• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.28-36
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• 2002

The purposes of the study were to investigate the effect of garment category, fashion-level and wearer's body type on the basis of temporal stability and to extend the contextual framework. The result was as follows 1) On the basis of temporal stability, Korean style, classic style, and large body type have more temporal stability than western style, fashionable style, normal body type. 2) On the basis of temporal stability of impression dimension, impression of appearance knave most temporal stability, next good-bad, next evaluation, next potency, and sociability. 3) In an interaction effect between measuring time and impression of evaluation, western, fashionable, classic style have the greatest interaction effect. In an interaction effect between measuring time and impression of appearance, western style, normal body type have the greatest interaction effect. In an interaction effect between measuring time and impression of good-bad, western, fashionable style have the greatest interaction effect. It is concluded that the results support the context framework on impression formation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.724-735
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• 2000

The objectives of this study were to identify the dimensional structure of female impression formation based on silhouettes and necklines of wedding dresses, and to analyze the effect of silhouettes, necklines, and perceiver's gender on impression formation. The experimental design was 3$\times$6$\times$2 (silhouettes$\times$necklines$\times$gender) factorial design by 3 independent variables. Samples were 432 males and females. Four factors derived to account for the dimensions of impression formation. These were attractiveness, neatness, feminity, and prettiness. Dome silhouette had a positive effect on impression of attractiveness. Bell silhouette increased the impression of femininity and prettiness. Tubular silhouette had a negative effect on the impressions of attractiveness, femininity, and prettiness. Neckline had a significant effect on impression of attractiveness and negative on prettiness. Sweet-heart neckline has a positive effect on impression of attractiveness and negative on prettiness. Off-shoulder neckline increased the impression of prettiness. Round neckline decreased the impression of attractiveness. On the interaction effect according to the neckline and perceiver's gender, the men perceived high-necklines to be more feminine than did women, while the women perceived off-shoulder necklines to be more feminine than did men. There was interaction effect between silhouette and neckline on prettiness. In dome silhouette, heart-shape neckline was perceived to be prettier than the others, while in bell silhouette, off-shoulder neckline was perceived as prettier than the others.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.37
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• pp.119-132
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• 1998

Niveteen stimulus photographs varied in hue and color scheme of one clothing style of Korean dress worn by a female were used to explore the differences in perceptive effect of clothing cues(color, color scheme, structure) on impression formation and graduate students. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, factor score, ANOVA and Scheffe-test. Results indicate perceptive effects of clothing cues on impression formation are influenced by gender-differences and major-difference of perceivers. Significant gender differences were found in perception of clothing cues on impression effect. Interaction effects were found between clothing cues and gender. Significant major differences were found in perception of clothing cues on impression effect. Interaction effects were found between clothing cues and perceiver's major. Female perceivers and perceivers of major-ing in Liberal Arts reacted to clothing cues on impression formation with greater sensitivity than male perceivers and perceivers of majoring in Natural Sciences. Frequent interaction effects between gender and color of China (cool-warm color), between major difference and color scheme(related color harmony-contrasting color harmony) appeared on factors of impression effect. The influence of perceiver variables on their perception of clothing cues for impression effcet has important implications for gender difference and perceiver's maforing backgroung in a social situation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1111-1121
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• 1998

The objectives of this study were to identify the dimensional structure of female impression formation based on ornaments and color of jacket, and to analyze the effect of ornaments, color of jacket, and perceiver's gender on impression formation. The experimental design was 3$\times$4$\times$2(ornaments$\times$color of jacket$\times$gender) factorial design by 3 independent variables. The stimuli of color photographs of female model and the semantic differential scale were used. Samples were 288 college males and females. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, ANOVA, duncan's multiple range test, and t-test. Four factors derived to account for the dimensions of impression formation. These were potency, elegance, evaluation, youthfulness, and feminine. Wearing of large ornaments(a necklace and earrings) had a negative effect on impression of elegance and positive on potency. Red jackets increased the impression of positive evaluation, potency, feminity, and youthfulness. On the jackets of achromatic color such as white and black, wearing of large ornaments increased the effect of potency, and large ornaments increased matured impression on black jacket. The results of this study mean that perceiverss used large ornaments and red jackets as a salient cue.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.43-46
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• 1988

The purpose of this investigation was to determined the dimensional change of plaster to time with impression materials. This study was carried out through the literature & experiment, using 4sorts of the Impression Materials(Alginate, Impression Agar, Silicone Rubber, Polysulfide Rybber)and 5 treatments(1hr, 11/2 hrs, 2hur, 3hur, 6hur). The results of this experiment were as follows : 1. Main effect of Impression Meterials & tretments was statistically significant.(P<0.01). 2. The effect of 2-way interaction of Impression materials & Treatments was also statistically significant.(P<0.01) 3. Though this study was the difference of degree according to the materials. All Impression Materials were tended to be constained according to over the time.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.104-112
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• 2006

The studies on impression formation usually have focused on the effect of certain appearance features which elevates perceptual evaluation. This study tried to find out whether there is a consensus on impression formation between the perceived person and the perceiver and if the gender is any significant variable to cast any difference on the impression evaluation. Seven photos of voluntary students in ppt file were projected to 143 students attending a university psychology class and were subjected to a impression evaluation questionnaire consisting of 28 adjective scales. The analysis of result revealed: 1) There was a significant difference between the impression evaluation scores of the perceivers and the perceived; the self evaluation of the perceived person was higher than the perceivers' evaluation. 2) There was also a significant evaluation score difference between the genders of the perceivers; the female perceivers rated the stimuli higher than the male perceivers. There was no interaction effect between the genders of the perceivers and the perceived.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.7 s.155
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• pp.1012-1024
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of color, shirt tone, tie tone, perceiver's gender on impression formation by applying tone on tone coloration of shirt and necktie: coloration of two colors. The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimulus and response scales. The stimuli were 32 upper body photographs which were color outputs by CAD system(4D-box program). We unified those colors of shirts and neckties same, then made shirt and necktie tone differently. 27 bi-polar adjectives, each of which was graded into seven in its degree, were used to evaluate the impression. The subjects of this research were 192 male and 192 female college students in Gyeongnam province including Jinju City. The data was analyzed by using SPSS program. Analysis methods were four-way ANOVA. The items of the adjectives were classified into 5 impression dimension. - potency, activity, attractiveness, visibility and tenderness. Color, shirt tone, tie tone, and perceiver gender influenced on 5 impression formation by interaction as well as independently. Blue tie with vivid, light or dull tone had an effect on the formation of potency impression, vivid or light tone of shirt affected activity regardless of color or tie tone. As shirt and tie had different tone, effect on the formation of attractiveness impression, light tone had a negative effect on visibility but positive effect on tenderness. red color were more effective than blue expressed on visibility and tenderness in shirt or tie.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.177-185
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• 2011

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dimensional stability of splinting material on the accuracy of master casts. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A stainless steel metal model with 6 implants embedded was used as a master model. Implant level impressions were made after square impression copings were splinted using 5 different techniques as follows. (1) Splinted with autopolymerizing resin and sectioned, reconnected to compensate polymerization shrinkage before the impression procedure. (2) Splinted with autopolymerizing resin just before impression procedure. (3) Primary impression made with impression plaster and secondary impression were made over with polyether impression material. (4) Splinted with impression plaster. (5) Splinted with VPS bite registration material. From master model, 5 impressions and 5 experimental casts, total 25 casts were made for each of 5 splinting methods. The distortion values of each splinting methods were measured using coordinate measuring machine, capable of recordings in the x-, y-, z- axes. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a confidence level of 95% was used to evaluate the data and Tukey's studentized range test was used to determine significant differences between the groups. RESULTS. Group 1 showed best accuracy followed by Group 3 & 4. Group 2 and 5 showed relatively larger distortion value than other groups. No significant difference was found between group 3, 4, 5 in x-axis, group 2, 3, 4 in y-axis and group 1, 3, 4, 5 in z-axis (P<.0001). CONCLUSION. Both Splinting impression copings with autopolymerizing resin following compensation of polymerization shrinkage and splinting method with impression plaster can enhance the accuracy of master cast and impression plaster can be used simple and effective splinting material for implant impression procedure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1297-1309
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of shirt color, tie color, tone, perceiver' gender on impression formation by applying tone-in-tone coloration of shirt and necktie: coloration of two colors. This experiment was designed to utilize the $2{\times}6{\times}4{\times}2$ factorial designs. and they are shirt color(red, blue), tie color(red, yellow red, yellow, green, blue, purple), tone(vivid, light, dull, dark), and perceiver' gender(a male, a female). The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimulus and response scales. The stimuli were 48 upper body photographs which were color outputs by CAD system(4D-box program). The subjects of this research were 288 male and 288 female college students. There were established impression dimension from factor analysis 27 bi-polar adjectives and investigated the effect of interaction between each variable affected impression formations. The items of the adjectives are classified into 4 Impression dimensions: activity, potency, attractiveness, and tenderness. Shirt color, tie color, tone, and perceiver' gender influenced on impression formation. Specially, tie color and tone influenced on the 4 impression dimension greatly by interaction as well as independently. As a result tie is very important clue of impression formation in tone-in-tone coloration of shirt and necktie. Even though tie occupies only a small area in men's clothes it has great effect since it is close to the face.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.995-1006
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• 2004

This study examines the effects of clothing style and the order effect on impression formation. The instrument of this study consisted of response scales and stimuli. Fifty-one items of 7-point semantic differential scales, 9 items of demographic traits, and 4 items of subjective evaluation scales were developed. Stimuli were color pictures of a model wearing each of two clothing styles(mannish style, feminine style). The sample include 56 male and female subjects in their twenties and thirties. The experimental design was within-subject design and the half of the sample responded to the mannish style first and the other half responded to the feminine style first. Responses to the semantic differential scales were factor analyzed, and seven factors were identified: intellectuality, sensibility, activity, modesty, competence, display, keenness. There were significant differences between mannish style and feminine style in impression of wearer＇s age, job, and physical attractiveness as well as wearer＇s intellectuality and sensibility. It was revealed that the first impression and second impression of wearer＇s intellectuality, sensibility, modesty, competence, display were differed by the function of the order of stimuli shown to the subjects. Both primacy effect and recency effect of order effect were confirmed, and especially negativity effect was influenced prominently on impression formation.