that activation of the sympathetic nervous system in primipara group is higher than in multipara group. and activation of the parasympathetic nervous system in primipara group is lower than in multipara group.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.169-177
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• 2022

The main aim of the paper is to assess the level of financial literacy among business students. It further aims to investigate the role of external factors that may determine financial literacy. The external factors considered in this study are gender, grade point average, specialization, financial education, and financial socialization. Standard scales such as the Test of Financial Literacy, the Big Three, and other instruments were adapted to measure Financial Knowledge. Further, the study also explored relationships between several factors and the financial knowledge of students. These factors included a student's gender, specialization, number of finance or related courses studied, current Grade Point Average, and financial socialization. A total number of 303 valid responses were received through an online questionnaire administered to business students studying in a public university in the country. Statistical tests namely independent samples t-Test, one-way ANOVA, and correlation analysis were performed in SPSS 28.0. Results show that the overall financial knowledge of students is above average. Gender, number of finance or related courses, and financial socialization do not exhibit any significant relationship with financial knowledge. Current GPA and specialization show significant relationships. The findings of this study have important sectoral and research implications.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.194-199
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• 2001

국내에서 시판중인 230점(돈육샘플80점, 계육샘플 80점, 우육샘플 70점)의 식육 샘플에 대하여 미생물 오염수준 측정시 표준방법으로 통용되는 AOAC (the Association of Official Analytical Chemists)의 standard total aerobic count method 및 coliform count method와 국내에서 개발된 HApS$^{TM}$ (Hazard Analysis process System) method를 비교하였다. 돈육, 계육, 우육을 샘플군으로 하여 총세균수 및 대장균수를 표준방법과 HApS$^{TM}$방법으로 각각 측정하여 그 두 방법간의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 선형회귀분석 및 t-검정법의 통계적 방법을 사용하여 각 샘플군에서의 두 방법간의 상관계수(r) 및 회귀직선식을 얻었고, 각 샘플군에서 두 방법에 의한 각각의 표본평균이 주어진 유의수준($\alpha$=0.05)에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 즉, 본 실험에 사용된 샘플에 대하여 표준방법과 HApS$^{TM}$ 방법간의 유의한 차이를 발견하지 못하였다. 그러므로 표준방법에 비하여 실험시간 및 실험방법에서 신속성 및 간편성을 지니는 HApS$^{TM}$방법은 축산식품의 총세균 및 대장균군 오염도 측정시에 표준방법을 대신할 수 있는 유용한 방법이라고 할 수 있다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.139-152
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• 2007

Background and Purpose : Emergencies in the school setting occurs frequently. Therefore, the role of first responders is important. General teachers in elementary schools are expected by first responders in school emergencies. This study attempted to assess needs and demands assessment on the first aid education of general teachers in elementary schools. Method : The subjects of this study were 71 general teachers from 8 elementary schools. Data were collected by the questionnaire during the period from March 19 to April 13, 2007. The data were analyzed through frequency, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, Independent Two samples t-test, paired T-test, One Way ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation by SPSS win 12.0. Result : 1. It showed that 47.9%(34 persons) of general teachers answerd that they experienced emergencies in elementary school setting. Experienced emergencies were wounds(cut, laceration, abrasion etc.) 79.4%(27 persons), bleeding(including epistaxis) 64.7%(22 person), fracture(including dislocation, sprain) 44.1%(15 person), sting or bite 29.4%(10 persons). 2. It showed that 95.8%(68 persons) of subjects answerd that first aid education are necessary. Also 91.5%(65 persons) of subjects answerd that will be educated first aid if opportunities is given. 3. The total mean showed $2.39{\pm}.40$ in necessities of first aid education and $2.17{\pm}.36$ in needs of first aid education by 3 points Likert scale. Ranking 1 in necessities and needs of first aid education was bleeding control. 4. The total mean in necessities and needs of first aid education showed statistically significant differences(t = 3.453, p = .002). 5. The necessities of first aid education showed significant positive correlations with necessities and needs of first aid education(r = .521, p = .002). Conclusion : These results suggest that education program of first aid on elementary general teachers must be developed through necessities and needs assessment of first aid education and instructors must searched methods to increase needs of first aid.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2014

PURPOSE: In this study, we tried to find out what kind of exercise was more effective in sleep disorder by comparing melatonin in blood after applying low intensity with high intensity exercise to sleep disordered rats induced by experiment. METHODS: We used male Sprague-Dawley rats which were 8weeks old and weighted 300g. They were supplied with water and food without any restriction. We kept the room temperature at $25^{\circ}C$ and controld the length of day and night in 12 hours blocks, respectively. We divided the rats 60 into 2 groups. To one group we applied low intensity exercise, and to the other we applied high intensity exercise for 15minutes per day over a period of 4 weeks. We extracted the blood from abdominal aorta before, after exercise, moved into EDTA tube, performed centrifugation. We decanted the serum $200{\mu}l$ from the blood into microcentrifuge tube by samples and moved into polypropylene culture tubes with micro pipette. We split enzyme solution $50{\mu}l$ into the tubes with melatonin direct kits and make them react at $37^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. We split assay buffer $50{\mu}l$ into each tube and mixed melatonin tracer $50{\mu}l$ and melatonin antiserum $50{\mu}l$, respectively. After we made them react in room temperature, we decanted the superficial layer with a centrifuge and measured the activity for 1 minute by competitive method with ${\gamma}$-counter equipment. We draw a standard curve through logit-log graph with CPM(counts per minute) and counted the melatonin by B/B0. We conducted independent t-test to examine the homogeneous of melatonin value of before low-intensity and high-intensity exercise. We performed paired t-test to compare before and after low-intensity and high-intensity exercise, respectively. We carried out independent t-test to compare melatonin value after low-intensity and high-intensity exercise. Significance level was .05. RESULTS: The results were as follows; firstly melatonin was more increased in the group who was exposed to high intensity exercise when we compared before to after high and low intensity exercise, respectively. Secondly, high intensity exercise was more effective than low intensity exercise when we compared the two. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, secretion of melatonin which is the material of sleep improvement could be promoted by high intensity exercise. Low intensity exercise acted as a stress rather than improving sleep and had a negative effect on the secretion of melatonin because the melatonin was affected by stress.