• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 1982

The purpose of this research was to find out the effects of the person and costume on the formation of first impression. 4 Models were choosen who had sporty, intellectual, social and cute impression. Tried on them sporty, intellectual, social and cute costumes, 16 pictures of them were taken four ty four method, and those were shown to 640 college girl students in Seoul to check the change of impression. The results are as follows : 1) The sporty costume to he perceived as sporty than either the social or intellectual and cute costume. 2) The social person to he perceived as social than either the sporty on intellectual and cute person. 3) The intellectual costume to be perceived as intellectual than either the sporty or social & cute costume. 4) The cute costume to be perceived as cute than either the sporty or social and intellectual costume.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.28-36
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• 2002

The purposes of the study were to investigate the effect of garment category, fashion-level and wearer's body type on the basis of temporal stability and to extend the contextual framework. The result was as follows 1) On the basis of temporal stability, Korean style, classic style, and large body type have more temporal stability than western style, fashionable style, normal body type. 2) On the basis of temporal stability of impression dimension, impression of appearance knave most temporal stability, next good-bad, next evaluation, next potency, and sociability. 3) In an interaction effect between measuring time and impression of evaluation, western, fashionable, classic style have the greatest interaction effect. In an interaction effect between measuring time and impression of appearance, western style, normal body type have the greatest interaction effect. In an interaction effect between measuring time and impression of good-bad, western, fashionable style have the greatest interaction effect. It is concluded that the results support the context framework on impression formation.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.354-368
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Shirts-color(Different-color, Same-color) and Hat color(Red, Blue, Beige, Grey), Hat design (Beret, Cloche, Bowler, and Capeline) on impression formation. The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimulus and response scales. The 7-point semantic thirty stimuli color pictures of various combination of hair length, hair style, and type of hat design were manipulated by computer drawing. The subjects were 360 undergraduates living in Seoul, Kyunggi and Kyungnam. The experimental design was composed of 3 factorial designs. The result of the study can be summarized as follows; Impression factor of the stimulus consisted of the 5 different dimensions. (concentration of attention, attractiveness, gracefulness, activity, tenderness). Concentration of attention, elegance, and tenderness in case of a hat as a clue, elegance and tenderness in case of the color of upper clothes as a clue, and all the factors except attractiveness and elegance in case of the type of hat as a clue were significant factors to differences of appearance. In regarding the effect of interaction between each variable, the combination of Hat color and Shirts-color had significant effects on tenderness, Hat color and type of hat design on concentration of attention, elegance and activity.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.5 s.219
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• pp.69-78
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of eyeshadow color (brown, purple, and blue), lipstick color (red, red purple, and yellow red), and lipstick tone (vivid, light, dull, and dark) on impression formation. Sets of stimulus and response scales (7 point semantic) were used as experimental materials. The stimuli were 36 color pictures manipulated with the combination of eyeshadow color, lipstick color, and lipstick tone using computer simulation. The subjects were 216 female undergraduates living in Jinju city. Impression factor of the stimulus was composed of 4 different components, attractiveness and gracefulness, visibility, cuteness, and softness, of which the first two were important. Eyeshadow color, lipstick color, and lipstick tone independently influenced the attractiveness and gracefulness and visibility. In the cuteness and softness, eyeshadow color and lipstick tone showed independent effect. In the interaction effect, the combination of lipstick color and lipstick tone showed significant effect on the attractiveness and gracefulness, visibility, and cuteness. Finally, it was found that the combination of eveshadow color and tpstick tone showed significant difference in the softness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.9_10 s.146
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• pp.1207-1218
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of wearer's body type and clothing type, neutral tone combination on impression formation. The experimental materials developed for this study are a set of stimuli and response scales(The 7-point semantic). the stimuli are 90 pictures manipulated with wearer's body type, clothing type and neutral tone variation by computer simulation. The subjects are 540 female undergraduate students in Kyung-nam. The resulte of this study are as follows : Impression factor of the stimulus consisted of the 5 demensions(tenderness, cuteness, attractiveness, elegance, intrepidity). Wearer's body type had significant effects on all five factors. Especially, it had the strongest effects on attractiveness. Clothing type had significant effects on tenderness, attractiveness, intrepidity. Neutral tone combinations had significant effects on all factors except elegance. In regarding the effect of interaction between each variable, the combination of clothing type and neutral tone combination had significant effects on attractiveness, elegance, intrepidity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.16 no.4 s.44
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• pp.371-377
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• 1992

The purposes of the study were 1) to extend the cognitive categorization theory in an attempt to explain the of garment category, fashionability, and wearer's body types on impression formation, and 2) to find out structures of wearer's impressional dimension and wearer's professional image. The research included a quasi-experiment and survey. The experimental design was a $2^{3}$full factorial design of 3 independent variables. The experimental materials developed for the study were a set of stimuli and a response scale. The stimuli consisted of 8 drawings made by 3 independent variables (garment category, fashion level, wearer's body type). Result were as follows: 1) Garment category, fashionability and wearer's body type had significant effects on impression of the 5 factors-evaluation, potency, appearance, sociability and good-bad, with exception of wearer's body type which was nonsignificant to the potency factor. 2) Garment category was most effective on the evaluation and the potency. However wearer's body type was most effect on the appearance factor and fashionability variable was most effective on the good-bad factor. It was conclued that the results supported the cognitive categorization theory on impression formation and a cognitive categorization hypothesis of clothes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.747-764
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• 1995

The purpose of the present study were 1) to identify the dimensional structure of impression formed of a female figure, 2) to analyze effects of several elements of apparel design on impression formation of the figure in suit. The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimuli and a response scale. The stimuli consisted of 60 drawings made by identical manipulations of 3 indepndent variables in 3 clothing styles(suit, dress and pants with blouse). The independent variables were (1) five clothing colors (red, blue, yellow, white and black), (2) two lengths(short/long) of suit skirt, dress, and pants (3) two types of blouse and dress collars (shirt collar/ribbon collar). The 7-point semantic differential response scale to measure the dependent variables (formed impressions of the female figure) was composed of 37 bipolar adjectives. Further- more, two open-ended questions were used for interpretation of the reponses. The study proceeded in three independent experimental part was based on the 3 clothing styles using a 5(color)$\times$2(length)$\times$2(collar) factorial design. Subject were 200 female undergraduate students reandomly assigned to one of 20 combinations in each part of the experiment. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, 3-way ANOVA and Multiple Classification Analysis. Five factors emerged to account for the dimensional structure of impression of the female figure in specific attire. These factors included three basic dimensions of impression identified as potency, activity and evaluation, confirming the results of previous studies. Result from open-ended questionaire supported the theoretical perspective of Schneider, Hastorf and Ellsworth on the procedure of impression formation.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02b
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• pp.513-520
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• 2008

Today, 3D cyber space with advancements of Web 3D technique is changing into a social space. As such, the users want to make social relationships, the impression that one leaves in 3D cyber space has become more important. This study will be confirm a relationship between interpersonal relations and impression and show some impression formation factors in 3D cyber space. As this study analyzes the characteristic elements of 3D cyber space which are differentiated with other platform, it has theoretical value to support theory about personal relationship in3D cyber spaces. Then it will be a supporting theory for next study about intercultural and social phenomena in changeable 3D cyber space as advancement of technique. We will find out the causal relationship between impression dimensions and formative factors in next study.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.55-75
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• 2006

Most previous research on impression formation has been examined the effects of various informations exclusively within a category, either social category or individual characteristic. The present research examined and compared the priming effects of social category information (we and other) versus personality information (warm and cold) on impression formation. In Study 1, participants primed subliminally with combinations of social category and personality information (we/warm, we/cold, other/warm, and other/cold) were asked to rate faceial pictures on the good-bad and likable-dislikable dimensions. The analysis revealed only the significant main effects of social category information but not any effects of personality information on both the impression dimensions. In Study 2 in which participants were primed with either social category or personality information exclusively, priming of social category information influenced the judgments of likable-dislikable dimension and that of personality information influenced the judgments of good-bad dimension. These results suggest that personality information influences impression in general even though its impacts may be overwritten by social categorical information. The findings were discussed with its implication of everyday's impression formation and the cultural psychological perspectives.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.1-17
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate 1) the effects of clothing styles on impression formation of middle and high school students and 2) the differences in impression in relation to perceiver variablex(sex, age, residence). The sample consisted of 60 subjects in each of 8 perceiver groups according to sex, age and residence. Stimuli consisted of 10 color photographs of male and female adolescent wearing each of 5 clothing styles respectively. Questionnaires consisted of 43 seven-point semantic differential scales measuring perceivers responses to the stimuli, open-ended Question and perceiver’s clothing style preference. Responses to the semantic differential scale were factor analyzed and 4 factors - Self-confidence/refinement, Sincerity, Intelligence, and Sociability - were emerged to account for the structure of the impression of the male stimuli. Five factors - Sincerity, Refinement, Self-confidence, Sociability, Intellience - were emerged in case of female stimuli. One-way ANOVA results showed that clothing styles had the effects on all the factors of impression except Sincerity. From the reset analyzing the effects of perceiver variables on impressions, age had the effects in all the clothing styles, sex had the effects in 6 clothing styles, and residence in 5 clothing styles. Clothing style 5(male stimuli) and style 10(female stimuli) were the most preferred clothing style in all the subject groups.