• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.493-505
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to examine the regional differences of 0-12 aged children's environment based on their parents' socioeconomic class and on the character of the settlement. One thousand and two hundred households were investigated and the results are as follows. It is revealed that families in low socio-economic class are more likely to be exposed to noise and home crowdedness. Families living in spontaneous settlement are deprived of natural light and the roads to their homes are steep and narrow. Low income families face a housing affordability crisis. Most of them pay housing rent on monthly basis. The basic infrastructure of low income neighborhood is lacking convenient facilities like shopping centers, public transportation systems, banks, public parks, and libraries. This lack of facilities is more severe in spontaneous settlement. Instead, bars and taverns are located in their neighborhood. Accessibility to parks and resource centers is an important factor that makes both middle and low income families consider their neighborhood to be positive and this condition is counted better in social housing area than in spontaneous settlement. On the contrary, social networks like friends and relatives are strong in spontaneous settlement and families in poverty value these relationships. Such networks are weak in social housing area and this difference is not related to their residential period. Low income families living in social housing area are more pessimistic about their future and this view might result from their counterpart middle class neighbors and the weak social networks.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.93-129
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• 2013

본 논문은 기혼여성의 취업으로 인해 발생된 소비패턴의 변화와 그로 인해 야기되는 산업별 산출액의 변화 및 노동수요 파생효과를 추정하였다. 분석 결과, 맞벌이가구 증가에 따라 교통비와 교육비, 외식비, 가사서비스 등의 소비가 증가하였다. 이러한 소비패턴 변화로 인해 교육 및 보건업, 음식 숙박업 등 시장서비스업의 노동수요 증가가 야기되었다. 특히 고학력 및 중산층 이상의 기혼여성의 취업 시 취업유발효과가 높았으며, 그로 인해 저숙련 업종의 노동수요를 파생시킬 것으로 추정된다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2002

This study aimed to examine the needs for the planning of group homes for the elderly with dementia in lower income class, who have more economic burden on the caring the demented aged. The survey was conducted by questionnaires collected from 300 respondents from December 2000 to March 2001. Methods of analysis were frequency distribution, mean and chi-square test. The results of this study were as follows: 1) The respondents perceived that the responsibility to take care of the elderly with dementia belonged to their family, not to society or the government, and the sons and daughters had to share the burden placed on care-givers. 2) The awareness of group homes for dementia was relatively low. 3) The respondents' needs for the group homes with dementia could be summarized as follows; small scale plan with homelike atmosphere, a total of 6-8 residents, structural type of detached house or three-storied town house, 2-3 persons per individual room, and management system by non-profit organization or the government. There were no big differences between the respondents of this study and upper and middle class studies conducted by other research, except for some details. Referring to results of this study, it is asserted that group homes for the elderly with dementia would be embraced throughout the country if poetical assistance combined with economic support were provided.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.109-122
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• 1988

This study attempts to analyse the food consumption expenditure patterns of wage-Earner's Households n terms of the changes in income during 1975∼1985. For the purpose of these time-series analysis and cross-section analysis, household survey data 'Annual Report on the Family Income and Expenditure Survey'- was used. The main results can be summarized as follows : 1. The proportion of the food expenditures has decreased with the increased of income in the city families during 1975∼1985. The Income-Elasticity and limit spending habits has decreased with the increase of income in the city families during 1975∼1985. 2. Analyzing the structure of the food consumption of each income class, the results reflected the Engel's law. That is to say, the higher income was, the more absolute expense for food was, but the rate of it was.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2004

This study is to examine relationships of several socioeconomic position indicators with mortality risk in a nationwide longitudinal study of South Korea. The Korea Labor & Income Panel Study, conducted on a probability sample of urban South Korean households by Korea Labor Institute, contains date of death information for the decedents which were used to estimate relative risks of mortality and their $95\%$ confidence intervals (CI) with Cox regression analysis. A total of 125 men and women among 8,415 subjects died between 1998 and 2002. Socioeconomic differentials in mortality were observed after adjustment for sex and age. Those with less than 12-year education had 1.90 times $(95\%\;CI=1.25-2.91)$ greater mortality risk than those with 12-year education or more. Greater mortality risks were also found among those with low occupational class and manual occupation. The magnitude of differentials in mortality risks between occupational class were similar in two different approaches to measuring women's occupational class: (1) approach 1 where women, married or not, retain their own occupational class, and (2) approach 2 where married women are assigned their husbands' occupational class. Relative risks of dying among those with low household Income were 1.62 $(95\%\; CI=1.08-2.42)$ compared with the counterparts. Those who reported economic hardship at the time of survey in 1998 had greater risk of mortality $(RR=1.83,\;95\%\;CI=1.21-2.78)$ than those who did not. In conclusion, increased social discourse and policy discussions about these health inequalities are needed in Korean society. Future studies should explore the causes and mechanisms of socioeconomic mortality inequalities.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권8호
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• pp.217-227
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• 2021

This paper aims to investigate factors affecting museum visits of young people in Vietnam by sending questionnaires to 2106 young people aged between 14-30 in Vietnam. With the support of SPSS version 2016 and STATA version 22, this paper illustrates that the empirical findings are appropriate with previous literature reviews. Research hypotheses such as learning purposes, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and museum architecture are significantly and positively correlated with museum visits measured through customer visiting intention, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. Furthermore, males have a stronger interest in visiting the museum but a low re-visit intention than females. People with a higher level of education and higher income are also more likely to visit the museum than those with a lower level of education and income. Finally, the research results suggest that the family class and the orientation of parents play an important role in encouraging children to increase museum visiting intention; however, children of high-class families are less likely to have a high intention, satisfaction, and loyalty toward museum visitation than children of lower-class families.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.177-191
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• 1992

This study investigated how different relationships the family has with its social networks by social class. Among research families' primary social networks, the wife's relatives are the most, the neighbor the second, the husband's relative the third, and the church (or other religious groups) the fourth. Social class does not make any difference in what social network is the family's primary social network. When the husband or the wife participates in a social network, he or she tends to participate alone without his or her spouse. When the husband's educational level is high, the wife tends to participate in her alumni association alone. When the husband is in a professional or a white-collar occupation, he is likely to socialize with his work associates alone. On the contrary, when the family income gets high, the husband tends to bring his wife to his alumni association. When looking for a job, most husbands and wives do not resort to a social network for help. Lower-class people are more likely to obtain jobs through their social networks compared to higher-class people. That is, the lower one's educational levle, one's occupational status, or the family income is, the more likely one gets help from some social networks in searching jobs.

• 융합경영연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.65-76
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• 2023

Purpose: It suggests that in order to compare economic development between large cities, this paper aims to exclude factors such as GDP, trade, manpower, R&D, then present newly an analysis of others (inflation, exports, middle-class, competitiveness, digital). Research design, data, and methodology: In the period of rapid digitalization of the world, we would like to deal with different analysis factors than before. This is because digitalization and prices have the greatest impact on the region in terms of national competitiveness. Random sampling was used as the sample size of this study to generate various values for the annual income of the middle class and the competitiveness index, and the analysis method was used. This is because the income of the middle class can lead the digitalization of the country and accelerate it to standardization. Results: Based on these analysis, it is necessary to reduce the inflation rate of digitalization, it is necessary to lower inflation rates. This can be more fundamental than interest rates. If the demand for digitalization is reduced, national competitiveness, national competitiveness will lower national competitiveness. By building a hub for middle class, you can reduce this inflation rate without China's oversupply. Conclusion: This is because it is difficult to maintain competitiveness through interest rate control, as prices rise, and inflation can become unstable. This study can seek digital acceptance by the middle class as a solution to problems like the regional economic confrontation of new globalization inflation environment.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.87-114
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• 2009

기존 소득불평등 관련 연구에서 여성은 '동질적인 집단'으로 간주되어 여성의 특성들이 보다 다양화되고 이질화되는 최근의 경향을 반영하고 있지 못한 한계를 갖고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 1997년부터 2005년까지 9년 간 여성의 소득불평등 추이와 원인을 규명하고자 하였다. 1997년 외환위기 이후 여성의 소득불평등도는 다소 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며 이러한 감소추이는 주로 중산계층 여성의 소득하락과 저소득층 여성의 소득증가에 기인하는 것으로 나타났다. 소득불평등의 원인으로는 학력 및 연령, 혼인상태 등이 미치는 상대적 영향력이 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 여성의 노동시장 참여율이 지속적으로 증가해 왔음에도 불구하고 여성 내 경제적 지위의 차이는 노동시장 특성보다 연령, 학력 등 개인적 특성과 혼인상태 등의 가구특성의 영향을 보다 많이 받는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국인구학
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.89-109
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• 2006

‘중산층’은 경제적 요소뿐만 아니라 생활기회, 교육수준, 직업적 지위 등 비경제적인 요소를 포함하는 계층범주이다. 중산층의 객관적 판별기준으로는 화이트칼라와 구중간계급 계층, 2년제 대학이상의 교육수준, 월평균 300만원 이상의 소득, 30평 이상의 주택 거주 등이 있다. 주관적 측면에서의 중산층은 중간계층 귀속의식과 중산층 귀속의식으로 측정될 수 있다. 이 연구에서 객관적 기준으로 측정힌 중산층 규모는 약 66.9%로 2000년 전후의 다른 조사와 비교해 최근 중산층이 크게 감소했다는 증거는 없다. 주관적 지표로는 중간계층 귀속의식이 약 74%, 중산층 귀속의식이 약 20%로 나타나, 과거 다른 조사에 비해 다소 낮았다. 중산층 귀속 여부를 종속변수, 객관적 지표 및 주관적 지표를 독립변수로 한 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 중산층 귀속의식은 주택 소유 변수에 의해 매우 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 소득, 교육, 직업 등의 객관적 지표보다는 소득수준과 재산정도에 관한 주관적 평가가 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 사회적 양극화를 극복하고 균형있는 사회를 만들기 위해서는 중산층 규모 확대와 더불어 상대적 박탈감 해소 노력이 요구된다. 그런데 최근 한국사회는 중산층의 확대와 계층 양극화가 동시에 진행되는 것으로 보인다. 이러한 계층의 양극화는 객관적인 조건의 변화보다는 주관적인 인식의 변화를 보여주는 것으로, 중산층에 대한 인식의 기준이 상승하는 동시에 다른 사람이나 집단에 비해 자신이 더 나아지지 못했다는 상대적 박탈감이 작용한 결과로 보인다. 본 연구에 따르면 이러한 양극화의 해소를 위해서는 주택문제의 해결과 아울러 소득 및 재산과 관련하여 사람들이 느끼는 상대적인 박탈감의 해소가 주요한 과제이다.