• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.50
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• pp.127-136
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• 2023

Water scarcity decreases the rate of photosynthesis and, consequently, the yield of banana plants (Musa spp). In this study, transcriptome analysis was performed to identify photosynthesis-related genes in banana plants and determine their expression profiles under water stress conditions. Banana plantlets were in vitro cultured on Murashige and Skoog agar medium with and without 10% polyethylene glycol and marked as BP10 and BK. Chlorophyll contents in the plant shoots were determined spectrophotometrically. Two cDNA libraries generated from BK and BP10 plantlets, respectively, were used as the reference for transcriptome data. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) and visualized using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway prediction. Morphological observations indicated that water deficiency caused chlorosis and reduced the shoot chlorophyll content of banana plantlets. GO enrichment identified 52 photosynthesis-related genes that were affected by water stress. KEGG visualization revealed the pathways related to the 52 photosynthesisr-elated genes and their allocations in four GO terms. Four, 12, 15, and 21 genes were related to chlorophyll biosynthesis, the Calvin cycle, the photosynthetic electron transfer chain, and the light-harvesting complex, respectively. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis using DESeq revealed that 45 genes were down-regulated, whereas seven genes were up-regulated. Four of the down-regulated genes were responsible for chlorophyll biosynthesis and appeared to cause the decrease in the banana leaf chlorophyll content. Among the annotated DEGs, MaPNDO, MaPSAL, and MaFEDA were selected and validated using quantitative real-time PCR.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 1999

The leaf blade-segments of albino tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) were cultured on MS media containing different concentrations of BAP (0, 0.4, 2.2, 4.4, 22.2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) with or without NAA (0, 0.5, 2.7 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$). Multiple shoots were induced on the media containing 0.4 to 2.2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ BAP. The best condition for multiple shoot induction with root formation was MS media containing 4.4 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ BAP and 0.5 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ NAA. The regenerated albino plants showed a significant reduction in accumulation of chlorophylls and carotenoids. The drastic reduction of the pigments content was associated with the distinct alterations in gene expression in the albino plants. firstly, the expression of plastid genes, such as rbcL, psbA, 165 rDNA and 235 rDNA, was reduced at the level of transcripts in the regenerated albino plants. Secondly, the alteration of structure of the plastid genes was not detected in the albino plants. However, the copy number of the plastid genes whose transcription level was reduced greatly was increased approximately two-fold, although the transcriptions of nuclear gene (255 rDNA) showed the wild-type level.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.689-697
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• 2019

This study describes an efficient and widely applicable droplet-vitrification following cryopreservation for shoot tips of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cvs. 'Wonkyo3114' and 'Gurumi40'. The shoot tips were precultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium supplemented with sucrose (0.3-0.5M). Precultured explants were osmoprotected with loading solution (LS, C4) containing 20% glycerol and 20% sucrose for 40 min and exposed to dehydration solution (B5) containing 40% glycerol and 40% sucrose for 40 min at 25℃, Subsequently, the explants were transferred onto droplets containing 2.5 μL PVS3 on sterilized aluminum foils (4 cm × 0.5 cm) prior to direct immersion in liquid nitrogen (LN) for 1 h. The highest regrowth rate (%) in both the cultivars was obtained when the shoot tips were precultured with MS + 0.3M sucrose for 40 h at 25℃. The cryopreserved shoots tips exhibited 55% regrowth rate by culturing in NH₄NO₃-free MS medium supplemented with 3% sucrose, 1.0 g/L casein, 1.0 mg/L GA₃, and 0.5 mg/L BA for 5 weeks and in MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L GA₃ for 8 weeks. This result shows that droplet-vitrification could be employed as a promising method for cryostorage of strawberry germplasm.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2010

The effect of Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) and Rahnella aquatilis Ra39 against apple fire blight disease caused by Erwinia amylovora were tested as a possible alternative to streptomycin. In vitro studies, no inhibition effect against the pathogen was found when ASM was tested. Under greenhouse conditions, application of R. aquatilis Ra39 with the highly susceptible M26 rootstock resulted in a marked disease suppression. Application of ASM and strain Ra39 caused a high decrease of the disease, 82% and 58% respectively; this was correlated with a reduction of the growth of the pathogen within host plants up to 64% and 49.5% respectively. Further studies in the field under artificial infection condition during full bloom revealed that application of ASM and R. aquatilis Ra39 with Gala variety resulted in a control effect up to 21 and 29% respectively. In physiological studies, enhanced activities of PR-proteins (chitinase and $\beta$-1, 3-glucanase) were detected, which are well known as biochemical markers for systemic acquired resistance. Application of ASM to apple shoots caused the highest chitinase activity followed by strain Ra39. The enzyme activity was increased after 2, 4 and 6 days from application. In addition, ASM-treatment caused the higher $\beta$-1, 3-glucanase activity than strain Ra39. Maximum enzyme activity was recorded after 6 days from application and then decreased after 8 and 10 days from application.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.401-408
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• 1984

This study was conducted to determine the optimum concentrations of growth regulators and their responses on the clonal propagation in axillary bud culture. Cultivars, Hongmi and Shinmi, responded differently to the levels of growth regulators, proliferation rate and shoot growth. The shoot and root of Hongmi cultivar in axillary bud culture were conspicuously induced by combination of NAA(0.1mg/l) and Kinetin(1mg/l) while Shinmi cultivar were affected by the single concentration of Kinetin(1mg/l) and BA(0.1mg/l), and also by the combination of NAA(0.1mg/l) and Kinetin(1mg/l). Better shoot growth and root initiation were obtained in the combination of NAA(0.1mg/l) and Kinetin(1mg/l) regardless of cultivars used when 5mm axillary buds were cultured. The shoots regenerated at the high levels of BA(1-5mg/l) were abnormally thicker and narrower leaves than normal plants and short in shoot height. Frequencies of abnormal plants were higher than that of the low level (0.1mg/l) of BA.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.308-314
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted out to investigate the effect of plant growth regulators on callus and shoot formation. The callus formation was effective on 1/2 MS medium containing 2,4-D, while shoot formation was suppressed. Shoot formation and differentiation were the highest in combination 0.1 mg/L of IAA and 0.1 mg/L of BA. The polarity of explants was investigated from cotyledon, which excised 20% of each basal and terminal parts. Formation of shoot was induced from excised ends of the basal part. In excised ends of the basal part, callus was induced vigorously and shoots were produced lately. Root induction was easily achieved in 1/3 MS medium from the adventitious shoot and more than 90% of regenerated plantlets acclimatized successfully and flowered normally.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 1996

This study was conducted to determine the physiological responses of corn plants to chlorsulfuron, CHL, (2-chloro-N-(((4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5- triazin-2-yl)amino)carboxyl) benzenesulfonamide) and/or imazaquin, IMA, (2-(4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2y1)-3-quinoline carboxylic acid). CHL inhibited the plant growth within 6h after treatment, whereas IMA inhibited the growth more slowly(i.e., 36h). CHL inhibited the cell division of the root tips rapidly, however, little effect was found with IMA treatment. Neither CHL nor IMA had effect on the cell elongation of the shoots. CHL inhibited acetolactate synthase(ALS) activity of the roots within 1h after treatment. Interaction between CHL and IMA in growth inhibition was found to be additive or synergistic with simultaneous or sequential treatment of the two herbicides, respectively. In addition, interaction between CHL and IMA in ALS inhibition was found to be additive when the two herbicides were treated simultaneously.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.209-213
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• 2001

Spathiphyllum floribundum cv. Cupid was micropropagated on LS medium containing various growth regulators. Shoot tips were cultured on media with different concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ) or banzyladenine (BA). The medium containing 2.0 mg/L BA was most effective on the shoot multiplication and the formation of adventitious multi-shoot cluster from shoot tips among the different concentrations of TDZ and BA. The combined treatments of BA and paclobutrazol (PBZ) were stimulated the shoot multiplication and the formation of adventitious mu]ti-shoot clusters from shoot tips compared to the ones of BA alone. The adventitious multi-shoot clusters were culled with 5∼7 mm in size and cultured on media with BA or thidiazuron (TDZ). Shoot multiplication and shoot cluster proliferation from the shoot clusters were very favorable on media supplemented with 2.0∼3.0 mg/L BA. The shoots grew and rooted out vigorously on media with 2.0∼3.0 mg/L IBA. The rooted plantlets were acclimatized in the soil mixed with a rate of vermiculite 1 and perlite 1, and survived more than 95% in greenhouse.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.161-170
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• 1998

Antagonistic mode of action of fenoxaprop-P-ethyl [ethyl(R)2-4-{(6-chloro-2-benzoxazolyloxy) phenoxy}propionate] with bentazon was investigated with respect to absorption, translocation, metabolism, and change in target site response of fenoxaprop-P-ethyl using four-leaf stage of rice(Oryza sativa L.) and barnyardgrass [Echinochloa eras-galli (L.) P. Beauv.]. Shoots of rice and barnyardgrass was more sensitive to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl than the roots. More than 90% of fenoxaprop-P-ethyl was absorbed within 6 hours after treatment and 30% of the absorbed was acropetally and basipetally translocated at 24 hours after treatment. Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl was rapidly transformed to its acid form, fenoxaprop(2-[4-(6-chloro-2-benzoxazolyloxy)phenoxy]propionic acid), which was subsequently metabolized to polar conjugates. However, changes in absorption, translocation, and metabolism of fenoxaprop-P-ethyl by bentazon treatment were not found in both species. Background activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase(ACCase) in rice and barnyardgrass was 26.5 and 23.2nmol/min/mg, respectively. Concentration required to inhibit fifty percent enzyme activity$(I_{50})$ in vitro was 6.5~7.4${\mu}M$ of fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and more than 500${\mu}M$ of bentazon. There were no significant differences in $I_{50}$ value between two treatments of fenoxaprop-P-ethyl alone and its bentazon mixture. However, bentazon reduced ACCase activity in vivo and inhibited electron transport in chloroplast thylakoid. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that the antagonistic effect of bentazon occurs due not to direct effect on target site of fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, but to indirect involvement in reducing herbicidal activity of fenoxaprop-P-ethyl through physiological disturbances caused by bentazone at whole chloroplast level.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2009

This study was conducted to examine the effect of plant growth regulators on the formation of adventitious bud callus(ABC) and plant regeneration in shoot tip culture of Zantedeschia spp. 'Florex Gold'. Treatment of $0.1mgL^{-1}\;N$-phenyl-N'-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea(thidiazuron, TDZ) was more promotive for formation of ABC in shoot tip culture than 6-benzylaminopurine(BA) treatment, and short shoots were developed. Comparing to treatment of BA, mixing treatment of BA and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid(NAA) inhibited the formation of ABC and multiple shoot. The proliferation of ABC derived from sections(0.3 cm) of ABC produced by shoot tip culture in medium supplemented with $0.1mgL^{-1}\;TDZ$ was more effective in medium with $0.1mgL^{-1}\;TDZ$ or $2.0mgL^{-1}\;BA$ than the other treatments. The shoot regeneration and growth from sections of ABC was more promotive in treatment of $0.001mgL^{-1}\;TDZ$. Also, the root growth from sections of ABC was better in medium with $0.001mgL^{-1}\;TDZ$ or $0.2mgL^{-1}\;BA$. Consequently, in vitro mass production of Zantedeschia spp. 'Florex Gold' can be obtained via indirect organogenesis through plant regeneration and proliferation of ABC which was derived from shoot tip culture at $0.1mgL^{-1}\;TDZ$.