• 식물병연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.354-360
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• 2012

총 101종의 식물추출물 가운데 약용식물인 천산용(Dioscorea quinqueloba Thunb.) 추출물이 가장 강한 항균활성을 보유한 것으로 나타나 감귤 녹색곰팡이병(Penicillium digitatum) 방제를 위한 실질적인 농업적 현장적용 가능성을 탐색하였다. 선발된 천산용 추출물은 PDA 배지에 0.5 mg/ml을 처리하였을 때, P. digitatum의 균사생장을 87% 억제하였다. 그리고 추출된 항균활성 물질은 pH, 온도, UV에 영향을 받지 않는 매우 안정한 물질임이 확인되었다. 감귤 저장상태 하에서 녹색곰팡이병 방제를 검정한 결과, 자연적인 병발생을 유도한 후 항균활성 물질을 처리하였을 때 0.3 mg/ml에서 완벽하게 병이 방제되었으며 인위적으로 고농도의 P. digitatum을 접종한 경우에도 0.5 mg/ml 농도에서 100%의 방제효과를 보였다. 이 천연 항균물질을 2 mg/ml 농도로 감귤 과실에 처리하여도 약해가 나타나지 않았으므로, 약해가 없고 방제효과가 우수한 이 식물유래 천연물질은 감귤 저장 중에 발생하는 녹색곰팡이병 방제를 위해 추후 매우 효과적인 농업적 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.38-46
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• 2003

Background: Platelet-activating factor (PAF) induces nuclear factor $(NF)-{\kappa}B$ activation and angiogenesis and increases tumor growth and pulmonary tumor metastasis in vivo. The role of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation in PAF-induced angiogenesis in a mouse model of Matrigel implantation, and in PAF-mediated pulmonary tumor metastasis were investigated. Methods: Angiogenesis using Matrigel and experimental pulmonary tumor metastasis were tested in a mouse model. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay was done for the assessment of $NF-{\kappa}B$ translocation to the nucleus. Expression of angiogenic factors, such as tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$, interleukin $(IL)-1{\alpha}$, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were tested by RT-PCR and ELISA. Results: PAF induced a dose- and time-dependent angiogenic response. PAF-induced angiogenesis was significantly blocked by PAF antagonist, CV6209, and inhibitors of $NF-{\kappa}B$ expression or action, including antisense oligonucleotides to p65 subunit of $NF-{\kappa}B$ (p65 AS) and antioxidants such as ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and N-acetyl-L-cysteine. In vitro, PAF activated the transcription factor, $NF-{\kappa}B$ and induced mRNA expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\alpha}$, bFGF, VEGF, and its receptor, KDR. The PAF-induced expression of the above mentioned factors was inhibited by p65 AS or antioxidants. Also, protein synthesis of VEGF was increased by PAF and inhibited by p65 AS or antioxidants. The angiogenic effect of PAF was blocked when anti-VEGF antibodies was treated or antibodies against $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\alpha}$, and bFGF was co-administrated, but not by antibodies against $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\alpha}$, and bFGF each alone. PAF-augmented pulmonary tumor metastasis was inhibited by p65 AS or antioxidants. Conclusion: These data indicate that PAF increases angiogenesis and pulmonary tumor metastasis through $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation and expression of $NF-{\kappa}B$-dependent angiogenic factors.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.204-219
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• 1997

The use of fluoride is one of the most effective methods for caries prevention. Fluoridation of public water supply has been recognized, for many years, as an effective way to reduce dental caries. The fluoride supplement has been recommended when the natural fluoride was unavailable or below the optimal range. However the mechanism of caries prevention by fluoride has not yet been clarified and it is well known that an overdose of fluoride results inacute and chronic toxicity, especially dental fluorosis. Fluoride mouthrinsing solution is widely used in dentistry due to its effectiveness in carrying anticariogenic action. Understanding the effects of fluoride mouthrinsing solution on human gingival fibroblasts will provide the safety rationale for its use during the caries preventive therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of fluoride mouthrinsing solution on the human gingival fibroblast in vitro. The human gingival fibroblasts were cultured from healthy gingiva on the extracted deciduous teeth of children. Cells were inoculated into a 24-well plate with $1{\times}10^4cells/well$ of medium at $37^{\circ}C$, 100% humidity, 5% $CO_2$ incubator for 24 hours. And the cells were counted by using the hemocytometer at each designed study. Human gingival fibroblasts were cultured in growth medium after one minute application range of 0.02%-0.2% NaF solution and 0.1% $SnF_2$ solution. The cells used in this study were between fifth to eighth passage number. The cell morphology was examined by inverted microscope and cell proliferation was measured by incorporating $[^3H]$-thymidine into DNA. DNA synthesis by human gingival fibroblasts was assessed by $[^3H]$-thymidine uptake assays while the cell activity was measured by MTT assay. Each concentrated fluoride mouthrinsing solution was estimated for its biocompatability with fibroblasts by the tissue culture technique. The results of this study were as follows : 1. It was observed that at 0.05%, 0.2% NaF mouthrinsing solution the cytoplasmic processes became globular. When 0.1% $SnF_2$ mouthrinsing solution was applied, the cytoplasmic process and cell morphology were disappeared. 2. DNA synthetic activity was reduced regardless of the concentration of the fluoride mouthrinsing solution. However, the result is statistically insignificant except 0.1% $SnF_2$ mouthrinsing solution(p<0.05). 3. Our results indicate that 0.02%, 0.05% concentrations of NaF mouthrinsing solution caused minimal cytotoxicity. But 0.2% NaF and 0.1% $SnF_2$ concentration were a significant difference between the cell activity in the experimental group and control group (p<0.05). 4. After appling 0.05% & 0.02% NaF fluoride mouthrinsing solution, cell activity was restored to the control groups level according to incubating time. The results suggest that direct exposure to fluoride solution inhibits gingival fibroblast activity. Therefore, for the most effective use of fluoride use, lowering the concentration of fluoride mouthrinsing is advisable because it maintains biocompatability and free ion in the oral fluid.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.291-301
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 다양한 MTA 재료(ProRoot MTA, RetroMTA, Endocem Zr)에 대한 유치 치수 세포의 생활력 및 분화능을 비교 평가하는 것이다. 유치 치수세포는 각 재료별로 경화된 원형 디스크를 이용하여 직접법 및 간접법으로 세포 생활력을 관찰하였다. 또한 재료별 추출물을 이용하여 pH를 측정하였으며, alkaline phosphatase(ALP) 활성도 및 Alizarin Red S 염색법을 통하여 세포의 분화능을 관찰하였다. 직접법에서 유치 치수세포는 ProRoot MTA와 RetroMTA에서 Endocem Zr에 비해 높은 세포 생활력을 보였으나, 반면 간접법에서는 Endocem Zr에서 다른 재료에 비해 높은 세포 생활력이 관찰되었다. pH의 경우 Endocem Zr가 다른 두 재료에 비해 낮은 알칼리성을 나타냈다. 모든 재료에서 ALP 활성도는 대조군에 비해 증가하지 않았으며, Alizarin Red S 염색결과 유치 치수세포의 분화능이 대조군에 비해 낮았다. 본 실험에서 재료별 차이는 있었으나 모든 재료에서 어느 정도의 세포 독성이 관찰되었으며, 유치 치수세포의 생활력과 분화능을 증진시키지 못하였다. 하지만 Endocem Zr의 경우 ProRoot MTA나 RetroMTA에 비해 낮은 알칼리성과 높은 생활력을 보였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.618-623
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 서목태를 기본으로 하여 제조된 전통 발효물인 사리장의 항산화 활성 분석 및 comet assay를 이용한 DNA 손상 억제 효과를 분석하고자 하였다. 사리장의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 $1.04{\pm}0.01$ mg GAE/mL로 나타났다. 항산화 활성을 분석한 DPPH 라디칼 소거능 및 TRAP는 농도 의존적으로 활성이 증가하였으며, 각각의 $IC_{50}$은 11.2 mg/mL와 1.2 mM로 나타났다. ORAC 활성 역시 농도 의존적 증가 활성을 나타내었다. 세포의 ROS 소거능(CAC)은 사리장 처리구의 모든 농도(10~100 ${\mu}g/mL$)에서 NC와 동일한 수준의 ROS 억제 활성을 나타내었다. Comet assay를 이용한 DNA 손상 보호 효과는 $H_2O_2$, Fe-NTA 그리고 HNE에 의한 산화적 스트레스에 의한 DNA 손상을 농도 의존적으로 보호하는 것으로 나타났으며, $IC_{50}$은 $H_2O_2$ 처리군이 13.4 ${\mu}g/mL$, Fe-NTA 처리군이 32.2 ${\mu}g/mL$, HNE 처리군이 59.9 ${\mu}g/mL$로 나타났다. 이상의 결과들은 사리장이 항산화 관련 생리활성을 가지는 것으로 판단되며, 향후 사리장에 포함된 생리활성 성분의 탐색과 in vivo 모델을 통한 생리활성 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 보인다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.953-958
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• 2008

The object of this study was to investigate the immune-enhancing effects of Chlorella vulgaris (CV) on a deteriorated immune function by a protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) diet. Unicellular algae, CV were used as a biological response modifier. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed for 15 days with standard diet or a PEM diet, which is associated with decreased host immune defense. After 8 days, mice in the PEM diet group were orally administered by 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 g/kg body weight of CV or distilled water. Nutritional parameters, and interferon (IFN)-$\gamma$ levels were significantly increased in the blood serum of the CV (0.15 g/kg)-treated group (29.6$\pm$2.8 pg/mL) compared to the non-treated PEM group (4.1$\pm$0.4 pg/mL, p<0.05). In addition, cell proliferation and production of cytokines were investigated via a CV (0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/mL) treatment using a human T cell line MOLT-4 cell. The CV treatment (1 mg/mL) significantly increased the production of both IFN-$\gamma$ and interleukin (IL)-2 (51.3$\pm$3.4 and 285.9$\pm$18.8 pg/mL, respectively) compared to the control (51.3$\pm$3.4 and 442.6$\pm$14.3 pg/mL, respectively), but did not affect the production of IL-4. These results suggest that CV may be useful in improving the immune function.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.810-815
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• 2006

본 실험에서는 애기달맞이꽃(Oenothera laciniata Hill)를 80% EtOH로 추출하고 추출물을 극성에 따른 용매 분획을 실시하여 분리된 분획의 총 페놀화합물 함량과 DPPH radical 소거, xanthine oxidase 저해활성, superoxide 소거활성 및 nitric oxide 소거활성 및 세포독성 등의 생리 활성을 측정하였다. 본 연구를 통해 애기달맞이꽃은 산소 유리기의 자유기를 소거할 수 있는 우수한 생리 활성물질을 다수 함유하고 있음을 확인 할 수 있었으며 분획 레벨에서의 활성이 대조구 성분 못지않게 우수하게 나타났다. 또한 총 폴리페놀 함량과 세포독성이 가장 높게 나타난 EtOAc 분획물을 농도별로 HL-60세포에 처리한 결과, 세포성장 억제는 농도 의존적으로 나타났으며, 따라서 세포성장 억제효과가 apoptosis 유도에 의한 것이지를 확인하고자, apoptosis 유도에 의하여 나타나는 현상의 하나인 DNA 단편화 현상을 비롯하여 세포 형태학적 변화 및 유동세포분석기를 통한 DNA content을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 애기달맞이꽃 추출물에 의한 세포증식 억제효과는 apoptosis유도에 의해 세포사멸이 일어남을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2010

본 연구는 간척지에서 여름철 대표 사료작물인 옥수수와 수수${\times}$수수 교잡종의 생산성 및 화학비료와 가축분뇨의 시용시 생산성을 비교하기 위하여 2008년은 화옹간척지에서 2009년은 석문간척지에서 시험을 실시하였다. 간척지에서 사료작물의 생산성은 옥수수가 수수${\times}$수수 교잡종보다 높았으며 사료가치도 옥수수가 수수${\times}$수수 교잡종보다 높았다. 화학비료와 가축분뇨의 시용시 생산성은 옥수수의 경우 화학비료에서 높은 수량을 보였으며 수수${\times}$수수 교잡종의 경우 화옹간척지에서 시험한 결과 SCB 액비구에서 높았고 석문간척지에서는 돈분액비구에서 높은 수량을 보였다. 사료가치는 화학비료구와 가축분뇨 시용구에서 비슷한 결과를 나타냈다. 반면 사료작물의 생산성과 토양염류도와의 관계성은 보이지 않았다. 이상의 시험결과로 보아 간척지에서 여름철 대표사료작물인 옥수수와 수수${\times}$수수 교잡종의 재배가 가능하며 가축분뇨를 시용하여 재배가 가능하다고 판단되어지며 돈분액비와 SCB 액비의 경우 새로운 비료로서 대체 가능성이 있으나 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단되어진다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.531-534
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• 2010

Purpose: Lipobean$^{(R)}$s, widely used in lipodissolving techniques, contain phosphatidylcholine and sodium deoxycholate as its main substances. They have been approved only as medication for liver disease by the FDA. However, they have been used under various clinical settings without exact knowledge of its action mechanism. The authors designed an in vitro study to analyze the effects of different concentrations of phosphatidylcholine and sodium deoxycholate on adipocytes and other types of cells. Methods: Human adipose-derived stem cell were cultured and induced to differentiate into adipocytes. Fibroblasts extracted from human inferior turbinate tissue, and MC3T3-E1 osteoblast lines were cultured. Phosphatidylcholine solution dissolved with ethanol was applied to the culture medium at differing concentrations (1, 4, 7, 10 mg/mL). The sodium deoxycholate solution dissolved in DMSO applied to the medium at differing concentrations (0.07, 0.1. 0.4. 0.7 mg/mL). Cells were dispersed at a concentration of $5{\times}10^3$ cells/well in 24 well plates, and surviving cells were calculated 1 day after the application using a CCK-8 kit. Results: The number of surviving cells of adipocytes, fibroblasts and osteoblasts decreased as the concentration of sodium deoxycholate increased. However, all types of cells that had been processed in a phosphatidylcholine showed a cell survival rate of over 70% at all concentrations. Conclusion: This study shows that sodium deoxycholate is the more major factor in destroying adipocytes, and it is also toxic to the other cells. Therefore, we conclude that care must be taken when using Lipobean$^{(R)}$s as a method of reducing adipose tissue, for its toxicity may destroy other nontarget cells existing in the subcutaneous tissue layer.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2010

Pluripotency of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) is one of the most valuable ability of hESCs for applying cell therapy field, but also showing side effect, for example teratoma formation. When transplant multipotent stem cell, such as mesnchymal stem cell (MSC) which retains similar differentiation ability, they do not form teratoma in vivo, but there exist limitation of cellular source supply. Accordingly, differentiation of hESC into MSC will be promising cellular source with strong points of both hESC and MSC line. In this study, we described the derivation of MSC like cell population from feeder free cultured hESC (hESC-MSC) using direct differentiation system. Cells population, hESC-MSC and bone marrow derived MSC (BM-MSC) retained similar characteristics in vitro, such as morphology, MSC specific marker expression and differentiation capacity. At the point of differentiation of both cell populations, differentiation rate was slower in hESC-MSC than BM-MSC. As these reason, to verify differentially expressed molecular condition of both cell population which bring out different differentiation rate, we compare the molecular condition of hESC-MSC and BM-MSC using 2-D proteomic analysis tool. In the proteomic analysis, we identified 49 differentially expressed proteins in hESC-MSC and BM-MSC, and they involved in different biological process such as positive regulation of molecular function, biological process, cellular metabolic process, nitrogen compound metabolic process, macromolecule metabolic process, metabolic process, molecular function, and positive regulation of molecular function and regulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity during mitotic cell cycle, cellular response to stress, and RNA localization. As the related function of differentially expressed proteins, we sought to these proteins were key regulators which contribute to their differentiation rate, developmental process and cell proliferation. Our results suggest that the expressions of these proteins between the hESC-MSC and BM-MSC, could give to us further evidence for hESC differentiation into the mesenchymal stem cell is associated with a differentiation factor. As the initial step to understand fundamental difference of hESC-MSC and BM-MSC, we sought to investigate different protein expression profile. And the grafting of hESC differentiation into MSC and their comparative proteomic analysis will be positively contribute to cell therapy without cellular source limitation, also with exact background of their molecular condition.