• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.142-146
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• 2010

본 연구는 실험적으로 개의 피부장벽 손상 모델을 평가하기 위해 아세톤을 이용하여 개 피부장벽의 손상을 유도하고 손상의 정도를 경표피수분소실과 각질층보습도 수치를 측정하였다. 손상 후의 각질층세포간 지질구조는 전자현미경을 이용하여 평가하였다. 피부 및 임상병리학적 검사에서 건강한 2~4세령의 수컷 비글 개 6마리를 사용하였으며 아세톤에 의해 피부는 삭모 후 48시간후 에 손상되었다. 경표피수분소실도와 각질층보습도는 아세톤 손상전보다 손상후에 유의성 있게 저하되었다. 아세톤 손상표피의 전자현미경학적 평가에서는 손상된 각질세포간 비정상적이고 불완전한 지질층판이 관찰되었다. 본 연구를 통하여 아세톤을 이용한 개의 피부장벽손상은 개 아토피나 건성피부 연구를 위한 손상모델 가능성이 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2006

This study analyzed characteristics of natural and human environments in Chuncheon's Gongji stream, and suggested nature-friendly planning strategies for self-purification of water quality, biodiversity improvement and conservative waterfront recreation. The environmental analysis included streambed structures, floodplain soils, water quality, vegetation, wildlife, and human facilities. Natural colonization of vegetation for the middle section of the study stream was obstructed by a straightened concrete revetment of baseflow channel, and vehicle movement and concrete parking lots across the floodplain. These human disturbances also deteriorated the naturalness of the stream landscape and limited habitation of bird species. However, natural sedimented wetlands in half of the channel width for the lower section of the stream contributed to a desirable vegetational landscape and greater bird occurrence. Based on BOD measurements, water quality of the stream fell under class $II{\sim}III$ of the stream water-quality standard, but it was worse around sewage outlets due to incomplete sewage collection especially during the dry season. Dominant fish species included typical inhabitants of good water-quality streams that are tolerant of adverse habitat changes. Nature-friendly planning strategies were established based on analysis of the environmental characteristics. They focused on not merely spatial zoning and layout divided into four zones - preservation, partial preservation, conservation and use -, but close-to-nature channel revetment techniques, natural water-purification facilities, biotope diversification, and water-friendly recreation and circulation. Strategies pursued both renewal of stream naturalness and hydraulic stability of streamflow by minimizing transformation of natural channel micro-topography and biotope, and by reflecting natural traces of streambed structures such as revetment scour and sedimentation.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the International Welding/Joining Conference-Korea
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• pp.59-64
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• 2002

Effects of the aging treatments on the microstructure and strength of heat affected zone(HAZ) in the welds of a age-hardened Al-Mg-Si alloy, 5N01-T5, were investigated. The base metal aging treatments before MIG welding were conducted at 423K to 473K for 28.8ks Post weld heat treatment(PWHT) to recover the HAZ strength was performed at 448K for 28.8ks. Microstructure observations, hardness measurements and tensile tests were conducted to study properties of the MIG weld joints. The position of the softest region in HAZ where the hardness insufficiently recovered after natural aging and PWHT was at a distance of approximately 15mm from the center of the fusion zone. Hardness of the softest regions after natural aging and PWHT decreased with increase in the base metal aging temperature. TEM observation clarified that strengthening ${\beta}$"(Mg$_2$Si) precipitates and coarse ${\beta}$′ precipitates affected the hardnes of HAZ. Incomplete recover of hardness in HAZ after PWHT was caused by the precipitating of non-hardening ${\beta}$′ phase during the weld thermal cycle. In order to examine the effects of weldheat input and welding speed, the laser weld joints were also investigated and compared with the MIG weld ones. Laser welding had the narrower width of the softened regions in HAZ compared with MIG welding. The hardness of the softest regions of the laser welds after PWHT was higher than that of the MIG welds. Quantitative relations between hardness of the softest region and base metal aging temperature were obtained for both welding processes. Accordingly, the equations to estimate the strength of the weld joints after PWHT with varying base metal temperatures were proposed for MIG welding and laser welding.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.197-208
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to examine the intergenerational transmission of mother-daughter attachment across three generations, and to determine whether the mother-daughter attachment of three generations influences the adult daughter's ego-resilience. The subjects of this study were 310 unmarried adult women aged 20${\sim}$29, residing in the Busan area, and their 310 middle-aged mothers. The mothers responded to two sets of questionnaire investigating their attachment to their mothers (G1-G2) in the past and the present attachment to their adult daughters (G2-G3). Meanwhile, the adult daughters were given questionnaires regarding their attachment to their mothers and their ego-resiliency. The measurements used for this study were the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) and the Ego-Resiliency Scale (ER). Among the distributed questionnaires, 265 sets were collected and 252 sets were actually analyzed using SPSS 12.0 after 13 sets had been excluded due to incomplete data. Basic statistics were used such as frequency analysis, Pearson's correlation and hierarchical regression analysis. The study results were as follows. First, the adult daughter-mother (G2-G3) attachment was explained mostly by mother-grandmother (G1-G2) attachment, daughter's age, and economic status of the family. The strongest factor was the mother-grandmother attachment which implies the transmission of attachment through generations. Second, among the factors that influenced the ego-resilience of an unmarried adult daughter, attachment to one's mother perceived by the daughter turned out to be the most significant. Especially, the more positive the adult daughter's emotion toward her mother and the higher the daughter's education, the stronger the ego-resilience of the adult single daughter was. It was concluded that the mother-daughter attachment remained consistent throughout three generations, which influenced the social-psychological adjustment of the adult unmarried daughter.

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2003년도 가을 학술논문집
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• pp.363-367
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• 2003

우라늄 산화물의 금속전환을 위해 고온 용융염 중에서 전기화학적 환원공정에 대한 관심이 고조되고 있다. 본 공정은 우라늄 산화물뿐만 아니라 다른 악틴족 원소 산화물 및 일부 희토류원소 산화물 역시 금속으로 환원되는 장점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 금속산화물들은 독창적으로 고안된 일체형 음극 및 불활성 양극을 이용하여 금속으로 환원되며, 음극에서 발생된 산소 이온은 양극으로 전달되어 산화됨으로서 산소기체를 발생시킨다. 용융염 중에서 알칼리 및 알칼리토류 산화물에 대한 전기화학적 거동은 아직 완전히 밝혀지지 않았으며, 후행핵연료주기의 단위공정으로서 개발중에 있다. 사용후핵연료의 열 부하는 주로 세슘 및 스트론슘에 의한 것으로, LiC1 용융염 중에서 세슘, 스트론슘 및 바륨 산화물에 대한 용해 속도 및 환원전위를 고찰하였다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 구조손상 탐색을 위해 매개변수 부 집합 선택에 의한 새로운 정규화 방법을 제안하였다. Residual function을 위해 동적 residual force 벡터를 이용하였다. 과거에는 Residual function으로서 기본 동적 특성치(고유치와 고유모드)를 이용하여 단일구조손상은 탐색할 수 있었지만 다중구조손상 위치를 탐색하기에는 한계가 있었을 뿐 아니라 고유모드와 고유치의 상이한 기여도 때문에 가중치를 적용해야 하는 어려움이 있었다. 본 논문에서 제안된 방법은 고유모드의 불완전한 계측을 보완하기 위하여 모델 확장법을 적용하였다. 제안된 구조손상 탐색법은 다중구조손상 위치를 동시에 찾아 낼 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있다. 2차원 평면 트러스 구조를 이용하여 제안된 방법의 효용성을 검증하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2019

Combustion characteristics of gasoline/ethanol fuel were investigated both numerically and experimentally for vehicle fire safety. The numerical simulation was performed on the well-stirred reactor (WSR) to simulate the homogeneous gasoline engine and to clarify the effect of ethanol addition in the gasoline fuel. The simulating cases with three independent variables, i.e. ethanol mole fraction, equivalence ratio and residence time, were designed to predict and optimized systematically based on the response surface method (RSM). The results of stoichiometric gasoline surrogate show that the auto-ignition temperature increases but NOx yields decrease with increasing ethanol mole fraction. This implies that the bioethanol added gasoline is an eco-friendly fuel on engine running condition. However, unburned hydrocarbon is increased dramatically with increasing ethanol content, which results from the incomplete combustion and hence need to adjust combustion itself rather than an after-treatment system. For more tangible understanding of gasoline/ethanol fuel on pollutant emissions, experimental measurements of combustion products were performed in gasoline/ethanol pool fires in the cup burner. The results show that soot yield by gravimetric sampling was decreased dramatically as ethanol was added, but NOx emission was almost comparable regardless of ethanol mole fraction. For soot morphology by TEM sampling, the incipient soot such as a liquid like PAHs was observed clearly on the soot of higher ethanol containing gasoline, and the soot might be matured under the undiluted gasoline fuel.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2003

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluated results of arthroscopic treatment of the traumatic recurrent unidirectional posterior subluxation. Materials and Methods: We treated twenty-seven patients who had traumatic recurrent unidirectional posterior subluxation of the shoulder by arthroscopic labral repair and posterior capsular shift and prospectively evaluated for a mean of thirty-nine months (range,24 to 85 months). Patients who had posteroinferior instability, multidirectional instability, atraumatic onset, or revision cases were excluded. There were twenty-five male and two female patients with the mean age of twenty-one years (range, 14 to 33 years). All patients were involved in sports activity. All had a significant traumatic event prior to the onset of the instability. Stability, motion, three objective measurement (UCLA, ASES, and Rowe scores) and two subjective measurements (pain and function visual analogue scale) were evaluated. Results: The most common finding in magnetic resonance image-arthrogram was separation of the posteroinferior labrum without displacement in 9 patients, In arthroscopic examination, all patients had one or more lesions in the posterior inferior labrum and capsule. The most common finding was incomplete stripping of the posterior inferior labrum (18 patients). The posteroinferior capsule subjectively appeared to be stretched in twenty-two patients. At follow-up, all patients had improved shoulder function and scores(p < 0.01). All patients had stable shoulder by subjectivel and objectivel measurements, except one patient who had recurrent subluxation. All but one patient with postoperative recurrence were able to return to their prior sports activity with little or no limitation. Twenty-four patients were graded as having more than 90％ of shoulder function. Their were twenty-one excellent, five good, and one fair UCLA. scores. Pain sore improved from 4.5 to 0.2 point(p : 0.0001). Mean loss internal rotation was one vertebral level. None had operative complications. Conclusion: In conclusion, treatment outcomes of the traumatic unidirectional recurrent posterior subluxation are consistently reliable with respect to the stability, pain relief, and functional restoration by the arthroscopic posterior capsular shift procedure.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.250-256
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 이관능성 에폭시 수지의 전자선 (EB) 경화에 양이온 개시제 함량이 미치는 영향을 근적외선 분광기 (NIRS), 열중량 분석기 (TGA), 그리고 임계응력 인자 (KIC)를 사용하여 고찰하였다. 개시제로서 benzyl- quinoxalinium hexafluoroantimonate (BQH)을 사용하였으며, 함량은 0.5, 1, 2, 그리고 3 phr로 변화시켰다. NIRS 측정에 의해 BQH의 함량이 증가할수록 EB 경화된 에폭시 수지의 수산화기가 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 열안정성과 $K_{IC}$는 BQH 함량이 증가할수록 증가하다가 함량이 2 phr을 넘으면 감소함을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과들은 에폭시 수지의 경화반응 전환율과 경화도의 감소로 설명될 수 있었다. 다시 말하면, BQH의 함량이 2 phr 이상이 되면 에폭시 수지의 경화반응 전환율과 경화도가 높은 반응성에 기인한 불완전한 네트워크 구조로 인해서 제한되기 때문에 열안정성과 $K_{IC}$가 낮아진다고 생각된다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2002년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.65-65
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• 2002

In remote sensing, images are acquired over the same area by sensors of different spectral ranges (from the visible to the microwave) and/or with different number, position, and width of spectral bands. These images are generally partially redundant, as they represent the same scene, and partially complementary. For many applications of image classification, the information provided by a single sensor is often incomplete or imprecise resulting in misclassification. Fusion with redundant data can draw more consistent inferences for the interpretation of the scene, and can then improve classification accuracy. The common approach to the classification of multisensor data as a data fusion scheme at pixel level is to concatenate the data into one vector as if they were measurements from a single sensor. The multiband data acquired by a single multispectral sensor or by two or more different sensors are not completely independent, and a certain degree of informative overlap may exist between the observation spaces of the different bands. This dependence may make the data less informative and should be properly modeled in the analysis so that its effect can be eliminated. For modeling and eliminating the effect of such dependence, this study employs a strategy using self and conditional information variation measures. The self information variation reflects the self certainty of the individual bands, while the conditional information variation reflects the degree of dependence of the different bands. One data set might be very less reliable than others in the analysis and even exacerbate the classification results. The unreliable data set should be excluded in the analysis. To account for this, the self information variation is utilized to measure the degrees of reliability. The team of positively dependent bands can gather more information jointly than the team of independent ones. But, when bands are negatively dependent, the combined analysis of these bands may give worse information. Using the conditional information variation measure, the multiband data are split into two or more subsets according the dependence between the bands. Each subsets are classified separately, and a data fusion scheme at decision level is applied to integrate the individual classification results. In this study. a two-level algorithm using hierarchical clustering procedure is used for unsupervised image classification. Hierarchical clustering algorithm is based on similarity measures between all pairs of candidates being considered for merging. In the first level, the image is partitioned as any number of regions which are sets of spatially contiguous pixels so that no union of adjacent regions is statistically uniform. The regions resulted from the low level are clustered into a parsimonious number of groups according to their statistical characteristics. The algorithm has been applied to satellite multispectral data and airbone SAR data.