• Title/Summary/Keyword: incandescent

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Predicting of Ignition Time and Critical Distance for Ignition of Douglas fir by Radiant Heat of Incandescent Lamp (백열전구 복사열에 의한 미송판의 발화 임계거리 및 발화시간 예측)

  • Lee, Heung-Su;Kim, Doo-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.18-25
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    • 2016
  • The incandescent lamp is an electric light fixture with a tungsten filament heated to a high temperature, by passing an electric current through it, until it glows with visible light. The hot filament is protected from oxidation with a glass bulb that is filled with inert gas. The incandescent lamp has fire risk when combustible materials are close to its glass bulb. Because its lamp has the property which converts 90~95 percents of the electric power to heat energy. 2015 national fire statistics show that fires caused by lighting fixtures were 652 cases, and incandescent lamps(44 cases) and halogen lamps(53 cases) accounted for 15 percents in those of high heating light fixtures. Since incandescent lamp fires account for about 45 percents in the high heating light fixture, we could not overlook the fire risks by the incandescent lamp. Although many studies related with those have been conducted, incandescent lamp fires are continuously occurred. This study was carried out to study the fire risk of ignition of wood due to radiant heat of incandescent lamp. Radiant heat flux of the incandescent lamp was predicted by applying point source model, and critical distance for ignition of wood was calculated by applying integral model. The results from this study could applied to fire prevention activities related to light bulb, and it could be used in fire cause investigations related to radiant heat of incandescent lamp.

Damaged Pattern Analysis of Incandescent Lamp by External Flame (외부 화염에 의한 백열전구의 소손 패턴 분석)

  • Kim, Hyang-Kon;Kim, Dong-Ook;Lee, Ki-Yeon;Choi, Chung-Seog;Choi, Hyo-Sang
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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    • v.57 no.4
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    • pp.451-456
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    • 2008
  • In this paper. we experimented and analyzed about evaporation and breaking process of filament by external flames and adsorption pattern in lamp bulb of evaporated filament particle according to the set-up directions of incandescent lamps. In the results of experiments, we could know that filament evaporation behavior of incandescent lamp that is established by down direction happened most vigorously and is difference in adsorption pattern of filament particle that is vaporized according to set-up directions. Also, glass bulbs were melted and filaments were evaporated by external flames, and finally molten marks were discriminated. We expect that become important data that this study finding reveals burnout cause of incandescent lamp in scene of a fire.

Transmittance Characteristics by candlepower of Incandescent Lamp (백열등의 광력에 따른 수중 투과특성)

  • 박성욱;배봉성;안희춘;이정우;서두옥
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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    • v.38 no.4
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    • pp.293-299
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    • 2002
  • The anchovy scoop net fishery is one of the important in the South sea and coastal of Jeju of Korea. They are using incandescent lamp as a fishing lamp at night to gather anchovy shoals in the water surface. Fishing lamp (AC 100 V 500 W$\times$2~3 or AC 100 V 1 ㎾$\times$1) was installed at 1 m ahead of the prow and 1.5 m height from the water surface. The fishing lamp let anchovy shoals rise to the water surface and are attracted to bag net. On this study, the distribution of submarine illumination of 1㎾ and 2 ㎾ incandescent lamp were analyzed and discussed to investigate the ability of fishing lamp which can gather anchovy shoals effectively. The submarine illumination of incandescent lamp showed peak in wave length 690 nm. The relationship between submarine illumination (L) and water depth (Z) of 1 ㎾ and 2 ㎾ incandescent lamp in vertical light is 1 ㎾ : L = 3851. 9 $e^{-1.4587Z}$ $R^2$=0.9952 2 ㎾ : L= 8211.9 $e^{-1.2852Z}$ $R^2$=0.9977 The submarine illumination of 2 ㎾ incandescent lamp of 0~4 m layers appeared to be 3 to 4 times higher than 1 ㎾ incandescent lamp, and in more deep layers than 6 m appeared to be equal value of each lamp. The light of incandescent lamp (1 ㎾) pass through much better into vertical direction than horizontal, and submarine illumination of 20 m layers was 1.0 l$\chi$. Therefore, fishing lamp power is thought that 1 ㎾ incandescent lamp is more efficient than 2 ㎾ to gather anchovy shoals in depth of 15~20 m to water surface.

Illuminating Characteristics of an Incandescent Lamp (전조용 백열등의 조도 특성)

  • 김태한;이경진;이정택
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.25-32
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    • 2000
  • Motivated by the need for developing the more efficient lighting system for light culture in the greenhouses, this paper aims to predict the illumination of incandescent lamp according to various levels of lighting and various kinds of the lamp. The results obtained in this experiment are summarized as follows. 1. The general equation to predict the illumination according to the kind of incandescent lamp and the installation height was suggested as {{{{y= { a + bx+ cx^2} over { 1+dx+ex^2~ + fx^3} [lx]}}}} , where , a, b, c , d, e and of were arbitrary constants. 2. Maximum illumination of hat-covered lamp of 60 W was 1.2 -1.5 times as many as uncovered lamp. 3. Maximum illumination of yellow color painted lamp of 100 W was 1.3 times as many as unpainted lamp.

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A Comparative Study on the Luminous Flux by Degree of Non-directional LED Lamps and Incandescent lamp (확산형 LED램프와 백열램프의 각도별 광속에 관한 비교연구)

  • Park, Chang-Yong;Seo, Jeong-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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    • v.28 no.8
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    • pp.32-39
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    • 2014
  • In general, non-directional LED lamps including high transmittance cover are more advantageous than directional LED lamps, which are efficient enough to improve luminous efficacy and obtain certification, allowing wide manufacture, sale, and distribution. Although KS C 7651(Self-ballasted LED lamps-Safety and performance requirements) was revised in July 2013, however, many companies are having a lot of difficulties in keeping the certification and product development for the lack of the photometric analysis for non-directional LED lamps. In this paper, through the measurement of the angular distribution of luminous flux of incandescent lamp and non-directional LED lamps, we examined the reasonability of non-directional LED lamps' standards as suggested in KS C 7651. According to the results, even if non-directional LED lamps satisfy KS C 7651, when compared to an incandescent lamp, they showed less diffusive than the incandescent lamp and the distribution of the luminous flux depending on the angle fluctuated greatly even among LED lamps. Judging by the result, the current standard of the non-directional LED lamps, KS C 7651, has been comprehended that the angular distribution of the luminous flux needs to be presented after being much more thoroughly standardized.

Study on the Fire Investigation by Damaged Pattern Analysis of Incandescent Lamps (백열전구의 소손 패턴 분석을 통한 화재조사 연구)

  • Kim, Hyang-Kon;Kim, Dong-Woo;Moon, Hyun-Wook;Choi, Chung-Seog;Choi, Hyo-Sang
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.22-28
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    • 2008
  • In this paper, we conducted experiments on damaged patterns of incandescent lamps by external stress, such as external flame or external impact. Glass bulbs were melted and filaments were evaporated by external flame when the bulbs were lit, and finally molten marks were recognized at the filaments. Also, there were some differences in absorption patterns of evaporated filament elements according to set-up directions, and evaporated filament elements were absorbed in lead-in wires, support, inside of glass. In case the bulbs were lit and they were damaged by external impacts, filament burned out. Filaments were not evaporated but melted. We expect that this results could be used to judge whether electric current flew through incandescent lamps or not in fire site.

A Growth Responses of Indoor Ground Cover Plants according to a Light Source of Aritificial Light (인공광의 광원에 따른 실내 지피식물의 생육반응)

  • 방광자;박혜경;최경옥
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.27 no.5
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    • pp.114-119
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    • 2000
  • This study was carried out to obtain fundamental information of growth response of ground cover plants under artificial light quality at indoor. Aglaonema 'Silver Queen', Hedera helix L., Hoya carnosa 'Tricolor' and Saintpaulia ionantha 'Frances' were examined under a 400lux light intensity consisted of Mercury lamp, True-lite lamp, incandescent lamp, dark-room and sunlight indoor condition. A data analysis were performed by GLM, Duncan's multiple range test and mean score with SAS program. Results of experiments are as follows; 1. A plant growth status was better showed under the True-lite lamp than sunlight. 2. A Saintpaulia ionantha flower color was responded in the first place, the deep pinkish red color of Saintpaulia ionantha flower was obtained under Mercury lamp and "True-lite lamp", "sunlight", and incandescent lamp were follow. Flower numbers of Saintpaulia ionantha after 60 days tended to decrease under every artificial light quality. 3. Leaf length and leaf width were increased under True-lite lamp, but most of plants was not significantly affected by artificial light quality. 4. A stem length of Hedera helix was increased the highest rank under sunlight also, one of artificial light, the highest increase rank was showed under incandescent lamp. 5. Chlorophyll content was highly increased under Mercury lamp, but was responded poor under incandescent lamp.

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A Study on Fire Analysis According to Temperature Characteristics of an Incandescent Electric Lamp at 220V/100W (220V/100W 백열전구의 온도특성에 따른 화재분석에 관한 연구)

  • Shong, Kil-Mok;Han, Woon-Ki;Kim, Young-Seok;Choi, Chung-Seog
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.20 no.1 s.61
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    • pp.43-49
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    • 2006
  • In this paper, we are studied on the temperature characteristics and fire progress of an incandescent electric lamp at 220V/100W. In the case of stationary state, the ignition possibility of the incandescent electric lamp due to the heat generation was low because the temperature was measured at $161.9^{\circ}C$ the temperature was increased at $538.1^{\circ}C$ in the airtight chamber, but it does not generated the fire because the oxygen was not exist in the airtight chamber. When the lamp is broken, the filament of lamp was melted in the air. The gas of lamp interior spurted to the weakest part by external flame. Thus, the incandescent electric lamp is high possibility of fire when oxygens from airtight space. Also, it is known that the possibility of ignition is very high if combustion materials(sawdust) exists on surrounding. These experimental results will be utilized for the data in the investigation electrical fire cause.

An Accelerated Life Test for Burnout of Tungsten Filament of Incandescent Lamp (텅스텐 백열전구의 필라멘트 단선에 대한 가속수명시험)

  • 이재국;김진우;신재철;김명수
    • Proceedings of the Korean Reliability Society Conference
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    • 2004.07a
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    • pp.129-137
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    • 2004
  • This paper presents an accelerated life test for burnout of tungsten filament of incandescent lamp. From failure analyses of field samples, it is shown that their root causes are local heating or hot sports in the filament caused by tungsten evaporation and wire sag. Finite element analysis is performed to evaluate the effect of vibration and impact for burnout, but any points of stress concentration or structural weakness are not found in the sample. To estimate the burnout life of lamp, an accelerated life test is planned by using quality function deployment and fractional factorial design, where voltage, vibration, and temperature are selected as accelerating variables. We assumed that Weibull lifetime distribution and a generalized linear model of life-stress relationship hold through goodness of fit test and test for common shape parameter of the distribution. Using accelerated life testing software, we estimated the common shape parameter of Weibull distribution, life-stress relationship, and accelerating factor.

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A STUDY OH THE VARIATION OF INCANDESCENT LAMP CHARACTERISTICS BY MEANS OF THE SHAPE OF FILAMENT (필라멘트의 형상에 따른 백열전구 특성변화에 관한 연구)

  • Chee, Chol-Kon;Hoon, Seok-Chan
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 1987.11a
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    • pp.263-266
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    • 1987
  • Generally an incandescent lamp is made in the bulb with a horizontal position filament. In this paper the position of filament was changed Into a vortical position. When the position of filament is changed into a vertical position, efficacy is increased and color rendering is somewhat improved. In this subject the heat loss by a filling gas is important. The heat loss by a filling gas was calculated theoretically. The results in an Incandescent lamp experiment can be analyzed through the heat loss by a filling gas. As a filling gas the mixture of argon and nitrogen is used. The variation of lamp characteristics by the shape of filament rill be considered. The change by filament position to a vortical position is required in the field of power consumption saving of lighting system.

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