• Title/Summary/Keyword: improving quality

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Incorporating Social Relationship discovered from User's Behavior into Collaborative Filtering (사용자 행동 기반의 사회적 관계를 결합한 사용자 협업적 여과 방법)

  • Thay, Setha;Ha, Inay;Jo, Geun-Sik
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.1-20
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    • 2013
  • Nowadays, social network is a huge communication platform for providing people to connect with one another and to bring users together to share common interests, experiences, and their daily activities. Users spend hours per day in maintaining personal information and interacting with other people via posting, commenting, messaging, games, social events, and applications. Due to the growth of user's distributed information in social network, there is a great potential to utilize the social data to enhance the quality of recommender system. There are some researches focusing on social network analysis that investigate how social network can be used in recommendation domain. Among these researches, we are interested in taking advantages of the interaction between a user and others in social network that can be determined and known as social relationship. Furthermore, mostly user's decisions before purchasing some products depend on suggestion of people who have either the same preferences or closer relationship. For this reason, we believe that user's relationship in social network can provide an effective way to increase the quality in prediction user's interests of recommender system. Therefore, social relationship between users encountered from social network is a common factor to improve the way of predicting user's preferences in the conventional approach. Recommender system is dramatically increasing in popularity and currently being used by many e-commerce sites such as Amazon.com, Last.fm, eBay.com, etc. Collaborative filtering (CF) method is one of the essential and powerful techniques in recommender system for suggesting the appropriate items to user by learning user's preferences. CF method focuses on user data and generates automatic prediction about user's interests by gathering information from users who share similar background and preferences. Specifically, the intension of CF method is to find users who have similar preferences and to suggest target user items that were mostly preferred by those nearest neighbor users. There are two basic units that need to be considered by CF method, the user and the item. Each user needs to provide his rating value on items i.e. movies, products, books, etc to indicate their interests on those items. In addition, CF uses the user-rating matrix to find a group of users who have similar rating with target user. Then, it predicts unknown rating value for items that target user has not rated. Currently, CF has been successfully implemented in both information filtering and e-commerce applications. However, it remains some important challenges such as cold start, data sparsity, and scalability reflected on quality and accuracy of prediction. In order to overcome these challenges, many researchers have proposed various kinds of CF method such as hybrid CF, trust-based CF, social network-based CF, etc. In the purpose of improving the recommendation performance and prediction accuracy of standard CF, in this paper we propose a method which integrates traditional CF technique with social relationship between users discovered from user's behavior in social network i.e. Facebook. We identify user's relationship from behavior of user such as posts and comments interacted with friends in Facebook. We believe that social relationship implicitly inferred from user's behavior can be likely applied to compensate the limitation of conventional approach. Therefore, we extract posts and comments of each user by using Facebook Graph API and calculate feature score among each term to obtain feature vector for computing similarity of user. Then, we combine the result with similarity value computed using traditional CF technique. Finally, our system provides a list of recommended items according to neighbor users who have the biggest total similarity value to the target user. In order to verify and evaluate our proposed method we have performed an experiment on data collected from our Movies Rating System. Prediction accuracy evaluation is conducted to demonstrate how much our algorithm gives the correctness of recommendation to user in terms of MAE. Then, the evaluation of performance is made to show the effectiveness of our method in terms of precision, recall, and F1-measure. Evaluation on coverage is also included in our experiment to see the ability of generating recommendation. The experimental results show that our proposed method outperform and more accurate in suggesting items to users with better performance. The effectiveness of user's behavior in social network particularly shows the significant improvement by up to 6% on recommendation accuracy. Moreover, experiment of recommendation performance shows that incorporating social relationship observed from user's behavior into CF is beneficial and useful to generate recommendation with 7% improvement of performance compared with benchmark methods. Finally, we confirm that interaction between users in social network is able to enhance the accuracy and give better recommendation in conventional approach.

Factors affecting the final adult height in survivors of childhood brain tumors (소아 뇌종양 환자의 최종 성인키에 영향을 미치는 인자)

  • Yun, Kyong-Ah;Lee, Young Ah;Shin, Choong Ho;Yang, Sei Won;Shin, Hee Young;Ahn, Hyo Seop;Kim, Il Han
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.50 no.1
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    • pp.65-73
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    • 2007
  • Purpose : Short stature is an important complication that impairs the quality of life in survivors of childhood brain tumors. We studied their final adult height (FAH) to evaluate risk factors for short stature. Methods : We reviewed the medical data of 95 survivors of childhood brain tumors (64 males and 31 females) who had been followed up from 1982 to 2006, reached FAH, and had a more than five year-disease-free survival. Results : Final adult height standard deviation score (FAHTSDS: $mean{\pm}SD$) of the patients was lower than those of general population ($-1.15{\pm}1.72$), HTSDS at diagnosis ($-0.13{\pm}1.57$), and target HTSDS ($-0.49{\pm}0.69$). FAHTSDS of craniopharyngioma patients did not decrease ($0.57{\pm}1.17$), but those of germ cell tumor and medulloblastoma patients were significantly reduced ($-1.20{\pm}1.45$, $-2.70{\pm}1.46$; P<0.05). The patients treated with craniospinal radiation or chemotherapy had lower FAHTSDS ($-1.93{\pm}1.58$, $-2.27{\pm}1.44$; P<0.01). In the spinal irradiation group, the younger the age at diagnosis was, the more the loss of FAH (r=0.442, P<0.01). Growth hormone replacement (GHR) didn't improve FAHTSDS, but starting GHR under 12 years was an independent factor for improving FAH once treatment methods were taken into account (P=0.01). Conclusion : The younger age at diagnosis, spinal radiation and chemotherapy were all important risk factors of height loss, and height gain was expected in patients who received GHR under the age of 12 years. Therefore, regular check-ups of growth and early intervention with growth hormones are needed for high risk groups to improve FAH.

The Group Counseling Program for Terminal Cancer Patients and their Family Members in the Seoul National University Hospital (말기 암환자와 가족을 위한 집단상담 프로그램 - 서울대학교병원 경험의 분석-)

  • Lee, Young-Sook;Heo, Dae-Seog;Yun, Young-Ho;Kim, Hyun-Sook;Choi, Kyung-Sook;Yun, Yeo-Jung
    • Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.56-64
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    • 1998
  • Purpose : Seoul National University Hospital developed a group counseling program for the terminal cancer patients and their family members. This program consists of each of doctor, nutritionist, nurse, pharmacist, and social worker to provide them with the information and to enhance their ability to cope with terminal cancer. This research aims to introduce this new program per se, and to appreciate its validity and applicability to the terminal cancer patients and their family members by analyzing the concerns and specific questions of the participants. Methods : The methodological approach employed in this research is 1996 content analysis of the group counseling reports, and interview of the 312 participants. The analysis includes the general characteristics of the subjects, family relationship to the patients, times of attendance to the group session, source of information to the program. Results : The participants consist of 261 family members(84%) and 51 patients(16%). Majority responded to the program with a single-attendance. Diagnosis are mainly lung cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer. The ratio of participants by family members is decreased in the order of spouse, children, daughter-in-law, brothers and sisters, and parents. The source of information to the program is largely through medical staff(69%) as compared with posters in the hospital (26%). The participants are interested primarily in the medical information. Their interests are various, such as pain control, patient care, nutrition, psychosocial problem and etc. Conclusion : This program is characterized largely as a family-supporting program which primarily offers information for terminal cancer. This program is a sort of a hospice program, which maximizes the present quality of living of the terminal cancer patients as long as life continues by encouraging them to live with terminal cancer. Thus, this group program can be employed as an active support network for the patients and their family. In order to develop comprehensive care-giving services, it is required to have 24-hour telephone service, hospice facilities, home care service, and communication between the referral hospitals and the primary care physicians, in particular. Such a development of services is the ultimate goal for improving care. But the immediate goal of the program is to make possible better education for the patients and their family to live with terminal cancer.

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A Study about Development of Environment Printing Technology and $CO_2$ (환경 인쇄 기술의 발전과 인쇄물의 $CO_2$ 발생량에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Mun-Hag
    • Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.89-114
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    • 2012
  • For as to world, the concern about the environment problem is enhanced than any other time in the past because of being 21 century. And the environment problem is highlighted as the world-wide issue. The time of the environment problem intimidates the alive of the mankind and presence of an earth over the time. It becomes the essentiality not being selection in the personal living or the economical viewpoint now to prepare for the climatic modification. As to the company management, the green growth period which it excludes the environment management considering an environment, cannot carry on the company the continued management comes. That is, in the change center of the management paradigm, there is the environment management. Nearly, the greenhouse gas which the publication industry is the environmental toxic material like all industries is generated. The greenhouse gas is ejected in the process of running the manufacturing process and print shop of the various kinds material used as the raw material of the book. Particularly, the tree felling for getting the material of the paper is known to reach the direct influence on the global warming. This study does according to an object it considers and organizes the environment parameter based on this kind of fact as to the publication industry. And it is determined as the reference which is used as the basic materials preparing the case that carbon exhaust right transaction(CAP and TRADE) drawing are enforced in all industries and is sustainable the management of the publication industry and reduces the environmental risk among the company many risk management elements and plans and enforces the publication related policy that there is a value. In the printing publication industry, this study tried to inquire into elements discharging the environmental pollutant or the greenhouse gas. Additionally, in the printed publication production process, it tried to inquire into the effort for an environment-friendly and necessity at the printing paper and the printers ink, regarded as the element discharging the greenhouse gas all kinds of the printing materials, operation of the print shop and all kinds of the machines and recycle process, and etc. These considerations make these industrial field employees aware of the significance about a conservation and environmental protection. They try to give a help in the subsequent study producing quantitatively each environmental parameter emission of green house gas. This makes the calculation of the relative $CO_2$ output reproached ultimately possible. Meanwhile, in a sense, many research protects and improving an environment in connection with the contents of research at the printing publication industrial field is in progress. There will be the voluntary human face that it has to protect an environment but this can not do by the outside factor according to all kinds of environment related law and regulation. Anyway, because of acting on company management as the factor of oppression, the increase of this environment-related correspondence cost could know that the research that the environment loading relates with a procurement and development, environment management system introduction, quality control standard, including, normalizing including a material, and etc. through the part of the effort to reduce the cost low was actively in progress. As to the green growth era, as follows, this paper prescribed the subject and alternative of the print publication industry. It is surrounded by the firstly new digital environment and the generation of the subject. And secondly the printing industry is caused by the point of time when the green growth leaves by the topic which is largest in the global industry and it increases. The printing publication industry has to prepare the bridgehead for the environment-friendly green growth as the alternative for this resolution with first. The support blown in each industry becomes the obligation not being selection. Prestek in which the print publishing was exposed to spend many energies and which is known as the practice of the sustainable print publishing insisted that it mentioned importance of the green printing through the white pages in 2008 and a company had to be the green growth comprised through the environment-friendly activity. The core management for the sustainable printing publication industry presented from Presstack white pages is compacted to 4 words that it is a remove, reduce, recover, and recycle. Second, positively the digital printing(POD) system should be utilized. In the worldwide print out market, the digital printing area stops at the level of 10% or so but the change over and growth of the market of an analog-to-digital will increase rapidly in the future. As to the CEO Jeff Hayes of the Infoland, the offset print referred to that it of the traditional method got old and infirm with the minor phase of the new printing application like the customer to be wanted publication and the print of the digital method led the market. In conclusion, print publishers have to grasp well the market flow in the situation where a digitalization cannot be generalized and a support cannot avoid. And it keeps pace with the flow of the digital age and the recognition about the effort for the development and environment problem have to be raised. Particularly, the active green strategy is employed for the active green strategy.

Dosimetric and clinical review on the application of TOMO_edge mode (토모테라피 Edge 모드를 이용한 임상적 유용성 고찰)

  • Kim, Lizzy
    • The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.177-182
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    • 2014
  • Purpose : The goal of this study was to compare and analysis the dose distribution and treatment time between Tomotherapy planning with fixed jaw(FJ) and dynamic jaw(DJ). Materials and Methods : Seven patients were selected in the study including five common clinical cases(brain, head and neck(HN), lung, prostate, spine). 1) Helical Tomotherapy plans with FJ and DJ were generated with the same planning parameters such as Modulation factor, Pitch and Field width. 2) Tomo_edge plans with a larger field width were generated to compare to conventional HT delivery with fixed jaw. Dosimetric evaluation indices for target coverage are Dmin, Conformity index(CI) and for whole body including target are $V_{10%}$, $V_{25%}$, $V_{50%}$, $V_{75%}$ using Dose-volume histogram(DVH). Also, Treatment time and Cumulative MU were used for clinical review on Tomo_edge. Results : In case of using the same field width of Tomotherapy planning with FJ and DJ, the averaged variations were $V_{10%}$: -11.91%, $V_{25%}$: -7.6%, $V_{50%}$ :-4.75%, $V_{75%}$: -1.04%. Tomo_edge with a larger field width provides the averaged variations for target coverage: Dmin: -0.72%, CI: -1.25% and also shows the tendency of a sharp $V_{x%}$ decline in low dose area. The clinical improvements in the larger field width with DJ were observed in the treatment time, ranging from -51.21% to -15.11, and the Cumulative MU decrease, ranging from -57.74% to -15.31%. Conclusion : Target coverage achieved by FJ and DJ with the same field width has little differences. But integral doses on whole body efficiently decreased. Compared to the conventional HT delivery, Tomo_edge with a larger field width presents a little worse target coverage. However, it provides faster treatment delivery and improved cranial-caudal target dose conformity. Therefore, Tomo_edge mode is efficient in improving the treatment time and integral dose while maintaining comparable plan quality in clinic.

Public welfare services and the needs of the Haenyeo and a comparative analysis (해녀의 공공복지서비스 실태와 욕구 비교 분석)

  • Kim, Sang-Mi;Hwang, Kyung-Soo
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.13 no.10
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    • pp.4557-4563
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study is to suggest the criteria to public welfare service support for improving life quality of the haenyeo (female divers) through analyzing public welfare services and desires of the haenyeo in Jeju, Busan, and Tongyeong. Accordingly, research period was set from May 11 to June 21, 2010. The haenyeo in each region of Jeju, Yeongdo-gu (Busan), Tongyeong-si were selected as subjects. Recording of interviewing methods was used to recognize current status of public welfare. We analyzed by comparing desires of the haenyeo to public welfare services by dividing them economically, medically, educationally, and culturally. As a result of researching public welfare services to the haenyeo in each region, supports for protection of diving, growing area, public welfare service for aged diving haenyeo, and medical service were conducted. Tewak protecting net, Seonjinji visiting, and welfare facilities are supported in Busan-si but there is no support in Tongyeong-si. Therefore, desires of the haenyeo to such public welfare services are as followings: First, the desires of the haenyeo in Jeju to economic supports are indicated as supports for haenyeo experience spot, diving suit, and overseas visiting. To educational supports, it is indicated as supports for identity education, diving disease prevention education, and foreign language education. To cultural supports, it is indicated as supports for installation of welfare hall and exchange visit to foreign haenyeo culture. Second, in Busan, there were desires to establish changing room and fishery sales lot and to support diving suit as for economic supports, desires to support diving disease and medical benefits as for medical supports, desires to education of diving skill as for educational supports, and desires to establish welfare hall and haenyeo museum as for cultural supports. Third, in Tongyeong where public welfare services to the haenyeo are very poor, there were desires to support diving suit and to support changing room as for economic supports, as same as in Busan, desires to support diving disease and medical benefits as for medical supports.

Effect of Ozone and Anion Treatment for Livestock Drinking Water (오존$\cdot$음이온을 이용한 가축음용수 처리효과)

  • Choi H. C.;Lee D. S.;Kang H. S.;Kwon D. J.;Yoo Y. H.;Yeon K. Y.;Song J. I.;Yang C. B.;Kim Y. K.
    • Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.87-92
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    • 2004
  • This research was carried out to investigate the effects of ozone and anion treatments in improving the quality of the drinking water far livestock. The drinking water was treated with an ozone concentration of 0.658 $\~$0.722 g/h and with anion of 3.27 $\~$ 6.17$\times$1,000,000 pieces/sec. With the ozone and anion treatments, the pH was significantly increased from a range of pH 6.38 $\~$ 7.14 to a range of pH 7.5 $\~$ 7.8(P<0.05). Also, with the ozone and anion treatments, the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in the drinking water was increased from a range of 2.0 $\~$ 3.5 mg/$\iota$ to 5.5 $\~$ 6.1 mg/$\iota$(P<0.05): the DO decreased in the control. The dissolved ozone was not increased in the beginning of the experiment, but was increased by 0.48$\~$0.56 mg/L after 48 h of the ozone and anion treatment. The colony numbers of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritis, and Escherichia coli disappeared after one hour of ozone and anion treatment.

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Assessment of Microbial Decomposition in Soil Organic Matter Accumulation with Depth in Golf Greens (골프장 그린에서 토심별 토양 유기물 집적에 대한 미생물 분해성 평가)

  • Huh, Keun-Young;Kim, In-Hea;Deurer, Markus
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.37 no.4
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    • pp.64-71
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    • 2009
  • Excessive soil organic matter (SOM) is detrimental to turfgrass quality when used intensively in sand-based root zones, thereby affecting the sustainability of turfgrass systems. As part of a major project examining the sustainable management of SOM on golf greens, microbial decomposition on soil organic matter accumulation with depth was assessed and the effect of soil air-condition improvement and Ca fertilization was investigated by soil microbial respiration (SMR). Three soil samples from three depths(0~5, 5~10, and 10~15cm) of 5 year and 30 year old green were analyzed for SOM content. In 30 year old green, SMR and dehydrogenase activity(DHA) were analyzed to assess the soil microbial decomposition with depth. It was then divided into 4 plots: untreated as a control, dolomite-treated, 0~5cm deep section-removed, and 0~5 cm deep section-removed+dolomite-treated. After treatment, three soil samples were taken at 1, 2 and 4 weeks by the above-mentioned method, and analyzed for SMR to better understand SOM decomposition. SOM accumulation in the 0~5cm depth of golf greens can be controlled by intensive cultivation such as coring, but below 5cm is more difficult as the results showed that SOM content below 5cm increased over time. Soil microbial decomposition of organic matter will be necessary to reduce SOM accumulation, but SMR below 5cm was low and wasn't significantly altered by increasing exposure to air and fertilizing with Ca. As a result, aeration treatments such as coring and Ca fertilization might not be effective at improving soil microbial decomposition below 5cm depth in aged greens.

Gene Expression Analysis of Inducible cAMP Early Repressor (ICER) Gene in Longissimus dorsi of High- and Low Marbled Hanwoo Steers (한우 등심부위 근육 내 조지방함량에 따른 inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) 유전자발현 분석)

  • Lee, Seung-Hwan;Kim, Nam-Kuk;Kim, Sung-Kon;Cho, Yong-Min;Yoon, Du-hak;Oh, Sung-Jong;Im, Seok-Ki;Park, Eung-Woo
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.18 no.8
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    • pp.1090-1095
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    • 2008
  • Marbling (intramuscular fat) is an important factor in determining meat quality in Korean beef market. A grain based finishing system for improving marbling leads to inefficient meat production due to an excessive fat production. Identification of intramuscular fat-specific gene might be achieved more targeted meat production through alternative genetic improvement program such as marker assisted selection (MAS). We carried out ddRT-PCR in 12 and 27 month old Hanwoo steers and detected 300 bp PCR product of the inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) gene, showing highly gene expression in 27 months old. A 1.5 kb sequence was re-sequenced using primer designed base on the Hanwoo EST sequence. We then predicted the open reading frame (ORF) of ICER gene in ORF finder web program. Tissue distribution of ICER gene expression was analysed in eight Hanwoo tissue using realtime PCR analysis. The highest ICER gene expression showed in Small intestine followed by Longissimus dorsi. Interestingly, the ICER gene expressed 2.5 time higher in longissimus dorsi than in same muscle type, Rump. For gene expression analysis in high- and low marbled individuals, we selected 4 and 3 animal based on the muscle crude fat contents (high is 17-32%, low is 6-7% of crude fat contents). The ICER gene expression was analysed using ANOVA model. Marbling (muscle crude fat contents) was affected by ICER gene (P=0.012). Particularly, the ICER gene expression was 4 times higher in high group (n=4) than low group (n=3). Therefore, ICER gene might be a functional candidate gene related to marbling in Hanwoo.

Consumer Perceptions of Food-Related Hazards and Correlates of Degree of Concerns about Food (주부의 식품안전에 대한 인식과 안전성우려의 관련 요인)

  • Choe, Jeong-Sook;Chun, Hye-Kyung;Hwang, Dae-Yong;Nam, Hee-Jung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.66-74
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    • 2005
  • This survey was conducted to assess the consumer perceptions of food-related hazard in 500 housewives from all over Korea. The subjects were selected by stratified random sampling method. The survey was performed using structured questionnaire through telephone interview by skilled interviewers. The results showed that 34.6% of the respondents felt secure and were not concerned about food safety, and 65.4% were concerned about food safety. Logistic regression analysis showed that the increasing concern on food brands, food additives (such as food preservatives and artificial color), and imported foodstuffs indicated the current increasing concern on food safety. Other related factors indicating the increasing concern on food safety were education level and care for children's health. The respondents who cared about food safety expressed a high degree of concern on processed foodstuffs such as commercial boxed lunch (93.3%), imported foods (92.7%), fastfoods (89.9%), processed meat products (88.7%), dining out (85.6%), cannery and frozen foods (83.5%), and instant foods (82.0%). The lowest degree of concern was on rice. All the respondents perceived that residues of chemical substances such as pesticides and food additives, and endocrine disrupters were the most potential food risk factors, followed by food-borne pathogens, and GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms). However, these results were not consistent with scientific judgment. Therefore, more education and information were needed for consumers' awareness of facts and myths about food safety. In addition, the results showed that consumers put lower trust in food products information such as food labels, cultivation methods (organic or not), quality labels, and the place of origin. Nevertheless, the respondents expressed their desire to overcome alienation, and recognized the importance of knowing of the origin or the producers of food. They identified that people who need to take extreme precautions on food contamination were the producers, government officials, food companies, consumers, the consumer's association, and marketers, arranged in the order of highest to lowest. They also believed that the production stage of agriculture was the most important step for improving the level of food safety Therefore, the results indicated that there is a need to introduce safety systems in the production of agricultural products, as follows: Good Agricultural Practice (GAP), Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP), and Traceability System (75).