• 한국진공학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.227-234
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• 1997

ITO, AZO, SZO 투명전도박막의 수소 플라즈마에 대한 안정성에 관하여 연구하였 다. ITO는 Corning 사의 제품을 사용하였고, AZO와 SZO는 rf magnetron sputtering 방법 으로 증착한 것을 이용하였다. 이 세가지 투명전도박막을 PECVD 챔버 내에 장착한 다음, 수소 플라즈마에 노출시켰다. 이 때 ITO 박막의 광투과도는 시편 표면의 온도와 시간이 증 가할수록 감소하였는데 특히 $300^{\circ}C$에서 30분간 노출시켰을 때 10~20%정도의 광투과도를 나타내었으며, 박막의 전도성을 완전히 잃어 버렸다. 반면 AZO와 SZO의 경우, 수소 플라즈 마 노출 온도와 시간에 대해 전반적으로 광투과도 손실이 나타나지 않았다. 하지만 박막내 수소의 유입으로 인하여 흡수대가 단파장 쪽으로 이동하는 'Burstein-Moss'효과가 나타났 다. 또한 표면구조에서도 AZO와 SZO가 수소 플라즈마 노출에 대해 안정성을 보인 반면 ITO의 표면은 indium과 tin의 금속입자로의 환원으로 인해 매우 거칠어짐을 보였다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.408-420
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• 2003

이 논문에서는 1) 넓은 잠금 범위를 위한 이중 루프 동작과 2) 차세대 패키지 스큐 개선에 대한 전압 발생기와 안티퓨즈 회로를 사용한 프로그래머블 레프리카 딜레이, 두 가지 이점을 갖는 Delay Lock Loop(DLL)을 기술하였다. 이중 루프 동작은 차동 내부 루프 중 하나를 선택하기 위해 외부 클럭과 내부 클럭 사이의 초기 시간차에 대한 정보를 사용한다. 이를 이용하여 더 낮은 주파수로 DLL의 잠금 범위를 증가시킨다. 덧붙여서, 전압발생기와 안티퓨즈 회로를 사용한 프로그래머블 레프리카 딜레이의 결합은 패키지 공정 후에 온-오프 칩 변화로부터 발생하는 외부 클럭과 내부 클럭 사이에 스큐 제거를 해준다. 제안된 DLL은 0.16um 공정으로 제조되었고, 2.3v의 전원 공급과 42㎒ - 400㎒의 넓은 범위에서 동작한다. 측정된 결과는 43psec p-p 지터와 400㎒에서 52㎽를 소비하는 4.71psec 실효치(rms)지터를 보여준다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.495-504
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• 2018

The possibility of earthquakes in vulnerable regions indicates that efficient technique is required for seismic protection of buildings. During the recent decades, the concept is moving towards the insertion of base isolation on seismic prone buildings. So, investigation of structural behavior is a burning topic for buildings to be isolated in base level by bearing device. This study deals with the incorporation of base isolation system and focuses the changes of structural responses for different types of Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB) isolators. A number of sixteen model buildings have been simulated selecting twelve types of bearing systems as well as conventional fixed-base (FB) scheme. The superstructures of the high-rise buildings are represented by finite element assemblage adopting multi-degree of freedoms. Static and dynamic analyses are carried out for FB and base isolated (BI) buildings. The dynamic analysis in finite element package has been performed by the nonlinear time history analysis (THA) based on the site-specific seismic excitation and compared employing eminent earthquakes. The influence of the model type and the alteration in superstructure behavior of the isolated buildings have been duly assessed. The results of the 3D multistory structures show that the lateral forces, displacement, inertia and story accelerations of the superstructure of the seismic prone buildings are significantly reduced due to bearing insertion. The nonlinear dynamic analysis shows 12 to 40% lessening in base shear when LRB is incorporated leading to substantial allowance of horizontal displacement. It is revealed that the LRB isolators might be potential options to diminish the respective floor accelerations, inertia, displacements and base shear whatever the condition coincides. The isolators with lower force intercept but higher isolation period is found to be better for decreasing base shear, floor acceleration and inertia force leading to reduction of structural and non-structural damage. However, LRB with lower isolator period seems to be more effective in dropping displacement at bearing interface aimed at reducing horizontal shift of building structure.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2003

Objectives : The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of Injinchunggan-tang on $TGF-{\beta}1-induced$ hepatic fibrosis. Methods : mRNA and protein expression levels of $TGF-{\beta}1$ in Injinchunggan-tang-treated HepG2 cells were compared to untreated cells using quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA assay, respectively. mRNA expression levels of the TGF-1 pathway genes (TR-1, TR-II, Smad2, Smad3, Smad4, and PAI-1) and fibrosis-associated genes (CTGF, fibronectin, and collagen type 1) were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. The effect of Injinchunggan-tang on cell proliferation of T3891 human fibroblast was evaluated using [$^3H$]thymidine incorporation assay. Results : Expression of $TGF-{\beta}1$ mRNA and protein was inhibited by Injinchunggan-tang in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Whereas $TGF-{\beta}1-mediated$ induction of PAI-1 was suppressed by Injinchunggan-tang, expression of the $TGF-{\beta}1$ pathway genes such as TR-1, TR-II, Smad2, Smad3, and Smad4 was not affected by Injinchunggan-tang treatment. Injinchunggan-tang was found to inhibit $TGF-{\beta}1-induced$ cell proliferation of T3891 human fibroblast, and also abrogated $TGF-{\beta}1-mediated$ transcriptional up-regulation of CTGF, fibronectin, and collagen type I. Conclusions : This study strongly suggests that the liver cirrhosis-suppressive activity of Injinchunggan-tang may be derived at least in part from its inhibitory effect on $TGF-{\beta}1$ functions, such as blockade of $TGF-{\beta}1$ stimulation of fibroblast cell proliferation and fibrosis-related gene expression as well as expression of $TGF-{\beta}1$ itself.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.245-258
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• 2006

We investigated seasonal variations of the upper ocean temperature and the mixed layer depth (MLD) in an eddy-permitting global ocean general circulation model (OGCM) to assess the OGCM perfermance. The OGCM is based on the GFDL MOM3 which has a horizontal resolution of 0.5 degree and 30 vertical levels. The OGCM was integrated for 68 years using a monthly-mean climatological wind stress forcing. The model sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity were restored to the Levitus climatology with a time scale of 30 days. Annual-mean model SST shows a cold bias $(<\;-2^{\circ}C)$ in the summer hemisphere and a warm bias $(>\;1^{\circ}C)$ in the winter hemisphere mainly due to the restoring boundary condition of temperature. The model MLD captures well the observed features in most areas, with a slightly deep bias. However, in the Ross Sea and Weddell Sea, the model shows significantly deeper MLD than the climatology-mainly due to weak salinity stratifications in the model. For amplitude of seasonal variation, the model SST is smaller $(1{\sim}3^{\circ}C)$ than the observation largely due to the restoring surface boundary condition while the model MLD has larger seasonal variation $({\sim}50m)$. It is suggested that for more realistic simulation of the upper ocean structure in the present eddy-permitting ocean model, more refinements in the surface boundary condition for the thermohaline forcing and parameterization for vertical mixing are required, together with the incorporation of a sea-ice model.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.111-126
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• 1987

Methyl methacrylate-butyl methacrylate copolymer (MMBM)-dibutyl phthalate (DBP) films were investigated as a potential topical drug delivery system for the controlled release of nitrofurazone. The kinetic analysis of release data indicated that drug release followed a diffusion-controlled granular matrix model, where the quantity released per unit area is proportional to the square root of time. DBP of several hydrophobic plasticizers selected was found to give the highest release of nitrofurazone. However, hydrophilic plasticizers such as propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol 400 had no controlled release properties and acceptable film formation. The effects of changes in film composition, drug concentration, film thickness, pH of release medium, and temperature on the in vitro release of nitrofurazone were analyzed both theoretically and experimentally. The release rate constant (k') was found to be proportional to DBP content, pH, and the temperature of release medium, but independent of film thickness, and drug concentration in a range of 0.1-0.4% by weight. The linear relationship was found to exist between the log k' and DBP content. The release of nitrofurazone from MMBM-DBP (8:2) films was found to be an energy-linked process. Two energy terms were calculated ; the activation energy for matrix diffusion was 13.45 kcal/mole, and the heat of drug crystal solvation was 27.26-29.34 kcal/mole. Observation of scanning electron micrographs and microscopic photographs showed that the incorporation of DBP in films increased markedly the particle size of nitrofurazone dispersed in the film matrix, comparing with the fine dispersion of nitrofurazone in pure MMBM film alone.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.191-202
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• 2015

본 연구는 프랑스계 캐나다인 영화감독 자비에 돌란의 영화 <로렌스 애니웨이>(2012)의 주인공 로렌스의 젠더 정체성을 살펴보고 내적 의미를 분석하고자 하였다. 생물학적으로 남성으로 태어났지만 여성으로 살고자 하는 로렌스의 외적 변화를 패션 이미지로 살펴보았고 이를 주디스 버틀러의 젠더 정체성 이론인 모방, 행위의 반복, 그리고 합체의 개념으로 살펴볼 수 있었으며, 그에 따른 내적 의미로 '타자의 내면화'와 '탈정체화'를 파악하였다. 로렌스는 여성성의 획득을 위해 여성의 모습을 모방하고 반복적인 행위로 그(녀)의 외적 구성을 완성해간다. 그(녀)의 반복되는 모방적 행위는 타자를 내면화하는 과정으로 해석되고 새로이 구성되어지는 주체를 시각화하는 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 탈정체화는 젠더가 시공간의 차이에 따라 다르게 구성되고 형성된 외형은 곧 내면의 외면화의 개념으로 해석되며 정체하지 않는 젠더의 유동적인 가변성을 의미화 한다. 로렌스의 '여성으로 가꾸기'는 외모를 흉내 내는 것 이상으로 재의미화 된 여성 또는 젠더를 만들고 있으며, 그것이 진정한 자기 변화이자 새로운 세상에 대한 도약으로 해석된다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.442-449
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• 1998

Freeze-dried cortical bones of the goat were transplanted to the experimental fibular defect of 10 dogs for valuating the possibility of xenogeneic bone implantation and the specificity of BM(Bone Morphogenetic Protein). The . freeze-dried cortical bone eliminated antigens and defatted with chloroform and methanol were freeze-dried at $-80{\circ}C$ for preservation of BMP and then sterilized with 50 gas and storaged in room temperature. Ten freeze-dried cortical implants of the goat were transplanted in experimentally defected regions of bilateral fibula of 5 dogs in clinically normal. The transplanted region had been radiographed for observing state of bone union and BALPOone Alkaline Phosphatase) in the serum of the host was measured for valuating activity of oteoblast per 2 week-interval after transplant procedures. New bone formation had been observed early in one of ten regions around implants about the same time as autoimplant regions. It was incorporated with its host bone during 4-12 weeks after transplantation. In another 2 cases of 2 dogs, new bone formation and absorption of implant had been observed from 4 weeks but they were not incorporated completely until 20 weeks. The rest of the freeze-dried bone implants, 7 cases of 4 dogs had not been observed new bone formation nor absorption of implants. The freeze-drying method for implants means to not influence bone incorporation. Although less of union percentages the union form of this experiment were similar to alloimplantation and it may mean to block immunity reaction that disturbs the bone induction by BMP. It demonsknted that the possibility of the xenogenous bone implantation is recognized by reason of the low specificity of BMP between goat and dog.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 1996

The study was designed to observe the effects of different dietary fat consumed in Korea with those of three other fats on colonic epithelial cell phospholipid and phosphatidyl inositol composition, which were known as biomarker for colon cancer. Male Sprague Dawley rats, at 7 weeks of age, were divided into control and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) -treated group that was again subdivided into four groups. The experimental diets contained one of four dietary fats at 15%(w/w) level, those were, blend fat(BF), beef tallow(BT), corn oil (CO) or perilla oil (PO) At the same time, each rat was injected nth saline for control group or DMH twice a week for 6 weeks to five total dose of 180 mg/kg body weight. Dietary fatty acid composition influenced the fatty acid compositions of tissues. Proportions of C18:2 colonic mucosal phospholipid well reflected dietary level of C18:2 showing in decending CO>BF>PO> BT. The percentage of C20:4 in phospholipid was the higher in CO and BT groups and the lowest in PO groups. Incorporation of -linolenic acid in colonic mucosal lipid In perilla oil group was negatively correlated to the content of C20:4. Therefore, $\omega$3-linolenic acid rich in perilla oil could be a very important dietary source in controlling arachidonic acid level in colon epithelial cell. Therefore it could be recommend to use more perilla oil in meal preparation to reduce the risk factor against colon cancer.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.162-167
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• 2011

Thermal storage plays an important role in building energy saving, which is greatly assisted by the incorporation of latent heat storage in building materials. A phase change material is a substance with a high heat of fusion which, melting and solidifying at a certain temperature, can be storing and releasing large amount of energy. Heat is stored or released when the material changes from solid to liquid. Integration of building materials incorporating PCMs into the building envelope can result in increased efficiency of the built environment. The aim of this research is to identify thermal performance of PCMs impregnated building materials which is applied to interior of building such as gypsum and red clay. In order to analyze thermal performance of phase change materials, test-cell experiments and simulation analysis were carried out. The results show that micro-encapsulated PCM has an effect to maintain a constant indoor temperature using latent heat through the test-cell experiments. PCM wallboard makes it possible to reduce the fluctuation of room temperature and heating and cooling load by using EnergyPlus simulation program. Phase change material can store solar energy directly in buildings. Increasing the heat capacity of a building is capable of improving human comfort by decreasing the frequency of indoor air temperature swings so that the interior air temperature is closer to the desired temperature for a long period of time.