• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.159-178
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• 2020

Objectives : The purpose of this paper is to study the metaphor that the liver is the admiral from which strategic planning is derived in 『Suwen Linglanmidianlun』 in relation to Liver function. Methods : Annotations to the verse along with descriptions of strategic planning in classical texts and their relation were examined. Results : Previous annotators described the Admiral organ and Strategic Planning separately, in which it is difficult to fully explain the totality the two. They cannot be separated from each other, and only when they are in dependence of each other can they become complete. Liver function as described in classical texts and contemporary text books such as detoxification and sterilization all embody this meaning of strategic planning of an admiral. Conclusions : Reinterpretation of the Liver function based on an integrated understanding of the Liver as described in 『Suwen Linglanmidianlun』 is required. This will allow for better understanding of what the metaphor means, and to better connect this description to Liver physiology for an integrated understanding of the Liver itself in Korean Medicine.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.61-80
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• 2020

Objectives : To clarify the construction, changes, and contents of the diagrams of spleen through comparison of 30 different diagrams originated from Mingtangzangfutu. Methods : The diagrams were analyzed in whole shape, ratio between width and height, shape of the lower part, and concavo-convex of the middle part, then matched to the characteristics of the section diagram. The contents of the diagram of the spleen were newly interpreted with comparison to the classical texts. Results : The whole shape is described to be a long sword, long stick, bottle gourd, western pear, sole of feet. The height to width ratio was mostly above 4.0:1, but those listed in the 『Bianquemaishunaning』 and 『Hehensancaituhui』 were 1.9:1~1.0:1, most similar to the numbers described in the 『Nanjing』. The shape of the lower part was narrow and sharp, narrow and flat or wide and flat. To analyze through affiliation characteristic, properties of other affiliations could be found. In comparison to classical texts, the diagrams could be found to be affected by 『Nanjing』 and Wangbing's annotations. The diagrams of the spleen should be composed of the spleen, the cord of spleen, and Sangao(散膏); but those which distinguish the spleen and the cord of spleen are twelve. The description of its shape as being similar to sword or sickle seems to come from Lichan's misunderstanding of the diagram in 『Zhenjiujuying』. Those that mention Sangao are merely two and their opinion on the position are different from each other; both did not identify it with the pancreas. Conclusions : In the process of the diagrams differentiating into 30 they were affected by the classical texts. The various changes seem to come from difference in understanding of the content composition of the diagram of the spleen.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

"Byeonjeungbang-yakjeongjeon(辨證方藥正傳)" was written in the year of 1946 by Lee Sanghwa(李常和) by adding on the original "Bang-yakhappyeon(方藥合編)". 850 formulas based on experience from the times of old and present were added to the original 588 of "Bang-yakhappyeon" and Kimsamul(金四物)'s Samultang(四物湯) modification[加減], Yun Chochang(尹草窓)'s Ijintang(二陳湯) and Pyeong-wisan(平胃散) modification, Idongwon(李東垣)'s Bojung-ikgitang(補中益氣湯) modification, and Pung(馮)'s Yukmijihwangtang(六味地黃湯) modification were added. The 60 medical texts that he consulted greatly influenced the formulas that were added, and of those books the ones of interest include "Seoksilbirok(石室秘錄)", "Byeonjeungrok(辨證錄)", "Byeonjeunggimun(辨證奇聞)" and "Bucheongjunamnyeogwa(傅靑主男女科)". If we analyze the 850 formulas of "Byeonjeungbang-yakjeongjeon", 290 of them, 34%, are related to Jinsatak(陣士鐸)'s medical texts, and of those 290, 15 are from "Seoksilbirok"(5%), 49 are from "Bucheongjunyeogwa"(17%), and 226 are from "Byeonjeungrok"(78%). So, the added formulas of Leesanghwa's "Byeonjeungbang-yakjeongjeon" have been greatly influenced by Jinsatak(陳士鐸), and by looking through Jin(陳)'s medical ideas one can find the origin of prescriptions and become more flexible.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2020

Objectives : To investigate how 『Duchanggyeongheombang』 has been adopted and edited in practical texts such as 『Gosachwalyo』, 『Sallimgyeongje』, 『Gosasinseo』. Methods : Based on the disassembled verses of a paragraph in the 『Duchanggyeongheombang』, the 「Duchanggyeongheombang」 contents in 『Gosachwalyo』, 『Sallimgyeongje』,『Gosasinseo』 were compared and examined. Results : 『Gosachwalyo』 directly summarized and quoted the contents of 『Duchanggyeongheombang』 written by Park, Jinhee, while the contents in 『Sallimgyeongje』 and 『Gosasinseo』 are mostly similar, summarizing and quoting from 『Gosachwalyo』. Conclusions : In the perspective of text categorization, while the professional and specialized contents of 『Duchanggyeongheombang』 has been excluded, it was edited in ways of increasing practicality. As these texts were widely dispersed to the public, we can conclude that 『Duchanggyeongheombang』 was very influential in the treatment of douchang(痘瘡, smallpox) among the public.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.17-32
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• 2023

Objectives : This paper investigates the background, meaning and origin of the descriptions of the Heart such as 'seven orifices', 'sanmao', 'saw-toothed four layered lines' that are unique to the diagram in the Donguibogam. Methods : First the Heart diagram of the Donguibogam was compared with other Zhangfu diagrams of the past. Materials related to unique features in the descriptions of the Heart in the Donguibogam were collected, against which descriptive features were analyzed. Results : Of the many unique features, the descriptive basis of the 'seven orifices' could be found in the Qixingban[七星板] as a physical entity reflecting basic anatomical knowledge. The 'sanmao', which is compared to the Santaixing[三台星], could be understood as a non-physical entity whose descriptive basis could be found in the Xinxuetu of the Xinching. It could be assumed that the 'saw-toothed four layered lines' are likened to the multi-layered petals or calyx of a lotus flower bud to describe the Pericardium, or to the multiple walls of a mountain fortress surrounding a palace to describe the Danzhong, which is the chest cavity. These features could be understood as results of spiritualism influence. Conclusions : It could be concluded that Heo Jun, in his attempt to describe the Heart in more detail than previous diagrams of the Zangfu, referenced popular texts and images based on anatomical knowledge of previous texts, added varied descriptions resulting in a new diagram with a completely different origin.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.43-61
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• 2019

There has been much recent interest and research into meridian theory. Two main types of meridian theory generally identified: the forward heart meridian system and the circulative meridian system. Little attention has been paid to how these types of alignments operate in the Zhenjiuzishengjing (鍼灸資生經) and the Shisijingfahui (十四經發揮). This paper reviews the meridian systems of these two texts and compares them to the meridian and collateral theory found in the Huangdineijing (黃帝內經). It compares the meridian point systems of the various texts and their alignment by location and meridian to shows how the meridian-based method used in the Zhenjiuzishengjing is similar to the forward heart meridian system found in the "Benshu" (本輸) section of the Neijing while the method used in the Shisijingfahui is close to circulative meridian system found in the "Jingmai" (經脈) section of the Neijing.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.71-95
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• 2015

Objectives : I'd like to introduce a Korean medical scientist, Lee Gyoojoon (李圭晙, 1855-1923)'s achievements about Huangdi's Internal Classic (黃帝內經, HIC) to examine the Section of Viscera and Bowels to inspect the Medical Classics (稽經藏府篇, SVBIM) of the Double grinded Medical Mirror (醫鑑重磨, DMM), which is a medical book published in 1922, his last studies. And I'd like to describe its meaning of medical history. Methods : For this, I compared the DMM with two primary texts, the representative medical books of Joseon dynasty, Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine (東醫寶鑑, TMEM) and Lee's former research result of HIC, Major Essentials of Huangdi's Internal Classic Plain Question (黃帝內經素問大要, MEHIC), in the aspects of the original text, annotation, editing, attached theses, and so on. Results : Lee Gyoojoon criticized the TMEM in two aspects. First, it was unfocused and miscellaneous, second, it intended to help Yin Qi (陰氣) and reduce Yang Qi (陽氣) so that it regards a prime mover, Yang Qi, as an enemy. In order to solve these problems he deleted miscellaneous articles and sort out the points to accord with the HIC. As a result, he had written the Section of SVBIM of the DMM in the form of revising the subtitles or refuting the contents of TMEM and quoted the partial texts of MEHIC to be written by the view of Supporting Yang Qi (扶陽). Conclusions : Lee Gyoojoon proposed the Supporting Yang Qi medicine to preserve the Heart fire (心火) based on his lifelong Neo-Confucianism (性理學) study. The Section of SVBIM of the DMM showed how to apply his medical theory, which is achieved by the study of the medical classic HIC to real clinical medicine through a medium of the TMEM. In addition, it could explain concretely how the Confucianists studied the medicine and how Confucianism can impact to the development of medical theory.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.31-47
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• 2008

Objectives : The objective of this study is to apply the contents of "WaHyul(訛穴 : The errors of acupoint locations"of "ChimGuKyungHumBang" to modern acupoint locations. Methods : The text of "WaHyul" was closely examined and analyzed. "WHO standard acupuncture point locations in the western pacific region" was reviewed based on its contents. Results : According to the analysis, the correct 少商(LU11) was mentioned as a spot appropriately distanced from the corner of the nail root under the skin. This is the most accurate and reasonable synthesis of other related texts. Furthermore, the necessity of defining the locations of all the well points was also emphasized and their locations were mentioned that could be located by the same method. There is no further discussion of other acupoints apart from descriptions of their locations from other texts. Some parts that were pointed out as common errors included not only commonly made mistakes, but errors made in acupuncture texts as were true for 神門(HT7) and 肩井(GB21). The standards of 少商(LU11), 合谷(LI4) and 足三里(ST36) presented in the WHO Standardization are not only similar to what 「WaHyul」 indicated as errors in acupoint locations, but also deviate other acupuncture texts; appropriate corrections must be made. The standard of 肩井(GB21) presents a new acupoint locating method never mentioned before in received classic acupuncture texts and so a rediscussion is in need. Other standards, such as the 絶骨(GB39), had some points of controversy, yet somewhat incomplete while HT7 did not go beyond the bounds of "WaHyul". Conclusions : "WaHyul" can be used to revise WHO standards, and has practical value in modern acupoint locating.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 2020

Purpose : This study compares prescriptions in the 1901 edition of the Donguisusebowon (東醫壽世保元) and the 1901 edition of 24 Revised Tae-eum constitution prescriptions (新定太陰人病應用要藥二十四方) (1901PCDT) with medical herbs found in classical texts. This study also examines whether to include patterns which compose medical herbs for the person of Tae-eum constitution (太陰人). Method : The prescriptions for Tae-eum-in in the Shinchukbon and the ingredients of medical herbs of the prescriptions of the Complete Works of Zhang Jingyue (景岳全書), Secret Works of Universal Benefit (廣濟秘笈), Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine (東醫寶鑑), Comprised Edition for Formulas (方藥合編), Protecting Essence for Longevity (壽世保元), Introduction to Medicine (醫學入門), New Book for Saving People (濟衆新編 ENGLISH), and Compendium of Local Medicinals and Formulas (鄕藥集成方) were input into a database. The prescriptions were examined and combinations of medical herbs used to treat the person of Tae-eum constitution were noted. Result : Among the prescriptions for the person of Tae-eum constitution, similar examples of the 17 prescriptions of Kudzu Decoction to Relieve the Muscles (葛根解肌湯), Regulate the Stomach and Coordinate the Purity Decoction (調胃升淸湯), Clear the Heart and Lotus Pip Decoction (淸心蓮子湯), Decoction for Stabilizing Asthma with Ephedra (麻黃定喘湯), Profuse Heat and Sparse Cold Decoction (熱多寒少湯), Decoction for Coordinating Qi with Kudzu (葛根承氣湯), Major Decoction for Coordinating Qi with Kudzu (葛根大承氣湯), Minor Decoction for Coordinating Qi with Kudzu (葛根小承氣湯), Decoction for Dispersing the Exterior with Ephedra (麻黃發表湯), Boost the Lung Essence Decoction (補肺元湯), Major Supplementing Decoction with Deer Antler Velvet (鹿茸大補湯), Boosting Black Essence Pill (拱辰黑元丹), Honeylocust Fruit and Rhubarb Decoction (皂角大黃湯), Kudza and Duckweed Decoction (葛根浮萍湯), Sweet Flag and Polygala Powder (石菖蒲遠志散), Liriopis and Polygala Decoction Powder (麥門冬遠志散), and Cattle Gallstone Formula to Clear the Heart (牛黃淸心元) were found in important ancient literature and Dried Chestnut and Holotrichia Decoction (乾栗蠐螬湯) and Dried Chestnut and Tree of Heaven Root Bark Decoction (乾栗樗根皮湯) are the combination originally set by Lee Jema. Conclusion : Because 70.8% of the prescriptions in 1901PCDT could be found in literature which were pervasive in the period of the Joseon Dynasty (the period of Ming and Qing), it corresponds with Lee Jema's view that medical men in the Song, Yuan, and Ming Dynasties disclosed half of the prescriptions for Tae-eum person by studying these texts more.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.111-134
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• 2019

Objectives : To identify differences in perspective between "Jinguiyuhanjing" and "Songbenshanghanlun" in regards to Baihutang and Baihujiarenshentang through comparative analysis of relevant verses of the two texts. Methods : Comparative analysis was undertaken based on the hypothesis that the two texts are relatively unrelated to each other in their transmission. Relevant verses were examined to identify their differences, followed by analysis of the overall context based on these variations to determine the difference in perspective between the two texts. Results & Conclusions : While in "Songbenshanghanlun" the relationship between the two patterns were ambiguous and conflicting at times, in "Jinguiyuhanjing" the relationship was clear-cut, and similar patterns that could be mistaken were systematically explained. From the perspective of "Songbenshanghanlun", the key traits of "Jinguiyuhanjing" could be summarized into two. First, in "Songbenshanghanlun", it says that if there are exterior symptoms, Baihutang cannot be applied, which naturally excludes Baihujiarenshentang. However in "Jinguiyuhanjing", exterior symptoms constitute the Baihujiarenshentang pattern. Second, in "Songbenshanghanlun" contraindication of Baihutang concerning miscellaneous symptoms are reduced in the form of footnotes which meaning is unclear, while in "Jinguiyuhanjing" the three points of contraindication of Baihutang are listed separately under verse no. 170, with relevant verses listed organically, explaining in great detail the Baihutang pattern, its relation to similar patterns and treatment.