• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.169-183
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• 2022

This study aimed to analyze the class effect of subjects to which Problem-Based Learning is applied to college students majoring in aviation service at university in Chungcheong. And we derive implications for continuously operating Problem-Based Learning classes. For the study, <Service Manners and Practice>, <Theory of Air Reservation Operation & Practice>, and <Introduction to In-flight Food & Beverage> were selected among the courses opened in the first semester of 2022. This study analyzes changes in communication competence, interpersonal skills, self-directed learning skills, higher-order thinking skills, information technology application skills, and problem-solving skills reflecting the core competencies of the universities to which the study students belonged. First, we analyzed the changes in communication competence, interpersonal skills, self-directed learning skills, higher-order thinking skills, information technology application skills, and problem-solving skills before and after classes by reflecting on the core competencies of the universities to which the study students belonged. As a result, all item except for interpersonal skills were improved. In addition, a qualitative analysis was conducted on the degree of learning improvement based on the contents of the reflection journal written during learning precess. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that it is effective for learning abilities such as communication, interpersonal relationships, self-directed learning skills, utilization of information, and problem-solving.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.1485-1495
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• 2022

The development of a yeast strain capable of fermenting mixed sugars efficiently is crucial for producing biofuels and value-added materials from cellulosic biomass. Previously, a mutant Pichia stipitis YN14 strain capable of co-fermenting xylose and cellobiose was developed through evolutionary engineering of the wild-type P. stipitis CBS6054 strain, which was incapable of co-fermenting xylose and cellobiose. In this study, through genomic and transcriptomic analyses, we sought to investigate the reasons for the improved sugar metabolic performance of the mutant YN14 strain in comparison with the parental CBS6054 strain. Unfortunately, comparative whole-genome sequencing (WGS) showed no mutation in any of the genes involved in the cellobiose metabolism between the two strains. However, comparative RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed that the YN14 strain had 101.2 times and 5.9 times higher expression levels of HXT2.3 and BGL2 genes involved in cellobiose metabolism, and 6.9 times and 75.9 times lower expression levels of COX17 and SOD2.2 genes involved in respiration, respectively, compared with the CBS6054 strain. This may explain how the YN14 strain enhanced cellobiose metabolic performance and shifted the direction of cellobiose metabolic flux from respiration to fermentation in the presence of cellobiose compared with the CBS6054 strain.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

One hundred and twenty imprinting control region (ICR) mouse with initial body weights of 26 ± 2 g (5 weeks old) were assigned to six treatments for a two-week feeding trial to determine the effect of Pediococcus pentosaceus strains (PpS) which were isolated from three different types of Kimchi in ICR mice infected with Escherichia coli (Ec) or Salmonella Typhimurium (ST). Six groups constituted a normal control group without Ec or ST orally administrated (NC-; n = 20), a normal control group (NC+; n = 20), a group for which Lactobacillus plantarum was orally administrated (LP; n = 20), a group for which PpS A was orally administrated (PSA; n = 20), a group for which PpS B was orally administrated (PSB; n = 20), and a group for which PpS C was orally administrated (PSC; n = 20), the latter five groups constituted the Ec infected groups and the ST infected groups of 10 mice each. LP and PSC showed significantly (p < 0.05) improved growth performance compared to the other groups, except for NC- in the Ec infected mice group. NC+ showed significantly lower (p < 0.05) growth performance compared to the other groups, except for NC- in the ST infected mice groups. Regarding the Ec and Salmonella counts in the intestine, the LP and PSC groups had significantly lower (p < 0.05) counts than the NC+ and PSB groups. In conclusion, LP and PSC strains isolated from Kimchi can act as probiotics by inhibiting Ec and ST.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.153-167
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• 2023

Objective: Bipolar disorder displays a spectrum of manifestations, including manic, hypomanic, depressive, mixed, psychotic, and atypical episodes, contributing to its chronic nature and association with heightened suicide risk. Creating effective pharmacotherapy guidelines is crucial for managing bipolar disorder and reducing its prevalence. Treatment algorithms grounded in science have improved symptom management, but variations in recommended medications arise from research differences, healthcare policies, and cultural nuances globally. Methods: This study compares Korea's bipolar disorder treatment algorithm with guidelines from the UK, Australia, and an international association. The aim is to uncover disparities in key recommended medications and their underlying factors. Differences in CYP450 genotypes affecting drug metabolism contribute to distinct recommended medications. Variances also stem from diverse guideline development approaches-expert consensus versus metaanalysis results-forming the primary differences between Korea and other countries. Results: Discrepancies remain in international guidelines relying on meta-analyses due to timing and utilized studies. Drug approval speeds further impact medication selection. However, limited high-quality research results are the main cause of guideline variations, hampering consistent treatment conclusions. Conclusion: Korea's unique Delphi-based treatment algorithm stands out. To improve evidence-based recommendations, large-scale studies assessing bipolar disorder treatments for the Korean population are necessary. This foundation will ensure future recommendations are rooted in scientific evidence.

• BMB Reports
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.114-119
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• 2023

Liver fibrosis is caused by chronic liver damage and results in the aberrant accumulation of extracellular matrix during disease progression. Despite the identification of the HAT enzyme p300 as a major factor for liver fibrosis, the development of therapeutic agents targeting the regulation of p300 has not been reported. We validated a novel p300 inhibitor (A6) on the improvement of liver fibrosis using two mouse models, mice on a choline-deficient high-fat diet and thioacetamide-treated mice. We demonstrated that pathological hall-marks of liver fibrosis were significantly diminished by A6 treatment through Masson's trichrome and Sirius red staining on liver tissue and found that A6 treatment reduced the expression of matricellular protein genes. We further showed that A6 treatment improved liver fibrosis by reducing the stability of p300 protein via disruption of p300 binding to AKT. Our findings suggest that targeting p300 through the specific inhibitor A6 has potential as a major therapeutic avenue for treating liver fibrosis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.150-163
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• 2022

Objectives: This research aimed to develop a guideline for evaluating safety and performance of electronic warm-acupuncture apparatus. With the development of medical devices like electronic warm-acupuncture apparatus with improved performance, convenience and safety measures compared to traditional warm-acupuncture needling, safety and performance guideline is a necessity. Methods: By referring to existing standards and guidelines of other electronic devices for Korean medicine with heating function, guideline for safety and performance assessment of electronic warm-acupuncture apparatus was drafted Results: The guideline, presents explanation for adequate temperature and settings of the apparatus, and safety measurements providing against thermal runaway situations along with guidelines for the manual. Guideline for detailed test method for the performance of the apparatus such as accuracy of temperature increase and the timer, and safety unit was also provided. The test items and suggested test methods for the requirements of biological, electrical and electromagnetic safety were referred to Korean approval documents of ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Conclusion: We proposed the relevant items to verify performance and safety of warm-acupuncture apparatus to assure patient safety and improve the quality of currently developing devices for application in clinical field.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.420-428
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• 2023

Background: Ginsenoside F2 (GF2), a minor component of Panax ginseng, has been reported to possess a wide variety of pharmacological activities. However, its effects on glucose metabolism have not yet been reported. Here, we investigated the underlying signaling pathways involved in its effects on hepatic glucose. Methods: HepG2 cells were used to establish insulin-resistant (IR) model and treated with GF2. Cell viability and glucose uptake-related genes were also examined by real-time PCR and immunoblots. Results: Cell viability assays showed that GF2 up to 50 μM did not affect normal and IR-HepG2 cell viability. GF2 reduced oxidative stress by inhibiting phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling components such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and p38 MAPK, and reducing the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Furthermore, GF2 activated PI3K/AKT signaling, upregulated the levels of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT-2) and GLUT-4 in IR-HepG2 cells, and promoted glucose absorption. At the same time, GF2 reduced phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase expression as well as inhibiting gluconeogenesis. Conclusion: Overall, GF2 improved glucose metabolism disorders by reducing cellular oxidative stress in IR-HepG2 cells via MAPK signaling, participating in the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway, promoting glycogen synthesis, and inhibiting gluconeogenesis.

• Design Convergence Study
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.237-250
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• 2016

Along with rapid development, progress of the network technology and digital information technology, human are stepping into the intelligent society of internet. Thereby the quality of living environment and working environment are keep improving. Under the big background of internet era, the timeliness and convenience of smart home system has been improved greatly. While lots of smart products have gradually penetrated into people's daily life. The household appliances are among most popular ones. This paper is intended to compare smart features of household living products among most representative brands in China, Japan and South Korea. The smart features include self-learning, self-adapting, self-coordinating, self-diagnosing, self-inferring, self-organizing, and self adjusting. As result, most smart features of these products showed great similarity. While some features were dominated according to countries such as remote control feature in Korea, energy saving feature in Japan, and one button operation feature in China.

• ALGAE
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.81-92
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• 2023

Obesity-induced inflammation is crucial in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we investigated the effects of the Gracilaria chorda (GC) on lipid accumulation and obesity-induced inflammatory changes or glucose homeostasis in cell models (3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages). Samples of GC were extracted using solvents (water, methanol, and ethanol) and subcritical water (SW) at different temperatures (90, 150, and 210℃). The total phenolic content of GCSW extract at 210℃ (GCSW210) showed the highest content compared to others, and GCSW210 highly inhibited lipid accumulation and significantly reduced gene expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, and fatty acid synthase in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In addition, GCSW210 effectively downregulated the pro-inflammatory cytokine regulator pathways in RAW 264.7 macrophages, including mitogen-activated protein kinase, signal transducers and activators of transcription and nuclear factor-κB. In co-culture of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages, GCSW210 significantly reduced nitric oxide production and interleukin-6 levels, and improved glucose uptake with dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that GCSW210 improves glucose metabolism by attenuating obesity-induced inflammation in adipocytes, which may be used as a possible treatment option for managing obesity and associated metabolic disorders.