• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.102-109
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• 2011

Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Phlomis umbrosa Turcz. (PU) ethanol extracts were investigated in vitro. Total polyphenols, flavonoids and FRAP values of PU extracts were $57.32{\pm}2.30{\mu}g$/mg, $21.44{\pm}2.52{\mu}g$/mg and 0.26 mmol $Fe^{2+}$/g, respectively. The PU extracts also showed strong DPPH scavenging activity and antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, the DPPH scavenging effect of the seasoning sauces was increased by the addition of PU extracts. This study was also conducted to evaluate the quality characteristics of seasoned pork treated with PU extracts during storage at $4^{\circ}C$ for 21 days. Seasoned pork was produced containing 0, 0.5, and 1% PU extracts and 0.1% BHA. The total bacteria and TBARS values of seasoned pork added with PU were decreased compared to the control, whereas coliform bacteria were not detected after longer storage periods. With regards to sensory evaluation, seasoned pork treated with 0.5% PU had higher juiciness, flavor and overall acceptability compared to seasoned fork. These results suggest the possibility of manufacturing seasoned pork with PU extracts for the improvement of shelf-life and quality.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.205-210
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• 2008

Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) has been widely used as carriers in controlled release delivery systems due to its biodegradability and relatively good biocompatibility. However, Release pattern of carriers fabricated using PLGA have disadvantage an initial burst within a few days, lag time several days and then sudden release changes. To solve these problems of PLGA, we fabricated PLGA wafer including monomer. Also, drug release behavior restraint sudden burst effect using recrystallization of PLGA. Recrystallized PLGA was characterized the morphological difference by SEM and in vitro release behavior measured by HPLC. The PLGA molecular weight analyzed to recognize monomer influence during degradation process of polymer using GPC. In this study, drug release duration cut short up to three days and was eliminated the lag time based on the bulk erosion.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.710-718
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• 2007

This study was designed to investigate the effects of plum(Prunus salicina Lindl. cultivars 'Oishiwase', 'Formosa', and 'Soldam') extracts on the proliferation as well as inhibition of human epithelial cells(HaCaT), human cervical carcinoma (HeLa, SiHa, and C33A) cells, and human stomach adenocarcinoma(SNU 638) cells. Dried plum was sequentially extracted and fractionated by hexane(KC-01), chloroform(KC-02), ethyl acetate(KC-03), n-butanol(KC-04), water(KC-05), methanol(KC-6), and hot water extract(KC-07). The epithelial and cancer cells were exposed for 48 h to $50{\mu}g/mL$ of plum extract in vitro, and were then analysed by a sulforhodamin B(SRB) staining assay. The methanol extract(KCP-6) of 'Formosa' proliferated not only the HaCaT cells(147.3%), but also the cervical carcinoma C33A cells(167.8%). The ethyl acetate extract of 'Soldam'(KCJ-3) significantly reduced the proliferation rate of the HPV positive conical carcinoma cells, at 61.5% for the SiHa cells and 70.5% for the HeLa cells. In the C33A cells, which are HPV negative cervical carcinoma cells, the hexane fractions of 'Formosa'(KCP-1) and 'Oishiwase'(KCD-1) markedly suppressed proliferation activity at 20.4% and 61.7%, respectively. However, the proliferation rate of the normal epithelial cells(HaCaT cell) was not reduced the proliferation rate by KCJ-3, KCP-1, or KCD-1, There were no significant effects on proliferation of the stomach cancer cells(SNU 638) by any of the extracts or fractions of the plum cultivars. These results suggest that the anti-proliferative effects of the plum cultivars were selective to the cancer cell origin. In conclusion, we found that several plum cultivar extracts, especially, the ethyl acetate fraction of 'Soldam" and the hexane fraction of "Formosa', have anti-proliferative activity toward human cervical carcinoma cells. However, further investigation is needed to assess the molecular mechanisms that mediate the antiproliferation activities of the plum cultivars.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.257-263
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• 2009

In order to search for new whitening cosmetic ingredients from Chinese herbal extracts including Chinese herbs and complex prescriptions from TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine), we screened about 47 TCM extracts collected from China. We tested their inhibitory effects on melanogenesis by using in vitro tyrosinase inhibition assay and B16 melanoma cells. We selected Siphonostegia chinensis and Salvianic miltiorrhiza Bunge. We isolated Danshensu ($\alpha$,3,4-trihydroxybenzenepropanoic acid sodium salt) from Salvianic miltiorrhiza Bunge extract and tested its inhibitory effect on melanin formation in B16-F10 melanoma cells. Danshensu suppressed melanin synthesis up to about 50% at a concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/mL$. Siphonostegia chinensis suppressed melanin synthesis up to about 60% at a concentration of $300\;{\mu}g/mL$. The results showed that these extracts could be used as new natural active ingredients for whitening cosmetics.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.445-451
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• 2010

Antioxidant activities of ethanol extracts of Rumex crispus (RC) were investigated in vitro. Contents of total polyphenols and total flavonoids in RC ethanol extracts were $108.24{\pm}3.29\;{\mu}g/mg$ and $33.06{\pm}2.24\;{\mu}g/mg$, respectively. The antioxidant capacities of RC extracts were high. The RC extracts were capable of directly scavenging DPPH free radicals by acting as reducing agents. This study was also conducted to evaluate the quality characteristics of seasoned pork treated with RC extracts during storage at $4^{\circ}C$ for 21 days. Seasoned pork was produced containing 0, 1, and 3% RC extracts and 0.1% BHA. The DPPH scavenging effect of the seasoning sauces was increased by the addition of RC extracts. The total bacteria and TBARS values of seasoned pork with RC extracts were decreased compared to control, whereas coliform bacteria were not detected after longer storage periods. With regards to sensory evaluation, seasoned pork treated with 1% RC had stronger odor, juiciness, and tenderness compared to seasoned pork. These results suggest that it is possible to manufacture seasoned pork with RC extracts for the improvement of shelf-life and quality.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.614-618
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• 1991

To investigate the efficacy of grapefruit seed extract (GFSE) in the preservation of Satsuma mandarin, the citrus fruits were treated with 0 (control, only wash), 100 ppm and 250 ppm, dried and stored for 8 weeks at $15{\sim}20^{\circ}C$ and 60% RH. While 80% of the control fruits were contaminated and decayed by Penicillium sp., forming the the greenish blue spores, 27% of 100 ppm GFSE-treated fruits were contaminated and decayed and only 13% of 250 ppm GFSE-treated fruits were contaminated and decayed and only 13% of 250 ppm GFSE-treated samples were contaminated and not decayed by the fungi. GFSE showed marded inhibitory action against Penicillium sp. which was related to the decay of the citrus fruits in vitro experiments. Fungal growth was completely controlled through use of 500 ppm and the recommended range of GFSE to preserve the citrus fruits was $250{\sim}500ppm$. Transmission electron microscopic examination showed the fungal conidiospores the function of which was destroyed by dipping into GFSE.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.105-113
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• 2009

The freezed Mulberry (10 kg) was extracted with 80% EtOH, concentrated, and fractionated with a series of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water on a separatory funnel. A portion of ethyl acetate soluble (22 g) was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column using a series of aqueous methanol as eluents. The isolated compounds were identified by cellulose TLC, $^1H-$,$^{13}C$-NMR, FAB, and EI-MS. Quercetin-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (Compound I), protocatechuic acid (Compound II), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (Compound III) were isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction. In antioxidative activities of the fractionated extractives using DPPH radical scavenging test, EtOAc and water soluble fractions indicated better than BHT as contro and in in vitro tests using MTT assay, there was no cytotoxicity. Also, tyrosinase inhibition and anticancer activities were not so good, but there may be a potential as a cosmetic raw material because the cell extension effect was excellent.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.169-177
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• 2011

To evaluate the whitening effect of Camellia sinensis water extract (CSWE), CSWE was treated to melan-a cells. Total polyphenol contents and flavonoid contents of CSWE were 102 mg/g and 87 mg/g, respectively. The electron-donating ability of CSWE revealed a dose-dependent response, showing the excellent ability of 82% at 800 ${\mu}g$/mL, and which was higher than the arbutin (48%). The CSWE significantly (p<0.001) suppressed the melanin synthesis and the development of melanocyte dendrites was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. The CSWE significantly (p<0.001) inhibited both intra-cellular and cell-extracted tyrosinase activities. And inhibitory efficacies of CSWE on both melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity were significantly (p<0.001) higher than the arbutin. The tyrosinase protein expression was not influenced by arbutin treatment. However, CSWE treatment significantly (p<0.001) reduced it. Both arbutin and CSWE treatment did not influence on mRNA expressions of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 and tyrosinase related protein-2.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was performed to efficiently make Black Panax Ginseng (BPG) and evaluate its antitumor activity. Methods : Panax ginseng was steamed at $95^{\circ}C$ for 3 h, dried and steamed again at $115^{\circ}C$ for 6 h. The main ginsenosides of BPG were $Rg_{3}$, $Rk_{1}$ and $Rg_{5}$. Results : Among the saponins in BPG, the amount of ginsenoside $Rg_{3}$ was determined by HPLC method. The 11.48 mg of ginsenoside $Rg_{3}$ was obtained from lg of dried BPG. The crude saponin fraction (CSF) of BPG was tested in vitro for its cytotoxic activities against various human cancer cell lines, such as ACHN, NCI-H23, HCT-15 and PC-3. The CSF of BPG exhibited stronger cytotoxic activity than that of red Panax ginsneng. CSF of BPG exhibited good cytotoxic activities against ACFIN, HCT-15, and PC-3 cell lines with $IC_{50}$ values of 60.3-90.8 ${\mu}g$/ml. However, CSF of BPG did not show any cytotoxic activity against NCI-H23 cell line. Conclusions : BPG produced by new manufacturing is more effective than BPG produced by existing processing in anticancer activity. And new BPG has a possibility of investigation because of high contents of Rg3, Rk1 and Rg5 that have various phisological activities.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1672-1678
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• 2009

The purified antifungal substances produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IUB158-03 was positive to ninhydrin but negative to aniline, suggesting that the antifungal substance could be a peptide. FAB-MS, UV adsorption spectrum, and amino acid composition analysis revealed that the molecular weight of the antifungal substance was 1042 and that maximal adsorption was at 220 nm and 277 nm. The antifungal substance was composed of $Asn_3$, $Gln_2$, $Ser_1$, $Gly_1$, and $Tyr_1$. The composition and structural characteristics of antifungal substance were analysed by $^1H$-NMR spectrum, $^1H$-COSY, HMQC, which revealed that the compound belongs to the iturin A family. Temperature and pH had little effect on the stability of the antifungal substance in the ranges of $-70{\sim}121^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.0~10.0, respectively. It showed strong antibiotic activity against fungi. An in vitro cytotoxicity test using NIH3T3 cell showed that the antifungal substance does not have cytotoxicity. The number of circulating leukocytes and the hematobiological analysis of the mice administered with the antifungal substances was similar to those of the control group, indicating no cytotoxicity in vivo. Therefore, the antifungal substances extracted from culture broth of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IUB158-03 have future potential as biocontrol agents against plant diseases caused by fungi.