• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.469-476
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• 1997

본 연구는 한글 전용과 한자 혼용이 글의 이해 속도, 이해 정도, 내용의 기억에 어떤 영향을 미치는 가를 조사하기 위해 실시되었다. 한글 전용론과 한자 혼용론은 각각 나름대로의 논리를 가지고 서로 논쟁을 펼쳐왔다. 먼저 한글전용론의 주장을 살펴보면, 한자는 배우기 어렵고 쓰기도 불편해 쉽게 익힐 수 있는 한글을 사용해야 하며, 한자를 사용함으로 인해서 순 우리말의 발전이 방해를 받고, 글자 생활의 기계화와 출판 문화의 발달에 있어 한자는 이것을 어렵게 한다는 것이다. 반면에, 한자혼용론의 주장에 따르면, 한자말은 한자로 적을 때 그 의미의 파악이 빠르고 정확하고, 우리말 어휘의 절반 이상을 한자어가 차지하고 있으므로 한자를 가르치는 것이 국어교육의 지름길이고, 우리말에는 동음이의어가 많아서 한글로만 적을 경우 그 뜻을 식별하기 어렵고, 한자는 각 글자가 모두 뜻을 가지고 있으므로, 각각을 조합하여 새로운 의미의 단어를 쉽게 만들 수 있음은 물론이고 한글로 쓸 경우 길게 쓰여져야만 하는 것을 짧게 쓸 수 있다는 장점을 가지고 있으며, 한자를 쓰지 않으면 우리의 전통 문화를 이어 받을 수 없으며 한자를 공통으로 쓰고 있는 동양문화권에서도 고립을 초래할 수 있다는 것이다. 이렇게 한글전용과 한자혼용에 대한 의견이 다양한 만큼 우리나라의 한자에 대한 정책도 그 갈피를 잡지 못하고 계속 바뀌어 왔다. 독립이후 정부에서는 법령과 훈령 등으로 모든 공문서에서의 한자사용을 금지하고 일반 사회의 문자 생활에도 한글을 전용할 것을 권고하지만 이 지침은 결국 공문서에만 한정되어 왔고 후에는 이것조차도 유명무실해졌다. 또한 중고등학교의 한자교육 정책도 수차례 변화되어 한글만을 배운 세대가 사회에 나와 여전히 한자가 사용되고 있어 적응에 문제점을 가지기도 하였다. 본 연구에서는 그 동안 계속되어 온 한글과 한잔의 사용에 관한 논쟁을 언어심리학적인 연구 방법을 통해 조사하였다. 즉, 글을 읽는 속도, 글의 의미를 얼마나 정확하게 이해했는지, 어느 것이 더 기억에 오래 남는지를 측정하여 어느 쪽의 입장이 옮은 지를 판단하는 것이다. 실험 결과는 문장을 읽는 시간에서는 한글 전용문인 경우에 월등히 빨랐다. 그러나. 내용에 대한 기억 검사에서는 국한 혼용 조건에서 더 우수하였다. 반면에, 이해력 검사에서는 천장 효과(Ceiling effect)로 두 조건간에 차이가 없었다. 따라서, 본 실험 결과에 따르면, 글의 읽기 속도가 중요한 문서에서는 한글 전용이 좋은 반면에 글의 내용 기억이 강조되는 경우에는 한자를 혼용하는 것이 더 효율적이다.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.427-441
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• 1998

The present study tested the hypothesis that adolescents' performance on scientific reasoning tasks and their ability to change theoretical concepts during instruction are mediated by prefrontal-cognitive functions, such as planning and inhibiting. Subjects sampled from four Korean secondary schools were administered a test of scientific reasoning ability and tests of the prefrontal lobe functions. A series of lessons on theoretical concepts was also administered. Subjects' performance on the test of scientific reasoning and pre- to posttest gains in the concept test were used as dependent variables. This study found that students' planning and inhibiting abilities were highly correlated with and they significantly predicted their scientific reasoning ability and conceptual gains. Further, principal component analysis showed prefrontal lobe functions were categorized into two main components. Component 1, which was loaded by planning and working memory functions, was termed as the representing process. Component 2, which was loaded primarily by the inhibiting functions, was termed as the inhibiting process. Scientific reasoning and conceptual change were also linked to these two components, indicating that these cognitive processes are mediated by both representing and inhibiting processes.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.129-136
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• 2004

In this paper, we proposed quad variable rates ADPCM coding method for efficient speech transmission and real time porcessing is implemented on TMS320C6711-DSP. The modified ADPCM with four variable coding rates, 16[kbps], 24[kbps], 32[kbps] and 40[kbps] are used for speech window samples for good quality speech transmission at a small data bits and real time encoding and decoding is implemented using DSP. ZCR is used to identify the influence of the noise on the speech signal and to decide the rate change threshold. For noise superior signals, low coding rates are applied to minimize data bit and for noise inferior signals, high coding rates are applied to enhance the speech quality. In most speech telecommunications, silent period takes more than half of the signals, speech quality close to 40[kbps] can be obtained at comparabley low data bits and this is shown by simulation and experiments. TMS320C6711-DSK board has 128K flash memory and performance of 1333MIPS and has meets the requirements for real time implementation of proposed coding algorithm.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.358-367
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• 2013

In the present paper, we apply a porous modelling technique to accurately predict the pressure drop through the strainer by replacing all or some of the filter composed of perforated plates with porous media and there imposing the streamwise and transverse loss coefficients required according to the Forchheimer law and then confirm its effectiveness. At first, the streamwise coefficient is obtained by performing a simple simulation on the pipe flow mimicking the hole flow. Subsequently, the transverse coefficient is obtained by setting a unit pattern to have common flow loss characteristics with the repeated shape patterns in the filter, then performing numerical simulations on the prototype and porous model of the unit shape pattern, and finally comparing their results of pressure drop. To validate the applied modeling technique, we perform the numerical simulation with the two specified loss coefficients on a whole shape of strainer and compare the modeling results with those of the corresponding prototype numerical simulation. Comparison indicates that the modeling technique can predict the pressure drop and flow characteristics comparatively accurately and save the number of nodes closely related to the computational cost (CPU and memory) by about 3~4 times compared with the prototype simulation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.597-604
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• 2016

A parallel algorithm of bi-conjugate gradient method was developed based on CUDA for parallel computation of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The governing equations were discretized using splitting P2P1 finite element method. Asymmetric stenotic flow problem was solved to validate the proposed algorithm, and then the parallel performance of the GPU was examined by measuring the elapsed times. Further, the GPU performance for sparse matrix-vector multiplication was also investigated with a matrix of fluid-structure interaction problem. A kernel was generated to simultaneously compute the inner product of each row of sparse matrix and a vector. In addition, the kernel was optimized to improve the performance by using both parallel reduction and memory coalescing. In the kernel construction, the effect of warp on the parallel performance of the present CUDA was also examined. The present GPU computation was more than 7 times faster than the single CPU by double precision.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.11-26
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• 2018

Objective : This case study was to verify effects of cognitive rehabilitation and swallowing rehabilitation on Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury patient by Suicidal Attempt. Methods : The subject was a 32-year old Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury patient by suicidal attempt. He received treatment once a day five times a week, for a half an hour for each session from September 8th to December 16th, 2016. Treatment were cognitive and swallowing rehabilitation. He was assessed based on Mini-Mental State Examination-Korean (MMSE-K), Korean-Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI), Computerized Neurocognitive Function Test (CNT), Videofluoroscopic Dysphagia Scale (VDS), American Speech-Language-Hearing Association National Outcomes Measurements System (ASHA-NOMS). Results : The patient's total MMSE-K score increased from 25 to 27. His K-MBI score increased from 74 to 88. His memory, attention span, and executive function (DST, VST, SWCT, WCST) by CNT scores were improved. VDS score has no changes to 34, 44.5 and 34. ASHA-NOMS score also has no change to 6, 2 and 6. Conclusion : The study showed that the application of the treatment of cognitive and swallowing in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury patient by suicidal attempt results has positive effects on cognitive functions, and swallowing function.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.183-187
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• 2017

Smart phone users prefer fast reading and texting. Hence, users frequently use abbreviated sequences of words and phrases. Nowadays, abbreviations are widely used from chat terms to technical terms. Therefore, gathering abbreviations would be helpful to many services, including information retrieval, recommendation system, and so on. However, manually gathering abbreviations needs to much effort and cost. This is because new abbreviations are continuously generated whenever a new material such as a TV program or a phenomenon is made. Thus it is required to generate of abbreviations automatically. To generate Korean abbreviations, the existing methods use the rule-based approach. The rule-based approach has limitations, in that it is unable to generate irregular abbreviations. Another problem is to decide the correct abbreviation among candidate abbreviations generated rules. To address the limitations, we propose a method of generating Korean abbreviations automatically using sequence-to-sequence learning in this paper. The sequence-to-sequence learning can generate irregular abbreviation and does not lead to the problem of deciding correct abbreviation among candidate abbreviations. Accordingly, it is suitable for generating Korean abbreviations. To evaluate the proposed method, we use dataset of two type. As experimental results, we prove that our method is effective for irregular abbreviations.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.734-745
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• 2006

This paper presents a PC cluster-based distributed VOD server that minimizes the load of an interconnection network by adopting the VIA communication protocol and the interval cache algorithm. Video data is distributed to the disks of the distributed VOD server and each server node receives the data through the interconnection network and sends it to clients. The load of the interconnection network increases because of the large amount of video data transferred. This paper developed a distributed VOD file system, which is based on VIA, to minimize cost using interconnection network when accessing remote disks. VIA is a user-level communication protocol removing the overhead of TCP/IP. This papers also improved the performance of the interconnection network by expanding the maximum transfer size of VIA. In addition, the interval cache reduces traffic on the interconnection network by caching, in main memory, the video data transferred from disks of remote server nodes. Experiments using the distributed VOD server of this paper showed a maximum performance improvement of 21.3% compared with a distributed VOD server without VIA and the interval cache, when used with a four-node PC cluster.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.29-44
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• 2015

Digital Signage, a way of advertising or delivering information to viewers through digital displays, has expanded from being just an advertising channel in public places. Recently, it has become widely prevalent in restaurants and retail stores. Despite its wide expansion, digital signage is limited to specific usages and services and the devices it uses are also quite expensive. This study introduces a stick-type digital signage product that operates on Android OS, which addresses all the weaknesses of digital signage with much more reasonable pricing and stable operation. For stability, performance tests were executed on the hardware and applications. The results for hardware performance were extremely promising, as each scenario's maximum performance results, measured by Load Runner programs, reached target indexes. Also, as a result of the usability test, all participants, including non-digital signage system users (novices), were able to easily learn all the tasks. As a result of user satisfaction survey, positive responses were exhibited for ease of learning and usability (LEU), helpfulness and problem solving capabilities (HPSC), affective aspect and multimedia properties (AAMP), commands and minimal memory load (CMML), and control and efficiency (CE).

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.1127-1134
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• 2000

$RuO_2$ thin films are prepared by RP magnetron reactive sputtering and their characteristics of crystalliBation,microstructure, surface roughness and resistivity are studied with various O2/(Ar+O2)ratios and substrate temperatures. As O2/(Ar+O2) ratio decreases and substrate temperature increases, the preferred growing plane of$RuO_2$ thin films are changed from (110) to (101) plane. With increase of the 021(Ar+O2) ratio from 2075 to 50%, the surface roughness and the resistivity of $RuO_2$ thin films increase from 2.38nm to 7.81nm, and from $103.6 \mu\Omega-cm\; to \; 227 \mu\Omega-cm$, respectively, but the deposition rate decreases from 47nm/min to 17nm/min. On the other hand, as the substrate temperature increases from room temperature to$500^{\circ}C$, resistivity decreases from $210.5 \mu\Omega-cm\; to \; 93.7\mu\Omega-cm$. $RuO_2$ thin film deposited at $300^{\circ}C$ shows a excellent surface roughness of 2.38 m. As the annealing temperature increases in the range between $400^{\circ}C$ and $650^{\circ}C$, the resistivity decreases because of the improvement of crystallinity. We find that RuO$_2$ thin film deposited at 20% of 02/(Ar+O2) ratio and $300^{\circ}C$ of substrate temperature shows excellent combination of surface smoothness and low resistivity so that it is well qualified for bottom electrode for ferroelectric thin films.